4 This document explains how GPIOs can be assigned to given devices and functions.
5 Note that it only applies to the new descriptor-based interface. For a
6 description of the deprecated integer-based GPIO interface please refer to
7 gpio-legacy.txt (actually, there is no real mapping possible with the old
8 interface; you just fetch an integer from somewhere and request the
11 Platforms that make use of GPIOs must select ARCH_REQUIRE_GPIOLIB (if GPIO usage
12 is mandatory) or ARCH_WANT_OPTIONAL_GPIOLIB (if GPIO support can be omitted) in
13 their Kconfig. Then, how GPIOs are mapped depends on what the platform uses to
14 describe its hardware layout. Currently, mappings can be defined through device
15 tree, ACPI, and platform data.
19 GPIOs can easily be mapped to devices and functions in the device tree. The
20 exact way to do it depends on the GPIO controller providing the GPIOs, see the
21 device tree bindings for your controller.
23 GPIOs mappings are defined in the consumer device's node, in a property named
24 <function>-gpios, where <function> is the function the driver will request
25 through gpiod_get(). For example:
28 compatible = "acme,foo";
30 led-gpios = <&gpio 15 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* red */
31 <&gpio 16 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* green */
32 <&gpio 17 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; /* blue */
34 power-gpios = <&gpio 1 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
37 This property will make GPIOs 15, 16 and 17 available to the driver under the
38 "led" function, and GPIO 1 as the "power" GPIO:
40 struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
42 red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0);
43 green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1);
44 blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2);
46 power = gpiod_get(dev, "power");
48 The led GPIOs will be active-high, while the power GPIO will be active-low (i.e.
49 gpiod_is_active_low(power) will be true).
53 ACPI also supports function names for GPIOs in a similar fashion to DT.
54 The above DT example can be converted to an equivalent ACPI description
55 with the help of _DSD (Device Specific Data), introduced in ACPI 5.1:
58 Name (_CRS, ResourceTemplate () {
59 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
60 "\\_SB.GPI0") {15} // red
61 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
62 "\\_SB.GPI0") {16} // green
63 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
64 "\\_SB.GPI0") {17} // blue
65 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
66 "\\_SB.GPI0") {1} // power
69 Name (_DSD, Package () {
70 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
82 Package () {^FOO, 3, 0, 0},
88 For more information about the ACPI GPIO bindings see
89 Documentation/acpi/gpio-properties.txt.
93 Finally, GPIOs can be bound to devices and functions using platform data. Board
94 files that desire to do so need to include the following header:
96 #include <linux/gpio/machine.h>
98 GPIOs are mapped by the means of tables of lookups, containing instances of the
99 gpiod_lookup structure. Two macros are defined to help declaring such mappings:
101 GPIO_LOOKUP(chip_label, chip_hwnum, dev_id, con_id, flags)
102 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX(chip_label, chip_hwnum, dev_id, con_id, idx, flags)
106 - chip_label is the label of the gpiod_chip instance providing the GPIO
107 - chip_hwnum is the hardware number of the GPIO within the chip
108 - dev_id is the identifier of the device that will make use of this GPIO. It
109 can be NULL, in which case it will be matched for calls to gpiod_get()
111 - con_id is the name of the GPIO function from the device point of view. It
112 can be NULL, in which case it will match any function.
113 - idx is the index of the GPIO within the function.
114 - flags is defined to specify the following properties:
115 * GPIOF_ACTIVE_LOW - to configure the GPIO as active-low
116 * GPIOF_OPEN_DRAIN - GPIO pin is open drain type.
117 * GPIOF_OPEN_SOURCE - GPIO pin is open source type.
119 In the future, these flags might be extended to support more properties.
121 Note that GPIO_LOOKUP() is just a shortcut to GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX() where idx = 0.
123 A lookup table can then be defined as follows, with an empty entry defining its
126 struct gpiod_lookup_table gpios_table = {
129 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 15, "led", 0, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
130 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 16, "led", 1, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
131 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 17, "led", 2, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
132 GPIO_LOOKUP("gpio.0", 1, "power", GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW),
137 And the table can be added by the board code as follows:
139 gpiod_add_lookup_table(&gpios_table);
141 The driver controlling "foo.0" will then be able to obtain its GPIOs as follows:
143 struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
145 red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0);
146 green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1);
147 blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2);
149 power = gpiod_get(dev, "power");
150 gpiod_direction_output(power, 1);
152 Since the "power" GPIO is mapped as active-low, its actual signal will be 0
153 after this code. Contrary to the legacy integer GPIO interface, the active-low
154 property is handled during mapping and is thus transparent to GPIO consumers.