2 Network Devices, the Kernel, and You!
7 The following is a random collection of documentation regarding
10 struct net_device allocation rules
11 ==================================
12 Network device structures need to persist even after module is unloaded and
13 must be allocated with kmalloc. If device has registered successfully,
14 it will be freed on last use by free_netdev. This is required to handle the
15 pathologic case cleanly (example: rmmod mydriver </sys/class/net/myeth/mtu )
17 There are routines in net_init.c to handle the common cases of
18 alloc_etherdev, alloc_netdev. These reserve extra space for driver
19 private data which gets freed when the network device is freed. If
20 separately allocated data is attached to the network device
21 (netdev_priv(dev)) then it is up to the module exit handler to free that.
25 Each network device has a Maximum Transfer Unit. The MTU does not
26 include any link layer protocol overhead. Upper layer protocols must
27 not pass a socket buffer (skb) to a device to transmit with more data
28 than the mtu. The MTU does not include link layer header overhead, so
29 for example on Ethernet if the standard MTU is 1500 bytes used, the
30 actual skb will contain up to 1514 bytes because of the Ethernet
31 header. Devices should allow for the 4 byte VLAN header as well.
33 Segmentation Offload (GSO, TSO) is an exception to this rule. The
34 upper layer protocol may pass a large socket buffer to the device
35 transmit routine, and the device will break that up into separate
36 packets based on the current MTU.
38 MTU is symmetrical and applies both to receive and transmit. A device
39 must be able to receive at least the maximum size packet allowed by
40 the MTU. A network device may use the MTU as mechanism to size receive
41 buffers, but the device should allow packets with VLAN header. With
42 standard Ethernet mtu of 1500 bytes, the device should allow up to
43 1518 byte packets (1500 + 14 header + 4 tag). The device may either:
44 drop, truncate, or pass up oversize packets, but dropping oversize
48 struct net_device synchronization rules
49 =======================================
51 Synchronization: rtnl_lock() semaphore.
55 Synchronization: rtnl_lock() semaphore.
57 Note: netif_running() is guaranteed false
60 Synchronization: rtnl_lock() semaphore.
64 Synchronization: dev_base_lock rwlock.
65 Context: nominally process, but don't sleep inside an rwlock
68 Synchronization: __netif_tx_lock spinlock.
70 When the driver sets NETIF_F_LLTX in dev->features this will be
71 called without holding netif_tx_lock. In this case the driver
72 has to lock by itself when needed. It is recommended to use a try lock
73 for this and return NETDEV_TX_LOCKED when the spin lock fails.
74 The locking there should also properly protect against
75 set_rx_mode. Note that the use of NETIF_F_LLTX is deprecated.
76 Don't use it for new drivers.
78 Context: Process with BHs disabled or BH (timer),
79 will be called with interrupts disabled by netconsole.
82 o NETDEV_TX_OK everything ok.
83 o NETDEV_TX_BUSY Cannot transmit packet, try later
84 Usually a bug, means queue start/stop flow control is broken in
85 the driver. Note: the driver must NOT put the skb in its DMA ring.
86 o NETDEV_TX_LOCKED Locking failed, please retry quickly.
87 Only valid when NETIF_F_LLTX is set.
90 Synchronization: netif_tx_lock spinlock; all TX queues frozen.
92 Notes: netif_queue_stopped() is guaranteed true
95 Synchronization: netif_addr_lock spinlock.
98 struct napi_struct synchronization rules
99 ========================================
101 Synchronization: NAPI_STATE_SCHED bit in napi->state. Device
102 driver's ndo_stop method will invoke napi_disable() on
103 all NAPI instances which will do a sleeping poll on the
104 NAPI_STATE_SCHED napi->state bit, waiting for all pending
105 NAPI activity to cease.
107 will be called with interrupts disabled by netconsole.