1 Copyright 2009 Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
3 Debugfs exists as a simple way for kernel developers to make information
4 available to user space. Unlike /proc, which is only meant for information
5 about a process, or sysfs, which has strict one-value-per-file rules,
6 debugfs has no rules at all. Developers can put any information they want
7 there. The debugfs filesystem is also intended to not serve as a stable
8 ABI to user space; in theory, there are no stability constraints placed on
9 files exported there. The real world is not always so simple, though [1];
10 even debugfs interfaces are best designed with the idea that they will need
11 to be maintained forever.
13 Debugfs is typically mounted with a command like:
15 mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
17 (Or an equivalent /etc/fstab line).
18 The debugfs root directory is accessible only to the root user by
19 default. To change access to the tree the "uid", "gid" and "mode" mount
22 Note that the debugfs API is exported GPL-only to modules.
24 Code using debugfs should include <linux/debugfs.h>. Then, the first order
25 of business will be to create at least one directory to hold a set of
28 struct dentry *debugfs_create_dir(const char *name, struct dentry *parent);
30 This call, if successful, will make a directory called name underneath the
31 indicated parent directory. If parent is NULL, the directory will be
32 created in the debugfs root. On success, the return value is a struct
33 dentry pointer which can be used to create files in the directory (and to
34 clean it up at the end). A NULL return value indicates that something went
35 wrong. If ERR_PTR(-ENODEV) is returned, that is an indication that the
36 kernel has been built without debugfs support and none of the functions
37 described below will work.
39 The most general way to create a file within a debugfs directory is with:
41 struct dentry *debugfs_create_file(const char *name, umode_t mode,
42 struct dentry *parent, void *data,
43 const struct file_operations *fops);
45 Here, name is the name of the file to create, mode describes the access
46 permissions the file should have, parent indicates the directory which
47 should hold the file, data will be stored in the i_private field of the
48 resulting inode structure, and fops is a set of file operations which
49 implement the file's behavior. At a minimum, the read() and/or write()
50 operations should be provided; others can be included as needed. Again,
51 the return value will be a dentry pointer to the created file, NULL for
52 error, or ERR_PTR(-ENODEV) if debugfs support is missing.
54 Create a file with an initial size, the following function can be used
57 struct dentry *debugfs_create_file_size(const char *name, umode_t mode,
58 struct dentry *parent, void *data,
59 const struct file_operations *fops,
62 file_size is the initial file size. The other parameters are the same
63 as the function debugfs_create_file.
65 In a number of cases, the creation of a set of file operations is not
66 actually necessary; the debugfs code provides a number of helper functions
67 for simple situations. Files containing a single integer value can be
70 struct dentry *debugfs_create_u8(const char *name, umode_t mode,
71 struct dentry *parent, u8 *value);
72 struct dentry *debugfs_create_u16(const char *name, umode_t mode,
73 struct dentry *parent, u16 *value);
74 struct dentry *debugfs_create_u32(const char *name, umode_t mode,
75 struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
76 struct dentry *debugfs_create_u64(const char *name, umode_t mode,
77 struct dentry *parent, u64 *value);
79 These files support both reading and writing the given value; if a specific
80 file should not be written to, simply set the mode bits accordingly. The
81 values in these files are in decimal; if hexadecimal is more appropriate,
82 the following functions can be used instead:
84 struct dentry *debugfs_create_x8(const char *name, umode_t mode,
85 struct dentry *parent, u8 *value);
86 struct dentry *debugfs_create_x16(const char *name, umode_t mode,
87 struct dentry *parent, u16 *value);
88 struct dentry *debugfs_create_x32(const char *name, umode_t mode,
89 struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
90 struct dentry *debugfs_create_x64(const char *name, umode_t mode,
91 struct dentry *parent, u64 *value);
93 These functions are useful as long as the developer knows the size of the
94 value to be exported. Some types can have different widths on different
95 architectures, though, complicating the situation somewhat. There is a
96 function meant to help out in one special case:
98 struct dentry *debugfs_create_size_t(const char *name, umode_t mode,
99 struct dentry *parent,
102 As might be expected, this function will create a debugfs file to represent
103 a variable of type size_t.
105 Boolean values can be placed in debugfs with:
107 struct dentry *debugfs_create_bool(const char *name, umode_t mode,
108 struct dentry *parent, bool *value);
110 A read on the resulting file will yield either Y (for non-zero values) or
111 N, followed by a newline. If written to, it will accept either upper- or
112 lower-case values, or 1 or 0. Any other input will be silently ignored.
114 Also, atomic_t values can be placed in debugfs with:
116 struct dentry *debugfs_create_atomic_t(const char *name, umode_t mode,
117 struct dentry *parent, atomic_t *value)
119 A read of this file will get atomic_t values, and a write of this file
120 will set atomic_t values.
122 Another option is exporting a block of arbitrary binary data, with
123 this structure and function:
125 struct debugfs_blob_wrapper {
130 struct dentry *debugfs_create_blob(const char *name, umode_t mode,
131 struct dentry *parent,
132 struct debugfs_blob_wrapper *blob);
134 A read of this file will return the data pointed to by the
135 debugfs_blob_wrapper structure. Some drivers use "blobs" as a simple way
136 to return several lines of (static) formatted text output. This function
137 can be used to export binary information, but there does not appear to be
138 any code which does so in the mainline. Note that all files created with
139 debugfs_create_blob() are read-only.
141 If you want to dump a block of registers (something that happens quite
142 often during development, even if little such code reaches mainline.
143 Debugfs offers two functions: one to make a registers-only file, and
144 another to insert a register block in the middle of another sequential
147 struct debugfs_reg32 {
149 unsigned long offset;
152 struct debugfs_regset32 {
153 struct debugfs_reg32 *regs;
158 struct dentry *debugfs_create_regset32(const char *name, umode_t mode,
159 struct dentry *parent,
160 struct debugfs_regset32 *regset);
162 void debugfs_print_regs32(struct seq_file *s, struct debugfs_reg32 *regs,
163 int nregs, void __iomem *base, char *prefix);
165 The "base" argument may be 0, but you may want to build the reg32 array
166 using __stringify, and a number of register names (macros) are actually
167 byte offsets over a base for the register block.
169 If you want to dump an u32 array in debugfs, you can create file with:
171 struct dentry *debugfs_create_u32_array(const char *name, umode_t mode,
172 struct dentry *parent,
173 u32 *array, u32 elements);
175 The "array" argument provides data, and the "elements" argument is
176 the number of elements in the array. Note: Once array is created its
177 size can not be changed.
179 There is a helper function to create device related seq_file:
181 struct dentry *debugfs_create_devm_seqfile(struct device *dev,
183 struct dentry *parent,
184 int (*read_fn)(struct seq_file *s,
187 The "dev" argument is the device related to this debugfs file, and
188 the "read_fn" is a function pointer which to be called to print the
191 There are a couple of other directory-oriented helper functions:
193 struct dentry *debugfs_rename(struct dentry *old_dir,
194 struct dentry *old_dentry,
195 struct dentry *new_dir,
196 const char *new_name);
198 struct dentry *debugfs_create_symlink(const char *name,
199 struct dentry *parent,
202 A call to debugfs_rename() will give a new name to an existing debugfs
203 file, possibly in a different directory. The new_name must not exist prior
204 to the call; the return value is old_dentry with updated information.
205 Symbolic links can be created with debugfs_create_symlink().
207 There is one important thing that all debugfs users must take into account:
208 there is no automatic cleanup of any directories created in debugfs. If a
209 module is unloaded without explicitly removing debugfs entries, the result
210 will be a lot of stale pointers and no end of highly antisocial behavior.
211 So all debugfs users - at least those which can be built as modules - must
212 be prepared to remove all files and directories they create there. A file
215 void debugfs_remove(struct dentry *dentry);
217 The dentry value can be NULL, in which case nothing will be removed.
219 Once upon a time, debugfs users were required to remember the dentry
220 pointer for every debugfs file they created so that all files could be
221 cleaned up. We live in more civilized times now, though, and debugfs users
224 void debugfs_remove_recursive(struct dentry *dentry);
226 If this function is passed a pointer for the dentry corresponding to the
227 top-level directory, the entire hierarchy below that directory will be
231 [1] http://lwn.net/Articles/309298/