4 This document explains how GPIOs can be assigned to given devices and functions.
5 Note that it only applies to the new descriptor-based interface. For a
6 description of the deprecated integer-based GPIO interface please refer to
7 gpio-legacy.txt (actually, there is no real mapping possible with the old
8 interface; you just fetch an integer from somewhere and request the
11 Platforms that make use of GPIOs must select ARCH_REQUIRE_GPIOLIB (if GPIO usage
12 is mandatory) or ARCH_WANT_OPTIONAL_GPIOLIB (if GPIO support can be omitted) in
13 their Kconfig. Then, how GPIOs are mapped depends on what the platform uses to
14 describe its hardware layout. Currently, mappings can be defined through device
15 tree, ACPI, and platform data.
19 GPIOs can easily be mapped to devices and functions in the device tree. The
20 exact way to do it depends on the GPIO controller providing the GPIOs, see the
21 device tree bindings for your controller.
23 GPIOs mappings are defined in the consumer device's node, in a property named
24 either <function>-gpios or <function>-gpio, where <function> is the function
25 the driver will request through gpiod_get(). For example:
28 compatible = "acme,foo";
30 led-gpios = <&gpio 15 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* red */
31 <&gpio 16 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* green */
32 <&gpio 17 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; /* blue */
34 power-gpio = <&gpio 1 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
37 This property will make GPIOs 15, 16 and 17 available to the driver under the
38 "led" function, and GPIO 1 as the "power" GPIO:
40 struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
42 red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
43 green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
44 blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
46 power = gpiod_get(dev, "power", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
48 The led GPIOs will be active-high, while the power GPIO will be active-low (i.e.
49 gpiod_is_active_low(power) will be true).
51 The second parameter of the gpiod_get() functions, the con_id string, has to be
52 the <function>-prefix of the GPIO suffixes ("gpios" or "gpio", automatically
53 looked up by the gpiod functions internally) used in the device tree. With above
54 "led-gpios" example, use the prefix without the "-" as con_id parameter: "led".
56 Internally, the GPIO subsystem prefixes the GPIO suffix ("gpios" or "gpio")
57 with the string passed in con_id to get the resulting string
58 (snprintf(... "%s-%s", con_id, gpio_suffixes[]).
62 ACPI also supports function names for GPIOs in a similar fashion to DT.
63 The above DT example can be converted to an equivalent ACPI description
64 with the help of _DSD (Device Specific Data), introduced in ACPI 5.1:
67 Name (_CRS, ResourceTemplate () {
68 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
69 "\\_SB.GPI0") {15} // red
70 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
71 "\\_SB.GPI0") {16} // green
72 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
73 "\\_SB.GPI0") {17} // blue
74 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
75 "\\_SB.GPI0") {1} // power
78 Name (_DSD, Package () {
79 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
91 Package () {^FOO, 3, 0, 0},
97 For more information about the ACPI GPIO bindings see
98 Documentation/acpi/gpio-properties.txt.
102 Finally, GPIOs can be bound to devices and functions using platform data. Board
103 files that desire to do so need to include the following header:
105 #include <linux/gpio/machine.h>
107 GPIOs are mapped by the means of tables of lookups, containing instances of the
108 gpiod_lookup structure. Two macros are defined to help declaring such mappings:
110 GPIO_LOOKUP(chip_label, chip_hwnum, dev_id, con_id, flags)
111 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX(chip_label, chip_hwnum, dev_id, con_id, idx, flags)
115 - chip_label is the label of the gpiod_chip instance providing the GPIO
116 - chip_hwnum is the hardware number of the GPIO within the chip
117 - dev_id is the identifier of the device that will make use of this GPIO. It
118 can be NULL, in which case it will be matched for calls to gpiod_get()
120 - con_id is the name of the GPIO function from the device point of view. It
121 can be NULL, in which case it will match any function.
122 - idx is the index of the GPIO within the function.
123 - flags is defined to specify the following properties:
124 * GPIOF_ACTIVE_LOW - to configure the GPIO as active-low
125 * GPIOF_OPEN_DRAIN - GPIO pin is open drain type.
126 * GPIOF_OPEN_SOURCE - GPIO pin is open source type.
128 In the future, these flags might be extended to support more properties.
130 Note that GPIO_LOOKUP() is just a shortcut to GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX() where idx = 0.
132 A lookup table can then be defined as follows, with an empty entry defining its
135 struct gpiod_lookup_table gpios_table = {
138 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 15, "led", 0, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
139 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 16, "led", 1, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
140 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 17, "led", 2, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
141 GPIO_LOOKUP("gpio.0", 1, "power", GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW),
146 And the table can be added by the board code as follows:
148 gpiod_add_lookup_table(&gpios_table);
150 The driver controlling "foo.0" will then be able to obtain its GPIOs as follows:
152 struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
154 red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
155 green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
156 blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
158 power = gpiod_get(dev, "power", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
160 Since the "led" GPIOs are mapped as active-high, this example will switch their
161 signals to 1, i.e. enabling the LEDs. And for the "power" GPIO, which is mapped
162 as active-low, its actual signal will be 0 after this code. Contrary to the legacy
163 integer GPIO interface, the active-low property is handled during mapping and is
164 thus transparent to GPIO consumers.