3 Documentation written by Theodore Ts'o
4 Updated by Li Zefan and Tom Zanussi
9 Tracepoints (see Documentation/trace/tracepoints.txt) can be used
10 without creating custom kernel modules to register probe functions
11 using the event tracing infrastructure.
13 Not all tracepoints can be traced using the event tracing system;
14 the kernel developer must provide code snippets which define how the
15 tracing information is saved into the tracing buffer, and how the
16 tracing information should be printed.
18 2. Using Event Tracing
19 ======================
21 2.1 Via the 'set_event' interface
22 ---------------------------------
24 The events which are available for tracing can be found in the file
25 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/available_events.
27 To enable a particular event, such as 'sched_wakeup', simply echo it
28 to /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event. For example:
30 # echo sched_wakeup >> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event
32 [ Note: '>>' is necessary, otherwise it will firstly disable
35 To disable an event, echo the event name to the set_event file prefixed
36 with an exclamation point:
38 # echo '!sched_wakeup' >> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event
40 To disable all events, echo an empty line to the set_event file:
42 # echo > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event
44 To enable all events, echo '*:*' or '*:' to the set_event file:
46 # echo *:* > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event
48 The events are organized into subsystems, such as ext4, irq, sched,
49 etc., and a full event name looks like this: <subsystem>:<event>. The
50 subsystem name is optional, but it is displayed in the available_events
51 file. All of the events in a subsystem can be specified via the syntax
52 "<subsystem>:*"; for example, to enable all irq events, you can use the
55 # echo 'irq:*' > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event
57 2.2 Via the 'enable' toggle
58 ---------------------------
60 The events available are also listed in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/ hierarchy
63 To enable event 'sched_wakeup':
65 # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup/enable
69 # echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup/enable
71 To enable all events in sched subsystem:
73 # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched/enable
77 # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/enable
79 When reading one of these enable files, there are four results:
81 0 - all events this file affects are disabled
82 1 - all events this file affects are enabled
83 X - there is a mixture of events enabled and disabled
84 ? - this file does not affect any event
89 In order to facilitate early boot debugging, use boot option:
91 trace_event=[event-list]
93 event-list is a comma separated list of events. See section 2.1 for event
96 3. Defining an event-enabled tracepoint
97 =======================================
99 See The example provided in samples/trace_events
104 Each trace event has a 'format' file associated with it that contains
105 a description of each field in a logged event. This information can
106 be used to parse the binary trace stream, and is also the place to
107 find the field names that can be used in event filters (see section 5).
109 It also displays the format string that will be used to print the
110 event in text mode, along with the event name and ID used for
113 Every event has a set of 'common' fields associated with it; these are
114 the fields prefixed with 'common_'. The other fields vary between
115 events and correspond to the fields defined in the TRACE_EVENT
116 definition for that event.
118 Each field in the format has the form:
120 field:field-type field-name; offset:N; size:N;
122 where offset is the offset of the field in the trace record and size
123 is the size of the data item, in bytes.
125 For example, here's the information displayed for the 'sched_wakeup'
128 # cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup/format
133 field:unsigned short common_type; offset:0; size:2;
134 field:unsigned char common_flags; offset:2; size:1;
135 field:unsigned char common_preempt_count; offset:3; size:1;
136 field:int common_pid; offset:4; size:4;
137 field:int common_tgid; offset:8; size:4;
139 field:char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; offset:12; size:16;
140 field:pid_t pid; offset:28; size:4;
141 field:int prio; offset:32; size:4;
142 field:int success; offset:36; size:4;
143 field:int cpu; offset:40; size:4;
145 print fmt: "task %s:%d [%d] success=%d [%03d]", REC->comm, REC->pid,
146 REC->prio, REC->success, REC->cpu
148 This event contains 10 fields, the first 5 common and the remaining 5
149 event-specific. All the fields for this event are numeric, except for
150 'comm' which is a string, a distinction important for event filtering.
155 Trace events can be filtered in the kernel by associating boolean
156 'filter expressions' with them. As soon as an event is logged into
157 the trace buffer, its fields are checked against the filter expression
158 associated with that event type. An event with field values that
159 'match' the filter will appear in the trace output, and an event whose
160 values don't match will be discarded. An event with no filter
161 associated with it matches everything, and is the default when no
162 filter has been set for an event.
164 5.1 Expression syntax
165 ---------------------
167 A filter expression consists of one or more 'predicates' that can be
168 combined using the logical operators '&&' and '||'. A predicate is
169 simply a clause that compares the value of a field contained within a
170 logged event with a constant value and returns either 0 or 1 depending
171 on whether the field value matched (1) or didn't match (0):
173 field-name relational-operator value
175 Parentheses can be used to provide arbitrary logical groupings and
176 double-quotes can be used to prevent the shell from interpreting
177 operators as shell metacharacters.
179 The field-names available for use in filters can be found in the
180 'format' files for trace events (see section 4).
182 The relational-operators depend on the type of the field being tested:
184 The operators available for numeric fields are:
188 And for string fields they are:
192 Currently, only exact string matches are supported.
197 A filter for an individual event is set by writing a filter expression
198 to the 'filter' file for the given event.
202 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup
203 # echo "common_preempt_count > 4" > filter
205 A slightly more involved example:
207 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/signal/signal_generate
208 # echo "((sig >= 10 && sig < 15) || sig == 17) && comm != bash" > filter
210 If there is an error in the expression, you'll get an 'Invalid
211 argument' error when setting it, and the erroneous string along with
212 an error message can be seen by looking at the filter e.g.:
214 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/signal/signal_generate
215 # echo "((sig >= 10 && sig < 15) || dsig == 17) && comm != bash" > filter
216 -bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
218 ((sig >= 10 && sig < 15) || dsig == 17) && comm != bash
220 parse_error: Field not found
222 Currently the caret ('^') for an error always appears at the beginning of
223 the filter string; the error message should still be useful though
224 even without more accurate position info.
229 To clear the filter for an event, write a '0' to the event's filter
232 To clear the filters for all events in a subsystem, write a '0' to the
233 subsystem's filter file.
235 5.3 Subsystem filters
236 ---------------------
238 For convenience, filters for every event in a subsystem can be set or
239 cleared as a group by writing a filter expression into the filter file
240 at the root of the subsystem. Note however, that if a filter for any
241 event within the subsystem lacks a field specified in the subsystem
242 filter, or if the filter can't be applied for any other reason, the
243 filter for that event will retain its previous setting. This can
244 result in an unintended mixture of filters which could lead to
245 confusing (to the user who might think different filters are in
246 effect) trace output. Only filters that reference just the common
247 fields can be guaranteed to propagate successfully to all events.
249 Here are a few subsystem filter examples that also illustrate the
252 Clear the filters on all events in the sched subsystem:
254 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched
256 # cat sched_switch/filter
258 # cat sched_wakeup/filter
261 Set a filter using only common fields for all events in the sched
262 subsystem (all events end up with the same filter):
264 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched
265 # echo common_pid == 0 > filter
266 # cat sched_switch/filter
268 # cat sched_wakeup/filter
271 Attempt to set a filter using a non-common field for all events in the
272 sched subsystem (all events but those that have a prev_pid field retain
275 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched
276 # echo prev_pid == 0 > filter
277 # cat sched_switch/filter
279 # cat sched_wakeup/filter