2 Scatterlist Cryptographic API
6 The Scatterlist Crypto API takes page vectors (scatterlists) as
7 arguments, and works directly on pages. In some cases (e.g. ECB
8 mode ciphers), this will allow for pages to be encrypted in-place
11 One of the initial goals of this design was to readily support IPsec,
12 so that processing can be applied to paged skb's without the need
18 At the lowest level are algorithms, which register dynamically with the
21 'Transforms' are user-instantiated objects, which maintain state, handle all
22 of the implementation logic (e.g. manipulating page vectors) and provide an
23 abstraction to the underlying algorithms. However, at the user
24 level they are very simple.
26 Conceptually, the API layering looks like this:
28 [transform api] (user interface)
29 [transform ops] (per-type logic glue e.g. cipher.c, compress.c)
30 [algorithm api] (for registering algorithms)
32 The idea is to make the user interface and algorithm registration API
33 very simple, while hiding the core logic from both. Many good ideas
34 from existing APIs such as Cryptoapi and Nettle have been adapted for this.
36 The API currently supports five main types of transforms: AEAD (Authenticated
37 Encryption with Associated Data), Block Ciphers, Ciphers, Compressors and
40 Please note that Block Ciphers is somewhat of a misnomer. It is in fact
41 meant to support all ciphers including stream ciphers. The difference
42 between Block Ciphers and Ciphers is that the latter operates on exactly
43 one block while the former can operate on an arbitrary amount of data,
44 subject to block size requirements (i.e., non-stream ciphers can only
45 process multiples of blocks).
47 Support for hardware crypto devices via an asynchronous interface is
50 Here's an example of how to use the API:
52 #include <crypto/ahash.h>
53 #include <linux/err.h>
54 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
56 struct scatterlist sg[2];
58 struct crypto_ahash *tfm;
59 struct ahash_request *req;
61 tfm = crypto_alloc_ahash("md5", 0, CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC);
65 /* ... set up the scatterlists ... */
67 req = ahash_request_alloc(tfm, GFP_ATOMIC);
71 ahash_request_set_callback(req, 0, NULL, NULL);
72 ahash_request_set_crypt(req, sg, result, 2);
74 if (crypto_ahash_digest(req))
77 ahash_request_free(req);
78 crypto_free_ahash(tfm);
81 Many real examples are available in the regression test module (tcrypt.c).
86 Transforms may only be allocated in user context, and cryptographic
87 methods may only be called from softirq and user contexts. For
88 transforms with a setkey method it too should only be called from
91 When using the API for ciphers, performance will be optimal if each
92 scatterlist contains data which is a multiple of the cipher's block
93 size (typically 8 bytes). This prevents having to do any copying
94 across non-aligned page fragment boundaries.
99 When submitting a new algorithm for inclusion, a mandatory requirement
100 is that at least a few test vectors from known sources (preferably
101 standards) be included.
103 Converting existing well known code is preferred, as it is more likely
104 to have been reviewed and widely tested. If submitting code from LGPL
105 sources, please consider changing the license to GPL (see section 3 of
108 Algorithms submitted must also be generally patent-free (e.g. IDEA
109 will not be included in the mainline until around 2011), and be based
110 on a recognized standard and/or have been subjected to appropriate
113 Also check for any RFCs which may relate to the use of specific algorithms,
114 as well as general application notes such as RFC2451 ("The ESP CBC-Mode
117 It's a good idea to avoid using lots of macros and use inlined functions
118 instead, as gcc does a good job with inlining, while excessive use of
119 macros can cause compilation problems on some platforms.
121 Also check the TODO list at the web site listed below to see what people
122 might already be working on.
128 linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
129 Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>,
130 David S. Miller <davem@redhat.com>
135 For further patches and various updates, including the current TODO
137 http://gondor.apana.org.au/~herbert/crypto/
149 The following people provided invaluable feedback during the development
154 Herbert Valerio Riedel
161 Portions of this API were derived from the following projects:
163 Kerneli Cryptoapi (http://www.kerneli.org/)
165 Herbert Valerio Riedel
175 Nettle (http://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/nettle/)
178 Original developers of the crypto algorithms:
181 Andrew Tridgell and Steve French (MD4)
184 Jean-Luc Cooke (SHA256, SHA384, SHA512)
185 Kazunori Miyazawa / USAGI (HMAC)
186 Matthew Skala (Twofish)
187 Dag Arne Osvik (Serpent)
189 Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (CAST6)
191 Jouni Malinen (Michael MIC)
192 NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia)
194 SHA1 algorithm contributors:
197 DES algorithm contributors:
202 Blowfish algorithm contributors:
203 Herbert Valerio Riedel
206 Twofish algorithm contributors:
210 SHA256/384/512 algorithm contributors:
213 Herbert Valerio Riedel
215 AES algorithm contributors:
217 Herbert Valerio Riedel
220 Fruhwirth Clemens (i586)
221 Linus Torvalds (i586)
223 CAST5 algorithm contributors:
224 Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (original developers unknown, FSF copyright).
226 TEA/XTEA algorithm contributors:
230 Khazad algorithm contributors:
233 Whirlpool algorithm contributors:
237 Anubis algorithm contributors:
240 Tiger algorithm contributors:
243 VIA PadLock contributors:
246 Camellia algorithm contributors:
247 NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia)
249 Generic scatterwalk code by Adam J. Richter <adam@yggdrasil.com>
251 Please send any credits updates or corrections to:
252 Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>