1 Operating Performance Points (OPP) Library
2 ==========================================
4 (C) 2009-2010 Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>, Texas Instruments Incorporated
9 2. Initial OPP List Registration
10 3. OPP Search Functions
11 4. OPP Availability Control Functions
12 5. OPP Data Retrieval Functions
17 1.1 What is an Operating Performance Point (OPP)?
19 Complex SoCs of today consists of a multiple sub-modules working in conjunction.
20 In an operational system executing varied use cases, not all modules in the SoC
21 need to function at their highest performing frequency all the time. To
22 facilitate this, sub-modules in a SoC are grouped into domains, allowing some
23 domains to run at lower voltage and frequency while other domains run at
24 voltage/frequency pairs that are higher.
26 The set of discrete tuples consisting of frequency and voltage pairs that
27 the device will support per domain are called Operating Performance Points or
31 Let us consider an MPU device which supports the following:
32 {300MHz at minimum voltage of 1V}, {800MHz at minimum voltage of 1.2V},
33 {1GHz at minimum voltage of 1.3V}
35 We can represent these as three OPPs as the following {Hz, uV} tuples:
40 1.2 Operating Performance Points Library
42 OPP library provides a set of helper functions to organize and query the OPP
43 information. The library is located in drivers/base/power/opp.c and the header
44 is located in include/linux/pm_opp.h. OPP library can be enabled by enabling
45 CONFIG_PM_OPP from power management menuconfig menu. OPP library depends on
46 CONFIG_PM as certain SoCs such as Texas Instrument's OMAP framework allows to
47 optionally boot at a certain OPP without needing cpufreq.
49 Typical usage of the OPP library is as follows:
50 (users) -> registers a set of default OPPs -> (library)
51 SoC framework -> modifies on required cases certain OPPs -> OPP layer
52 -> queries to search/retrieve information ->
54 Architectures that provide a SoC framework for OPP should select ARCH_HAS_OPP
55 to make the OPP layer available.
57 OPP layer expects each domain to be represented by a unique device pointer. SoC
58 framework registers a set of initial OPPs per device with the OPP layer. This
59 list is expected to be an optimally small number typically around 5 per device.
60 This initial list contains a set of OPPs that the framework expects to be safely
61 enabled by default in the system.
63 Note on OPP Availability:
64 ------------------------
65 As the system proceeds to operate, SoC framework may choose to make certain
66 OPPs available or not available on each device based on various external
67 factors. Example usage: Thermal management or other exceptional situations where
68 SoC framework might choose to disable a higher frequency OPP to safely continue
69 operations until that OPP could be re-enabled if possible.
71 OPP library facilitates this concept in it's implementation. The following
72 operational functions operate only on available opps:
73 opp_find_freq_{ceil, floor}, dev_pm_opp_get_voltage, dev_pm_opp_get_freq, dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count
75 dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact is meant to be used to find the opp pointer which can then
76 be used for dev_pm_opp_enable/disable functions to make an opp available as required.
78 WARNING: Users of OPP library should refresh their availability count using
79 get_opp_count if dev_pm_opp_enable/disable functions are invoked for a device, the
80 exact mechanism to trigger these or the notification mechanism to other
81 dependent subsystems such as cpufreq are left to the discretion of the SoC
82 specific framework which uses the OPP library. Similar care needs to be taken
83 care to refresh the cpufreq table in cases of these operations.
85 WARNING on OPP List locking mechanism:
86 -------------------------------------------------
87 OPP library uses RCU for exclusivity. RCU allows the query functions to operate
88 in multiple contexts and this synchronization mechanism is optimal for a read
89 intensive operations on data structure as the OPP library caters to.
91 To ensure that the data retrieved are sane, the users such as SoC framework
92 should ensure that the section of code operating on OPP queries are locked
93 using RCU read locks. The opp_find_freq_{exact,ceil,floor},
94 opp_get_{voltage, freq, opp_count} fall into this category.
96 opp_{add,enable,disable} are updaters which use mutex and implement it's own
97 RCU locking mechanisms. These functions should *NOT* be called under RCU locks
98 and other contexts that prevent blocking functions in RCU or mutex operations
101 2. Initial OPP List Registration
102 ================================
103 The SoC implementation calls dev_pm_opp_add function iteratively to add OPPs per
104 device. It is expected that the SoC framework will register the OPP entries
105 optimally- typical numbers range to be less than 5. The list generated by
106 registering the OPPs is maintained by OPP library throughout the device
107 operation. The SoC framework can subsequently control the availability of the
108 OPPs dynamically using the dev_pm_opp_enable / disable functions.
110 dev_pm_opp_add - Add a new OPP for a specific domain represented by the device pointer.
111 The OPP is defined using the frequency and voltage. Once added, the OPP
112 is assumed to be available and control of it's availability can be done
113 with the dev_pm_opp_enable/disable functions. OPP library internally stores
114 and manages this information in the opp struct. This function may be
115 used by SoC framework to define a optimal list as per the demands of
116 SoC usage environment.
118 WARNING: Do not use this function in interrupt context.
124 r = dev_pm_opp_add(mpu_dev, 1000000, 900000);
126 pr_err("%s: unable to register mpu opp(%d)\n", r);
129 /* Do cpufreq things */
131 /* Do remaining things */
134 3. OPP Search Functions
135 =======================
136 High level framework such as cpufreq operates on frequencies. To map the
137 frequency back to the corresponding OPP, OPP library provides handy functions
138 to search the OPP list that OPP library internally manages. These search
139 functions return the matching pointer representing the opp if a match is
140 found, else returns error. These errors are expected to be handled by standard
141 error checks such as IS_ERR() and appropriate actions taken by the caller.
143 dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact - Search for an OPP based on an *exact* frequency and
144 availability. This function is especially useful to enable an OPP which
145 is not available by default.
146 Example: In a case when SoC framework detects a situation where a
147 higher frequency could be made available, it can use this function to
148 find the OPP prior to call the dev_pm_opp_enable to actually make it available.
150 opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact(dev, 1000000000, false);
152 /* dont operate on the pointer.. just do a sanity check.. */
154 pr_err("frequency not disabled!\n");
155 /* trigger appropriate actions.. */
157 dev_pm_opp_enable(dev,1000000000);
160 NOTE: This is the only search function that operates on OPPs which are
163 dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor - Search for an available OPP which is *at most* the
164 provided frequency. This function is useful while searching for a lesser
165 match OR operating on OPP information in the order of decreasing
167 Example: To find the highest opp for a device:
170 dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor(dev, &freq);
173 dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil - Search for an available OPP which is *at least* the
174 provided frequency. This function is useful while searching for a
175 higher match OR operating on OPP information in the order of increasing
177 Example 1: To find the lowest opp for a device:
180 dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq);
182 Example 2: A simplified implementation of a SoC cpufreq_driver->target:
183 soc_cpufreq_target(..)
185 /* Do stuff like policy checks etc. */
186 /* Find the best frequency match for the req */
188 opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq);
191 soc_switch_to_freq_voltage(freq);
193 /* do something when we can't satisfy the req */
197 4. OPP Availability Control Functions
198 =====================================
199 A default OPP list registered with the OPP library may not cater to all possible
200 situation. The OPP library provides a set of functions to modify the
201 availability of a OPP within the OPP list. This allows SoC frameworks to have
202 fine grained dynamic control of which sets of OPPs are operationally available.
203 These functions are intended to *temporarily* remove an OPP in conditions such
204 as thermal considerations (e.g. don't use OPPx until the temperature drops).
206 WARNING: Do not use these functions in interrupt context.
208 dev_pm_opp_enable - Make a OPP available for operation.
209 Example: Lets say that 1GHz OPP is to be made available only if the
210 SoC temperature is lower than a certain threshold. The SoC framework
211 implementation might choose to do something as follows:
212 if (cur_temp < temp_low_thresh) {
213 /* Enable 1GHz if it was disabled */
215 opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact(dev, 1000000000, false);
217 /* just error check */
219 ret = dev_pm_opp_enable(dev, 1000000000);
221 goto try_something_else;
224 dev_pm_opp_disable - Make an OPP to be not available for operation
225 Example: Lets say that 1GHz OPP is to be disabled if the temperature
226 exceeds a threshold value. The SoC framework implementation might
227 choose to do something as follows:
228 if (cur_temp > temp_high_thresh) {
229 /* Disable 1GHz if it was enabled */
231 opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact(dev, 1000000000, true);
233 /* just error check */
235 ret = dev_pm_opp_disable(dev, 1000000000);
237 goto try_something_else;
240 5. OPP Data Retrieval Functions
241 ===============================
242 Since OPP library abstracts away the OPP information, a set of functions to pull
243 information from the OPP structure is necessary. Once an OPP pointer is
244 retrieved using the search functions, the following functions can be used by SoC
245 framework to retrieve the information represented inside the OPP layer.
247 dev_pm_opp_get_voltage - Retrieve the voltage represented by the opp pointer.
248 Example: At a cpufreq transition to a different frequency, SoC
249 framework requires to set the voltage represented by the OPP using
250 the regulator framework to the Power Management chip providing the
252 soc_switch_to_freq_voltage(freq)
256 opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq);
257 v = dev_pm_opp_get_voltage(opp);
260 regulator_set_voltage(.., v);
261 /* do other things */
264 dev_pm_opp_get_freq - Retrieve the freq represented by the opp pointer.
265 Example: Lets say the SoC framework uses a couple of helper functions
266 we could pass opp pointers instead of doing additional parameters to
267 handle quiet a bit of data parameters.
268 soc_cpufreq_target(..)
271 max_freq = ULONG_MAX;
273 max_opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor(dev,&max_freq);
274 requested_opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev,&freq);
275 if (!IS_ERR(max_opp) && !IS_ERR(requested_opp))
276 r = soc_test_validity(max_opp, requested_opp);
278 /* do other things */
280 soc_test_validity(..)
282 if(dev_pm_opp_get_voltage(max_opp) < dev_pm_opp_get_voltage(requested_opp))
284 if(dev_pm_opp_get_freq(max_opp) < dev_pm_opp_get_freq(requested_opp))
289 dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count - Retrieve the number of available opps for a device
290 Example: Lets say a co-processor in the SoC needs to know the available
291 frequencies in a table, the main processor can notify as following:
292 soc_notify_coproc_available_frequencies()
296 num_available = dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count(dev);
297 speeds = kzalloc(sizeof(u32) * num_available, GFP_KERNEL);
298 /* populate the table in increasing order */
300 while (!IS_ERR(opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq))) {
307 soc_notify_coproc(AVAILABLE_FREQs, speeds, num_available);
308 /* Do other things */
313 Typically an SoC contains multiple voltage domains which are variable. Each
314 domain is represented by a device pointer. The relationship to OPP can be
315 represented as follows:
318 | |- opp 1 (availability, freq, voltage)
326 OPP library maintains a internal list that the SoC framework populates and
327 accessed by various functions as described above. However, the structures
328 representing the actual OPPs and domains are internal to the OPP library itself
329 to allow for suitable abstraction reusable across systems.
331 struct dev_pm_opp - The internal data structure of OPP library which is used to
332 represent an OPP. In addition to the freq, voltage, availability
333 information, it also contains internal book keeping information required
334 for the OPP library to operate on. Pointer to this structure is
335 provided back to the users such as SoC framework to be used as a
336 identifier for OPP in the interactions with OPP layer.
338 WARNING: The struct dev_pm_opp pointer should not be parsed or modified by the
339 users. The defaults of for an instance is populated by dev_pm_opp_add, but the
340 availability of the OPP can be modified by dev_pm_opp_enable/disable functions.
342 struct device - This is used to identify a domain to the OPP layer. The
343 nature of the device and it's implementation is left to the user of
344 OPP library such as the SoC framework.
346 Overall, in a simplistic view, the data structure operations is represented as
349 Initialization / modification:
350 +-----+ /- dev_pm_opp_enable
351 dev_pm_opp_add --> | opp | <-------
352 | +-----+ \- dev_pm_opp_disable
353 \-------> domain_info(device)
356 /-- dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil ---\ +-----+
357 domain_info<---- dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact -----> | opp |
358 \-- dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor ---/ +-----+
361 +-----+ /- dev_pm_opp_get_voltage
363 +-----+ \- dev_pm_opp_get_freq
365 domain_info <- dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count