4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
21 log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
22 can also be entered as
23 log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
26 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
27 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
28 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
29 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
30 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
31 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
33 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
34 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
35 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
36 parameter is applicable:
38 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
39 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
40 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
41 APIC APIC support is enabled.
42 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
43 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
44 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
45 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
46 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
47 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
48 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
49 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
50 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
51 GCOV GCOV profiling is enabled.
52 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
53 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
54 IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
55 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
56 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
57 IPV6 IPv6 support is enabled.
58 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
59 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
60 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
61 KGDB Kernel debugger support is enabled.
62 KVM Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
63 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
64 LP Printer support is enabled.
65 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
66 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
67 These options have more detailed description inside of
68 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
69 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
70 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
71 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
72 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
73 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
74 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
75 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
76 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
77 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
78 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
79 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
80 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
81 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
82 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
83 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
84 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
85 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
86 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
87 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
88 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
89 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
90 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
91 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
93 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
94 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
95 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
96 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
97 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
98 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
99 SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
100 SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
101 FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
102 TPM TPM drivers are enabled.
103 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
104 UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
105 USB USB support is enabled.
106 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
107 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
108 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
109 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
110 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
111 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
112 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
113 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
114 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
115 Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
116 X86 Either 32bit or 64bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
118 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
120 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
121 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
122 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
124 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
125 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
126 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
127 need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
129 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
130 See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
132 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
133 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
134 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
135 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
136 running once the system is up.
138 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
139 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
140 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
141 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
142 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
146 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
147 Format: { force | off | strict | noirq | rsdt }
148 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
149 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
150 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
151 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
152 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
153 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
154 copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory
156 See also Documentation/power/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
158 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
160 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
161 1,0: use 1st APIC table
164 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
165 acpi_backlight=vendor
167 If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
168 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
169 of the ACPI video.ko driver.
171 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
172 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
174 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
175 debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
176 _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
177 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
178 Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
179 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
180 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
181 The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
182 Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
183 debug layers and levels.
185 Enable processor driver info messages:
186 acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
187 Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
188 acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
189 Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
190 object while interpreting AML:
191 acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
192 Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
193 acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
195 Some values produce so much output that the system is
196 unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
197 if you need to capture more output.
199 acpi_display_output= [HW,ACPI]
200 acpi_display_output=vendor
201 acpi_display_output=video
204 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
205 ACPI will balance active IRQs
208 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
209 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
212 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
213 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
215 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
217 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
219 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
221 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
222 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
224 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
225 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
226 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
227 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
230 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
231 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
232 and always returns good values.
234 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
235 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
237 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
239 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
240 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
241 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
243 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
244 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
245 old_ordering, s4_nonvs, sci_force_enable }
246 See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
248 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
249 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
250 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
251 used during resume from hibernation.
252 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
253 control method, with respect to putting devices into
254 low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
255 of _PTS is used by default).
256 nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
257 ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.
258 sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly
259 on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,
260 but some broken systems don't work without it).
262 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
263 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
264 that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
266 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
267 { strict | lax | no }
268 Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
269 and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
270 only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
271 used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
272 can interfere with legacy drivers.
273 strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
274 is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
275 resources will fail to bind to device using them.
276 lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
277 legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
278 will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
279 no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
280 no further checks are performed.
283 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
285 add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
286 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
289 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
291 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
292 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
293 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
296 { off | try_unsupported }
297 off: disable AGP support
298 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
299 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
302 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
305 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
308 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
311 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
314 Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler
315 behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings,
316 bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault.
318 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-84]
319 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
321 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
322 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
323 flushed before they will be reused, which
325 off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in
328 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
329 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
331 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
333 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
334 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
335 connected to one of 16 gameports
336 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
339 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
341 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
342 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
343 APC and your system crashes randomly.
345 apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
346 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
347 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
348 Change the amount of debugging information output
349 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
352 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
354 show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
355 Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal
356 number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible
357 to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
358 Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.
359 The parameter valid if only apic=debug or
360 apic=verbose is specified.
361 Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all
363 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
364 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
366 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
367 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
371 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
373 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
375 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
376 EzKey and similar keyboards
378 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
380 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
381 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
383 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
386 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
387 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
389 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
390 Use software keyboard repeat
394 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
397 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
399 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
401 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
402 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
403 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
404 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
406 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
407 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
408 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
409 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
411 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
412 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
416 bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
418 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
419 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
421 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
422 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
425 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
426 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
428 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
430 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
431 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
432 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
433 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
434 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
435 This option provides an override for these situations.
438 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
439 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
440 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
441 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
443 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
444 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
446 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
447 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
448 {Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
450 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
451 Format: { "0" | "1" }
452 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
453 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
454 any implied execute protection).
455 1 -- check protection requested by application.
456 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
457 Value can be changed at runtime via
458 /selinux/checkreqprot.
461 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
463 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
465 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
466 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
467 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
468 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
470 clocksource= Override the default clocksource
472 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
473 with the name specified.
474 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
476 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
478 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
479 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
481 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc,vmi-timer;
482 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
490 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
491 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
492 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h for the valid bit
493 numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
494 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
496 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
497 or using the feature without checking anything
498 will still see it. This just prevents it from
499 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
500 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
503 cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no }
504 Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
505 when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments
506 to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
510 code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
515 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
517 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
519 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
523 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
524 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
526 condev= [HW,S390] console device
529 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
531 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
535 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
536 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
537 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
538 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
539 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
541 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
543 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
546 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
547 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
548 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
549 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
550 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
551 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
553 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
554 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
556 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
558 consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
559 seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
560 disables the blank timer.
563 [KNL] Change the default value for
564 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
565 See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
567 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
569 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
571 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
572 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
573 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
575 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
576 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
577 in the running system. The syntax of range is
578 start-[end] where start and end are both
579 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
580 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for a example.
585 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
586 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
589 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
591 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
592 (one device per port)
593 Format: <port#>,<type>
594 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
596 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
599 [KNL] verbose self-tests
601 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
603 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
604 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
605 only useful to kernel developers.
607 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
610 [KNL] Disable object debugging
612 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
614 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
615 Format: <area>[,<node>]
616 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
619 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
620 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
621 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
622 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
623 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
627 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
630 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
632 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
633 See drivers/char/README.epca and
634 Documentation/serial/digiepca.txt.
637 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
640 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
642 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
643 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
644 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
645 entry later. This parameter disables that.
647 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
648 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
649 memory out of your available memory pool based on
650 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
651 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
653 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
654 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
655 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
657 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
659 dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
660 this option disables the debugging code at boot.
662 dma_debug_entries=<number>
663 This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
664 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
665 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
666 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
667 architectural default is too low.
669 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
670 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
671 filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
672 pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
673 The filter can be disabled or changed to another
674 driver later using sysfs.
680 dynamic_printk Enables pr_debug()/dev_dbg() calls if
681 CONFIG_DYNAMIC_PRINTK_DEBUG has been enabled.
682 These can also be switched on/off via
683 <debugfs>/dynamic_printk/modules
685 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
686 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
687 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
688 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
689 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
690 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
692 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN]
694 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
695 earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate]
696 earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#]
698 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
701 Only vga or serial or usb debug port at a time.
703 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
705 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
708 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
711 ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging
714 This is desgined to be used in conjunction with
715 the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga
720 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
722 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
723 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
726 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
727 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
730 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
731 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
732 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
734 elfcorehdr= [IA64,PPC,SH,X86]
735 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
736 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
737 pass this option to capture kernel.
738 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
740 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
741 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
742 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
743 entry later. This parameter enables that.
745 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
746 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
747 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
748 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
749 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
751 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
753 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
754 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
755 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
757 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
760 Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST)
763 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
764 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
765 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
769 fail_make_request=[KNL]
770 General fault injection mechanism.
771 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
772 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
775 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
778 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
781 See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
783 force_pal_cache_flush
784 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
785 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
786 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
787 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
790 [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
791 as early as possible in order to facilitate early
794 ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu]
795 [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
796 If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump
797 buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will
798 dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the
801 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
802 [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
803 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
804 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
805 time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
808 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
809 [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
810 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
811 by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
814 ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
815 [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced
816 by the function graph tracer at boot up.
817 function-list is a comma separated list of functions
818 that can be changed at run time by the
819 set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory.
822 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
823 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
824 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
825 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
829 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
833 gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
834 kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
835 debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
836 When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
837 debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
840 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
842 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
843 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
847 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
848 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
849 for 64bit NUMA, off otherwise.
850 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
852 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
854 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
855 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
858 Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support;
859 corresponding firmware-first mode error processing
860 logic will be disabled.
862 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
863 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
864 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
865 size on bigger boxes.
867 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
868 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
872 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
876 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
877 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
879 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
880 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
882 verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
884 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
885 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
886 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
887 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
888 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
889 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
890 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag)
891 Note that 1GB pages can only be allocated at boot time
892 using hugepages= and not freed afterwards.
894 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
895 terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
896 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
897 If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
898 from listed z/VM user IDs only.
900 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
901 or register an additional I2C bus that is not
902 registered from board initialization code.
906 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
907 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
908 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
909 keyboard and cannot control its state
910 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
911 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
912 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
913 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
915 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
917 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
920 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
921 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
922 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
923 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
927 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
928 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
930 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
931 does not match list of supported models.
933 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
934 (disabled by default)
935 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
938 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
939 See Documentation/mca.txt.
942 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
944 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
945 Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
946 .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
947 .cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
948 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
950 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
951 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
954 Format: idle=poll, idle=mwait, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
955 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
956 improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
957 will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
959 idle=mwait: On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but
960 the kernel chose to not use it because it doesn't save
961 as much power as a normal idle loop, use the
962 MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be
963 the same as idle=poll.
964 idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
965 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
966 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
968 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
969 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
970 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
973 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
976 Format: { "0" | "1" }
977 0 -- integrity auditing messages. (Default)
978 1 -- enable informational integrity auditing messages.
981 Format: { "sha1" | "md5" }
985 Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
986 Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
987 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
988 opened for read by uid=0.
991 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
995 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
998 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
999 for working out where the kernel is dying during
1002 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
1004 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
1007 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
1009 Enable intel iommu driver.
1011 Disable intel iommu driver.
1012 igfx_off [Default Off]
1013 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
1014 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
1015 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
1016 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
1019 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
1020 for io virtual address below 32 bit forcing dual
1021 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
1022 than 32 bit addressing. The default is to look
1023 for translation below 32 bit and if not available
1024 then look in the higher range.
1025 strict [Default Off]
1026 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
1027 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
1028 to batching them for performance.
1032 iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
1033 strict regions from userspace.
1049 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
1050 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
1051 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
1053 io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
1055 Standard port 0x80 based delay
1057 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
1059 Simple two microseconds delay
1064 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1066 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
1067 See comment before ip2_setup() in
1068 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
1070 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
1071 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
1074 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1075 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1079 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1080 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
1081 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1085 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
1087 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
1089 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1091 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1092 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
1094 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
1096 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
1097 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
1098 algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
1099 "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
1100 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
1101 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
1103 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
1104 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
1105 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
1106 suboptimal load balancer performance.
1110 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
1111 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
1115 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1116 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
1117 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
1118 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
1119 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
1120 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
1121 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
1122 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
1123 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
1124 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
1125 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
1126 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
1127 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
1128 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
1129 zone if it does not.
1131 kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port.
1132 Format: <Controller#>[,poll interval]
1133 The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug
1134 port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is
1135 optional and is the number seconds in between
1136 each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need
1137 the functionality for interrupting the kernel with
1138 gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When
1139 not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into
1140 the kernel debugger.
1142 kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles.
1143 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling,
1144 or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb).
1145 Serial only format: <serial_device>[,baud]
1146 keyboard only format: kbd
1147 keyboard and serial format: kbd,<serial_device>[,baud]
1149 kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the
1150 kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity.
1152 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
1153 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1154 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
1156 kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
1157 Valid arguments: on, off
1160 kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
1163 kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
1164 Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
1166 kvm.oos_shadow= [KVM] Disable out-of-sync shadow paging.
1167 Default is 1 (enabled)
1169 kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
1172 kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
1174 Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64bit or 32bit-PAE mode
1176 kvm-intel.bypass_guest_pf=
1177 [KVM,Intel] Disables bypassing of guest page faults
1178 on Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
1180 kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
1181 (virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
1182 Default is 1 (enabled)
1184 kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
1185 [KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states
1186 Default is 0 (disabled)
1188 kvm-intel.flexpriority=
1189 [KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow).
1190 Default is 1 (enabled)
1192 kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
1193 [KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature
1194 (virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable
1195 Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
1197 kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
1198 feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips.
1199 Default is 1 (enabled)
1205 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
1208 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
1211 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
1212 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
1213 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
1214 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
1215 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
1216 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
1217 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
1219 libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit
1220 libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default)
1221 libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk
1223 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1227 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
1228 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
1229 PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
1230 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1231 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1232 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1233 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1234 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1236 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1237 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1238 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1239 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1240 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1241 host link and device attached to it.
1243 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1244 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1245 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1246 The following configurations can be forced.
1248 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
1249 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
1251 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
1253 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
1254 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
1257 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
1259 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
1262 * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data.
1264 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
1265 the same attribute, the last one is used.
1267 memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages.
1269 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
1270 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1272 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
1275 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
1278 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
1281 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
1284 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
1287 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
1288 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
1289 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
1290 loglevels are defined as follows:
1292 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
1293 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
1294 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
1295 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
1296 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
1297 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
1298 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
1299 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
1301 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
1302 Format: { n | nk | nM }
1303 n must be a power of two. The default size
1304 is set in the kernel config file.
1306 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
1307 This may be used to provide more screen space for
1308 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
1309 kernel boot problems.
1311 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
1312 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
1313 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
1314 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
1315 specified in addition to the ports) causes
1316 attached printers to be reset. Using
1317 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
1318 to associate lp devices with, starting with
1319 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
1320 that lp device, or a parport name such as
1321 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
1322 port specification list means that device IDs
1323 from each port should be examined, to see if
1324 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
1325 so, the driver will manage that printer.
1326 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
1329 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
1330 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
1331 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
1332 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
1333 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
1334 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
1335 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
1336 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
1337 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
1338 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
1339 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
1343 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1345 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
1346 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
1348 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
1349 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
1350 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
1352 machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different
1354 Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
1356 max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
1357 than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
1359 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1360 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
1361 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
1362 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
1365 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
1369 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
1370 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
1373 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
1374 Should be between 1 and 16384.
1378 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1380 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
1382 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
1383 See Documentation/md.txt.
1386 Format: <first>,<last>
1387 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
1389 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
1390 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
1391 to see the whole system memory or for test.
1392 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
1393 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1394 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1396 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
1400 [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
1401 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
1403 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
1404 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1405 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1406 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1409 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1410 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1411 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1413 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1414 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1415 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1417 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1418 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1419 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1420 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
1421 memmap=64K$0x18690000
1423 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
1425 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
1426 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
1427 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
1428 Setting this option will scan the memory
1429 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
1430 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
1431 from using the memory being corrupted.
1432 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
1433 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
1434 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
1435 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
1437 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
1438 By default it checks for corruption in the low
1439 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
1440 use. Use this parameter to scan for
1441 corruption in more or less memory.
1443 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
1444 By default it checks for corruption every 60
1445 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
1446 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
1448 memtest= [KNL,X86] Enable memtest
1450 default : 0 <disable>
1451 Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
1452 performed. Each pass selects another test
1453 pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
1454 fills the memory with this pattern, validates
1455 memory contents and reserves bad memory
1456 regions that are detected.
1458 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1459 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1461 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1462 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1465 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
1466 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
1467 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
1468 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
1472 min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
1473 physical address is ignored.
1475 mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL]
1476 Format:[0..2][b][c][t]
1478 MINI2440 configuration specification:
1479 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
1480 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
1481 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
1482 Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load
1483 the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left
1485 b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
1486 linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO
1487 LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the
1489 c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
1490 t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
1491 touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
1492 kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
1493 in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
1494 http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
1497 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
1498 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
1499 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
1500 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
1501 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
1502 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
1505 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1506 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1507 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1508 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1510 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1511 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1512 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1513 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1515 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1516 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
1517 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
1518 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
1519 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
1520 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
1521 is specified, the administrator must be careful
1522 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
1528 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1529 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1531 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1532 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1535 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
1537 onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
1539 Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock]
1541 boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
1542 The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks.
1543 lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
1544 Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed.
1545 1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status.
1548 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
1550 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
1552 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1553 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1554 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1556 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1557 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
1558 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
1560 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1561 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
1563 Large value could prevent small alignment from
1566 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
1568 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
1570 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
1571 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
1573 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1576 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
1580 ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
1582 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
1584 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1586 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1588 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1589 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1590 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1591 something different and driver-specific.
1592 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1596 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
1597 0 to disable accounting
1598 1 to enable accounting
1599 Default value depends on CONFIG_NF_CT_ACCT that is
1600 going to be removed in 2.6.29.
1603 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1605 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1606 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1608 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1609 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1610 channel should listen.
1613 [NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used
1614 to update the NFS client cache entries.
1616 nfs.cache_getent_timeout=
1617 [NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to
1618 update a cache entry is deemed to have failed.
1620 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1621 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1625 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1626 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1627 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1628 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1629 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1631 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take
1632 when a NMI is triggered.
1633 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
1635 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1636 Format: [panic,][num]
1638 0 - turn nmi_watchdog off
1639 1 - use the IO-APIC timer for the NMI watchdog
1640 2 - use the local APIC for the NMI watchdog using
1641 a performance counter. Note: This will use one
1642 performance counter and the local APIC's performance
1644 When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
1646 This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
1647 need the box quickly up again.
1648 Instead of 1 and 2 it is possible to use the following
1649 symbolic names: lapic and ioapic
1650 Example: nmi_watchdog=2 or nmi_watchdog=panic,lapic
1652 netpoll.carrier_timeout=
1653 [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
1654 netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll
1657 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1658 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1662 [HW] Never suspend the console
1663 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
1664 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
1665 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
1666 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
1667 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
1668 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
1669 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
1671 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1672 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1673 but will impact performance.
1677 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1678 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1680 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1681 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1685 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
1687 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1689 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1691 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
1693 noefi [X86] Disable EFI runtime services support.
1698 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
1699 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1700 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
1703 This affects only 32-bit executables.
1704 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1705 read doesn't imply executable mappings
1706 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
1707 read implies executable mappings
1709 nofpu [SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
1711 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1712 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1713 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1715 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
1716 and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
1717 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
1719 nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
1720 wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1721 use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
1723 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1724 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1727 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
1728 only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
1729 is to be setuid root or executed by root.
1731 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1732 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1733 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1734 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1735 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1738 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1739 Valid arguments: on, off
1742 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
1744 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1745 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1747 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1748 broken timer IRQ sources.
1750 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1752 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1755 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
1760 nojitter [IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
1762 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1764 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1766 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1767 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1769 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1771 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1773 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1774 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1776 nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of
1777 pagetables) support.
1779 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
1780 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1782 noreplace-paravirt [X86-32,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1784 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1785 with UP alternatives
1787 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1789 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1792 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1793 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1794 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1798 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1800 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1801 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
1803 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1805 noswapaccount [KNL] Disable accounting of swap in memory resource
1806 controller. (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
1808 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1810 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1812 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1816 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
1818 nptcg= [IA64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
1819 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
1822 nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1823 could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
1824 supporting 'n' processors. Later in runtime you can not
1825 use hotplug cpu feature to put more cpu back to online.
1826 just like you compile the kernel NR_CPUS=n
1828 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1830 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1831 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1832 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1833 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1835 ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
1836 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
1839 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
1840 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
1841 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
1842 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
1843 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
1844 interrupts *may* be lost!
1846 omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
1847 Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
1848 For example, to override I2C bus2:
1849 omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
1854 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1855 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1857 oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
1858 This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
1859 userland or if you want common events.
1860 Format: { arch_perfmon }
1861 arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
1862 perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
1863 CPU specific event set.
1865 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1866 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1867 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1869 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1872 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1873 connected to, default is 0.
1875 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1876 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1879 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1880 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1881 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1882 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1883 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1884 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1885 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1886 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1887 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1888 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1889 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1890 are specified on the command line, starting
1893 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1894 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1895 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1896 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1897 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1898 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1899 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1901 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1902 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1905 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1908 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1909 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1910 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1915 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1916 See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1918 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1919 earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
1921 off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
1922 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1923 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1924 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1925 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1926 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1927 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1928 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1929 conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
1931 conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
1933 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
1934 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1935 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
1936 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
1937 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
1938 nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1940 check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
1941 properly configured MMIO access to PCI
1942 config space on AMD family 10h CPU
1943 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1944 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1945 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1946 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
1947 Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
1948 should never be necessary.
1949 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
1950 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
1951 boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
1952 when the system masks IRQs.
1953 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
1954 boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
1955 a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
1956 The opposite of ioapicreroute.
1957 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1958 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1959 on several machines and they hang the machine
1960 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1961 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1962 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1963 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1965 rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1966 Use with caution as certain devices share
1967 address decoders between ROMs and other
1969 norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
1970 expansion ROMs that do not already have
1971 BIOS assigned address ranges.
1972 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1973 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1974 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1976 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
1977 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1978 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1979 F0000h-100000h range.
1980 lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1981 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1982 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1983 explicitly which ones they are.
1984 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
1985 numbers ourselves, overriding
1986 whatever the firmware may have done.
1987 usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1988 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1989 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1990 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1991 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1992 IRQ routing is enabled.
1993 noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1994 or for PCI scanning.
1995 use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
1996 from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
1997 is enabled by default. If you need to use this,
1998 please report a bug.
1999 nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
2000 If you need to use this, please report a bug.
2001 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
2002 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
2003 so this option is a temporary workaround
2004 for broken drivers that don't call it.
2005 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
2006 handle more pci cards
2007 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
2008 just use the configuration from the
2009 bootloader. This is currently used on
2010 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
2011 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
2012 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
2013 This might help on some broken boards which
2014 machine check when some devices' config space
2015 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
2016 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
2017 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
2018 This sorting is done to get a device
2019 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
2020 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
2021 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2022 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
2023 The default value is 256 bytes.
2024 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2025 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
2026 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
2029 [<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
2030 Specifies alignment and device to reassign
2031 aligned memory resources.
2032 If <order of align> is not specified,
2033 PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
2034 PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
2035 windows need to be expanded.
2036 ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
2037 end-to-end CRC checking).
2038 bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
2043 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
2046 force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
2047 WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
2049 pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
2050 Format: {auto|force}[,nomsi]
2051 auto Use native PCIe PME signaling if the BIOS allows the
2052 kernel to control PCIe config registers of root ports.
2053 force Use native PCIe PME signaling even if the BIOS refuses
2054 to allow the kernel to control the relevant PCIe config
2056 nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
2057 all PCIe root ports use INTx for everything).
2059 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
2062 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2064 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
2067 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
2069 percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
2070 Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
2071 Archs may support subset or none of the selections.
2072 See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
2073 allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging
2074 and performance comparison.
2077 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2080 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2082 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
2083 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
2085 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
2086 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
2087 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
2089 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
2090 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
2094 Enable PNP debug messages. This depends on the
2095 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option.
2101 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
2104 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
2107 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
2109 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
2110 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
2113 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
2115 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
2117 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
2119 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
2121 Format: <port>,<port>....
2123 print-fatal-signals=
2124 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
2126 If enabled, warn about various signal handling
2127 related application anomalies: too many signals,
2128 too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
2131 If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
2132 you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
2136 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
2137 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
2139 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
2140 Limit processor to maximum C-state
2141 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
2143 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
2144 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
2145 instead using the legacy FADT method
2147 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
2148 Format: [schedule,]<number>
2149 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
2150 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
2151 statistical time based profiling.
2152 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
2153 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
2154 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
2156 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
2158 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2160 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
2161 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
2162 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
2164 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
2165 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
2168 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
2169 psmouse.smartscroll=
2170 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
2171 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
2173 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
2175 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
2178 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2181 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
2184 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
2189 See Documentation/md.txt.
2191 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
2192 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2194 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
2195 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2197 rcupdate.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
2198 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
2201 rcupdate.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
2202 Set threshold of queued
2203 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
2205 rcupdate.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
2206 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
2207 batch limiting is re-enabled.
2211 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
2212 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
2214 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
2215 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
2216 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
2219 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
2220 See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
2222 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
2224 reservetop= [X86-32]
2226 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
2229 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
2230 during initialization.
2233 Specify the partition device for software suspend
2235 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
2236 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
2237 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
2238 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
2239 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
2241 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
2243 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2244 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
2246 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
2247 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
2249 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
2251 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
2253 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
2254 mount the root filesystem
2256 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
2258 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
2260 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
2261 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
2262 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
2264 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
2266 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
2269 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
2271 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
2273 sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
2275 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
2276 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
2278 scsi_default_dev_flags=
2279 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
2282 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
2283 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
2284 (flags are integer value)
2286 scsi_logging_level= [SCSI] a bit mask of logging levels
2287 See drivers/scsi/scsi_logging.h for bits. Also
2288 settable via sysctl at dev.scsi.logging_level
2289 (/proc/sys/dev/scsi/logging_level).
2290 There is also a nice 'scsi_logging_level' script in the
2291 S390-tools package, available for download at
2292 http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/s390-tools-1.5.4.html
2294 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
2295 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
2296 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
2297 user space to do the scan.
2299 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
2300 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
2301 security module asking for security registration will be
2302 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
2303 as if no module has been chosen.
2305 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
2306 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2307 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
2310 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2311 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
2312 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
2314 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
2317 Maximal number of shapers.
2319 show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
2320 Format: { <integer> }
2321 Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
2322 The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
2323 for example 1 means boot CPU only.
2326 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
2333 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
2334 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
2335 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
2336 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
2337 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
2338 last alloc / free. For more information see
2339 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2341 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
2342 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
2343 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
2344 fragmentation. For more information see
2345 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2347 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
2348 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
2349 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
2350 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
2351 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
2352 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
2353 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
2354 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2356 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
2357 Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
2358 lower than slub_max_order.
2359 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2361 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
2362 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
2363 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
2364 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
2365 merging on their own.
2366 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2369 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
2371 smp-alt-once [X86-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
2372 attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
2374 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
2375 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
2376 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
2377 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
2378 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
2379 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
2380 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
2381 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
2382 1: Fast pin select (default)
2385 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
2387 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
2389 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
2391 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
2393 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
2395 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
2397 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
2399 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
2401 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
2403 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
2405 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
2407 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
2409 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
2411 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
2413 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
2415 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
2417 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
2419 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
2421 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
2423 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
2425 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
2427 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
2429 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
2431 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
2433 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
2435 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
2437 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
2441 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
2443 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
2445 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
2450 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
2452 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
2454 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
2456 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
2458 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
2460 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
2468 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
2472 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
2474 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
2476 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
2482 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
2484 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
2486 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
2488 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
2493 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
2495 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
2497 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
2499 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
2501 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
2503 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
2505 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
2508 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
2510 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
2511 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
2513 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
2514 See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
2516 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
2522 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
2524 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
2525 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
2528 Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
2532 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
2533 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
2534 as the initial boot-console.
2535 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2538 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2541 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
2543 sunrpc.min_resvport=
2544 sunrpc.max_resvport=
2546 SunRPC servers often require that client requests
2547 originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
2548 range 0 < portnr < 1024).
2549 An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
2550 ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
2551 kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
2552 using these two parameters to set the minimum and
2553 maximum port values.
2557 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
2558 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
2559 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
2560 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
2561 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
2562 NFS server is running.
2564 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
2565 automatically using heuristics
2566 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
2567 percpu one pool for each CPU
2568 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
2569 to global on non-NUMA machines)
2571 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
2572 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
2574 Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
2575 RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
2576 server. Increasing these values may allow you to
2577 improve throughput, but will also increase the
2578 amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
2580 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
2584 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
2585 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
2587 sysrq_always_enabled
2589 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
2590 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
2591 Useful for debugging.
2594 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
2598 test_suspend= [SUSPEND]
2599 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
2600 standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
2601 enter during system startup. The system is woken from
2602 this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
2604 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2605 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
2607 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
2608 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
2609 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
2611 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
2612 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
2613 <degrees C>: override all critical trip points
2615 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
2616 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
2617 critical and hot trip points.
2619 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
2620 1: disable ACPI thermal control
2622 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
2623 -1: disable all passive trip points
2624 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
2627 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
2628 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
2629 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
2630 0: no polling (default)
2633 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
2634 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
2638 Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
2639 topology informations if the hardware supports these.
2640 The scheduler will make use of these informations and
2641 e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
2646 tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM]
2647 Format: integer pcr id
2648 Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver
2649 should extend the specified pcr with zeros,
2650 as a workaround for some chips which fail to
2651 flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState.
2652 This will guarantee that all the other pcrs
2655 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
2656 [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size.
2658 trace_event=[event-list]
2659 [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
2660 to facilitate early boot debugging.
2661 See also Documentation/trace/events.txt
2663 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
2665 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
2667 tsc= Disable clocksource-must-verify flag for TSC.
2669 [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
2670 disables clocksource verification at runtime.
2671 Used to enable high-resolution timer mode on older
2672 hardware, and in virtualized environment.
2674 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
2675 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
2677 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
2678 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
2680 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
2681 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
2689 uhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2690 Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
2693 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
2694 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
2695 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
2696 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
2697 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
2702 Set unknown_nmi_panic=1 early on boot.
2704 usbcore.autosuspend=
2705 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
2706 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
2707 is the time required before an idle device will be
2708 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
2709 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
2711 usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
2712 [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
2714 usbcore.blinkenlights=
2715 [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
2717 usbcore.old_scheme_first=
2718 [USB] Start with the old device initialization
2719 scheme (default 0 = off).
2721 usbcore.use_both_schemes=
2722 [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
2723 if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
2725 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
2726 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
2727 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
2728 (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
2731 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
2733 usb-storage.delay_use=
2734 [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
2735 scanned for Logical Units (default 5).
2738 [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
2739 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
2740 entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
2741 the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
2742 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
2743 Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
2744 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
2745 a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
2747 b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18
2748 bytes of sense data);
2749 c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
2750 device capacity by one sector);
2751 h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
2752 reported device capacity by one
2753 sector if the number is odd);
2754 i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
2756 l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
2757 unlock ejectable media);
2758 m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
2759 than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
2760 o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
2761 reported by the device);
2762 r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
2763 bogus residue values);
2764 s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
2766 w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
2767 medium is write-protected).
2768 Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
2771 [X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations.
2773 nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in
2774 HIGHMEM regardless of setting
2778 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2779 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
2780 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
2783 vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2784 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
2785 vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
2788 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
2790 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
2791 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
2793 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
2794 See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
2795 Documentation/svga.txt.
2796 Use vga=ask for menu.
2797 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
2798 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
2800 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
2801 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
2802 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
2803 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
2806 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
2809 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
2812 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
2815 vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape.
2816 Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as
2817 the parameters of the <Esc>[?A;B;Cc escape sequence;
2818 see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
2820 vt.default_blu= [VT]
2821 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
2822 Change the default blue palette of the console.
2823 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2826 vt.default_grn= [VT]
2827 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
2828 Change the default green palette of the console.
2829 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2832 vt.default_red= [VT]
2833 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
2834 Change the default red palette of the console.
2835 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2841 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
2842 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
2843 newly opened terminals.
2845 vt.global_cursor_default=
2848 Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
2849 is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
2850 i.e. cursors will be created by default unless
2851 overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide
2852 cursors, 1 will display them.
2854 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
2855 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
2858 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
2861 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
2863 watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers,
2864 see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt
2865 or other driver-specific files in the
2866 Documentation/watchdog/ directory.
2868 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
2869 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
2872 x86_mrst_timer= [X86-32,APBT]
2873 Choose timer option for x86 Moorestown MID platform.
2874 Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer
2875 plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer.
2876 x86_mrst_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt
2878 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
2879 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
2881 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
2883 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
2885 ______________________________________________________________________
2889 Add documentation for ALSA options.
2890 Add more DRM drivers.
projects / karo-tx-linux.git / blob