2 * arch/arm/kernel/kprobes-test.c
4 * Copyright (C) 2011 Jon Medhurst <tixy@yxit.co.uk>.
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
12 * This file contains test code for ARM kprobes.
14 * The top level function run_all_tests() executes tests for all of the
15 * supported instruction sets: ARM, 16-bit Thumb, and 32-bit Thumb. These tests
16 * fall into two categories; run_api_tests() checks basic functionality of the
17 * kprobes API, and run_test_cases() is a comprehensive test for kprobes
18 * instruction decoding and simulation.
20 * run_test_cases() first checks the kprobes decoding table for self consistency
21 * (using table_test()) then executes a series of test cases for each of the CPU
22 * instruction forms. coverage_start() and coverage_end() are used to verify
23 * that these test cases cover all of the possible combinations of instructions
24 * described by the kprobes decoding tables.
26 * The individual test cases are in kprobes-test-arm.c and kprobes-test-thumb.c
27 * which use the macros defined in kprobes-test.h. The rest of this
28 * documentation will describe the operation of the framework used by these
36 * The methodology used to test an ARM instruction 'test_insn' is to use
37 * inline assembler like:
40 * test_case: test_insn
43 * When the test case is run a kprobe is placed of each nop. The
44 * post-handler of the test_before probe is used to modify the saved CPU
45 * register context to that which we require for the test case. The
46 * pre-handler of the of the test_after probe saves a copy of the CPU
47 * register context. In this way we can execute test_insn with a specific
48 * register context and see the results afterwards.
50 * To actually test the kprobes instruction emulation we perform the above
51 * step a second time but with an additional kprobe on the test_case
52 * instruction itself. If the emulation is accurate then the results seen
53 * by the test_after probe will be identical to the first run which didn't
54 * have a probe on test_case.
56 * Each test case is run several times with a variety of variations in the
57 * flags value of stored in CPSR, and for Thumb code, different ITState.
59 * For instructions which can modify PC, a second test_after probe is used
63 * test_case: test_insn
69 * The test case is constructed such that test_insn branches to
70 * test_after2, or, if testing a conditional instruction, it may just
71 * continue to test_after. The probes inserted at both locations let us
72 * determine which happened. A similar approach is used for testing
73 * backwards branches...
76 * b test_done @ helps to cope with off by 1 branches
80 * test_case: test_insn
84 * The macros used to generate the assembler instructions describe above
85 * are TEST_INSTRUCTION, TEST_BRANCH_F (branch forwards) and TEST_BRANCH_B
86 * (branch backwards). In these, the local variables numbered 1, 50, 2 and
87 * 99 represent: test_before, test_case, test_after2 and test_done.
92 * Each test case is wrapped between the pair of macros TESTCASE_START and
93 * TESTCASE_END. As well as performing the inline assembler boilerplate,
94 * these call out to the kprobes_test_case_start() and
95 * kprobes_test_case_end() functions which drive the execution of the test
96 * case. The specific arguments to use for each test case are stored as
97 * inline data constructed using the various TEST_ARG_* macros. Putting
98 * this all together, a simple test case may look like:
100 * TESTCASE_START("Testing mov r0, r7")
101 * TEST_ARG_REG(7, 0x12345678) // Set r7=0x12345678
103 * TEST_INSTRUCTION("mov r0, r7")
106 * Note, in practice the single convenience macro TEST_R would be used for this
109 * The above would expand to assembler looking something like:
112 * bl __kprobes_test_case_start
113 * @ start of inline data...
114 * .ascii "mov r0, r7" @ text title for test case
126 * .byte TEST_ISA @ flags, including ISA being tested
127 * .short 50f-0f @ offset of 'test_before'
128 * .short 2f-0f @ offset of 'test_after2' (if relevent)
129 * .short 99f-0f @ offset of 'test_done'
130 * @ start of test case code...
132 * .code TEST_ISA @ switch to ISA being tested
135 * 50: nop @ location for 'test_before' probe
136 * 1: mov r0, r7 @ the test case instruction 'test_insn'
137 * nop @ location for 'test_after' probe
141 * 99: bl __kprobes_test_case_end_##TEST_ISA
144 * When the above is execute the following happens...
146 * __kprobes_test_case_start() is an assembler wrapper which sets up space
147 * for a stack buffer and calls the C function kprobes_test_case_start().
148 * This C function will do some initial processing of the inline data and
149 * setup some global state. It then inserts the test_before and test_after
150 * kprobes and returns a value which causes the assembler wrapper to jump
151 * to the start of the test case code, (local label '0').
153 * When the test case code executes, the test_before probe will be hit and
154 * test_before_post_handler will call setup_test_context(). This fills the
155 * stack buffer and CPU registers with a test pattern and then processes
156 * the test case arguments. In our example there is one TEST_ARG_REG which
157 * indicates that R7 should be loaded with the value 0x12345678.
159 * When the test_before probe ends, the test case continues and executes
160 * the "mov r0, r7" instruction. It then hits the test_after probe and the
161 * pre-handler for this (test_after_pre_handler) will save a copy of the
162 * CPU register context. This should now have R0 holding the same value as
165 * Finally we get to the call to __kprobes_test_case_end_{32,16}. This is
166 * an assembler wrapper which switches back to the ISA used by the test
167 * code and calls the C function kprobes_test_case_end().
169 * For each run through the test case, test_case_run_count is incremented
170 * by one. For even runs, kprobes_test_case_end() saves a copy of the
171 * register and stack buffer contents from the test case just run. It then
172 * inserts a kprobe on the test case instruction 'test_insn' and returns a
173 * value to cause the test case code to be re-run.
175 * For odd numbered runs, kprobes_test_case_end() compares the register and
176 * stack buffer contents to those that were saved on the previous even
177 * numbered run (the one without the kprobe on test_insn). These should be
178 * the same if the kprobe instruction simulation routine is correct.
180 * The pair of test case runs is repeated with different combinations of
181 * flag values in CPSR and, for Thumb, different ITState. This is
182 * controlled by test_context_cpsr().
184 * BUILDING TEST CASES
185 * -------------------
188 * As an aid to building test cases, the stack buffer is initialised with
189 * some special values:
191 * [SP+13*4] Contains SP+120. This can be used to test instructions
192 * which load a value into SP.
194 * [SP+15*4] When testing branching instructions using TEST_BRANCH_{F,B},
195 * this holds the target address of the branch, 'test_after2'.
196 * This can be used to test instructions which load a PC value
200 #include <linux/kernel.h>
201 #include <linux/module.h>
202 #include <linux/slab.h>
203 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
206 #include "kprobes-test.h"
209 #define BENCHMARKING 1
216 static bool test_regs_ok;
217 static int test_func_instance;
218 static int pre_handler_called;
219 static int post_handler_called;
220 static int jprobe_func_called;
221 static int kretprobe_handler_called;
223 #define FUNC_ARG1 0x12345678
224 #define FUNC_ARG2 0xabcdef
227 #ifndef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
229 long arm_func(long r0, long r1);
231 static void __used __naked __arm_kprobes_test_func(void)
233 __asm__ __volatile__ (
235 ".type arm_func, %%function \n\t"
237 "adds r0, r0, r1 \n\t"
239 ".code "NORMAL_ISA /* Back to Thumb if necessary */
240 : : : "r0", "r1", "cc"
244 #else /* CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL */
246 long thumb16_func(long r0, long r1);
247 long thumb32even_func(long r0, long r1);
248 long thumb32odd_func(long r0, long r1);
250 static void __used __naked __thumb_kprobes_test_funcs(void)
252 __asm__ __volatile__ (
253 ".type thumb16_func, %%function \n\t"
255 "adds.n r0, r0, r1 \n\t"
259 ".type thumb32even_func, %%function \n\t"
260 "thumb32even_func: \n\t"
261 "adds.w r0, r0, r1 \n\t"
266 ".type thumb32odd_func, %%function \n\t"
267 "thumb32odd_func: \n\t"
268 "adds.w r0, r0, r1 \n\t"
271 : : : "r0", "r1", "cc"
275 #endif /* CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL */
278 static int call_test_func(long (*func)(long, long), bool check_test_regs)
282 ++test_func_instance;
283 test_regs_ok = false;
285 ret = (*func)(FUNC_ARG1, FUNC_ARG2);
286 if (ret != FUNC_ARG1 + FUNC_ARG2) {
287 pr_err("FAIL: call_test_func: func returned %lx\n", ret);
291 if (check_test_regs && !test_regs_ok) {
292 pr_err("FAIL: test regs not OK\n");
299 static int __kprobes pre_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
301 pre_handler_called = test_func_instance;
302 if (regs->ARM_r0 == FUNC_ARG1 && regs->ARM_r1 == FUNC_ARG2)
307 static void __kprobes post_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
310 post_handler_called = test_func_instance;
311 if (regs->ARM_r0 != FUNC_ARG1 + FUNC_ARG2 || regs->ARM_r1 != FUNC_ARG2)
312 test_regs_ok = false;
315 static struct kprobe the_kprobe = {
317 .pre_handler = pre_handler,
318 .post_handler = post_handler
321 static int test_kprobe(long (*func)(long, long))
325 the_kprobe.addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)func;
326 ret = register_kprobe(&the_kprobe);
328 pr_err("FAIL: register_kprobe failed with %d\n", ret);
332 ret = call_test_func(func, true);
334 unregister_kprobe(&the_kprobe);
335 the_kprobe.flags = 0; /* Clear disable flag to allow reuse */
339 if (pre_handler_called != test_func_instance) {
340 pr_err("FAIL: kprobe pre_handler not called\n");
343 if (post_handler_called != test_func_instance) {
344 pr_err("FAIL: kprobe post_handler not called\n");
347 if (!call_test_func(func, false))
349 if (pre_handler_called == test_func_instance ||
350 post_handler_called == test_func_instance) {
351 pr_err("FAIL: probe called after unregistering\n");
358 static void __kprobes jprobe_func(long r0, long r1)
360 jprobe_func_called = test_func_instance;
361 if (r0 == FUNC_ARG1 && r1 == FUNC_ARG2)
366 static struct jprobe the_jprobe = {
367 .entry = jprobe_func,
370 static int test_jprobe(long (*func)(long, long))
374 the_jprobe.kp.addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)func;
375 ret = register_jprobe(&the_jprobe);
377 pr_err("FAIL: register_jprobe failed with %d\n", ret);
381 ret = call_test_func(func, true);
383 unregister_jprobe(&the_jprobe);
384 the_jprobe.kp.flags = 0; /* Clear disable flag to allow reuse */
388 if (jprobe_func_called != test_func_instance) {
389 pr_err("FAIL: jprobe handler function not called\n");
392 if (!call_test_func(func, false))
394 if (jprobe_func_called == test_func_instance) {
395 pr_err("FAIL: probe called after unregistering\n");
403 kretprobe_handler(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs)
405 kretprobe_handler_called = test_func_instance;
406 if (regs_return_value(regs) == FUNC_ARG1 + FUNC_ARG2)
411 static struct kretprobe the_kretprobe = {
412 .handler = kretprobe_handler,
415 static int test_kretprobe(long (*func)(long, long))
419 the_kretprobe.kp.addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)func;
420 ret = register_kretprobe(&the_kretprobe);
422 pr_err("FAIL: register_kretprobe failed with %d\n", ret);
426 ret = call_test_func(func, true);
428 unregister_kretprobe(&the_kretprobe);
429 the_kretprobe.kp.flags = 0; /* Clear disable flag to allow reuse */
433 if (kretprobe_handler_called != test_func_instance) {
434 pr_err("FAIL: kretprobe handler not called\n");
437 if (!call_test_func(func, false))
439 if (jprobe_func_called == test_func_instance) {
440 pr_err("FAIL: kretprobe called after unregistering\n");
447 static int run_api_tests(long (*func)(long, long))
451 pr_info(" kprobe\n");
452 ret = test_kprobe(func);
456 pr_info(" jprobe\n");
457 ret = test_jprobe(func);
461 pr_info(" kretprobe\n");
462 ret = test_kretprobe(func);
476 static void __naked benchmark_nop(void)
478 __asm__ __volatile__ (
484 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
490 static void __naked benchmark_pushpop1(void)
492 __asm__ __volatile__ (
493 "stmdb"wide" sp!, {r3-r11,lr} \n\t"
494 "ldmia"wide" sp!, {r3-r11,pc}"
498 static void __naked benchmark_pushpop2(void)
500 __asm__ __volatile__ (
501 "stmdb"wide" sp!, {r0-r8,lr} \n\t"
502 "ldmia"wide" sp!, {r0-r8,pc}"
506 static void __naked benchmark_pushpop3(void)
508 __asm__ __volatile__ (
509 "stmdb"wide" sp!, {r4,lr} \n\t"
510 "ldmia"wide" sp!, {r4,pc}"
514 static void __naked benchmark_pushpop4(void)
516 __asm__ __volatile__ (
517 "stmdb"wide" sp!, {r0,lr} \n\t"
518 "ldmia"wide" sp!, {r0,pc}"
523 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
525 static void __naked benchmark_pushpop_thumb(void)
527 __asm__ __volatile__ (
528 "push.n {r0-r7,lr} \n\t"
536 benchmark_pre_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
541 static int benchmark(void(*fn)(void))
543 unsigned n, i, t, t0;
545 for (n = 1000; ; n *= 2) {
547 for (i = n; i > 0; --i)
549 t = sched_clock() - t0;
551 break; /* Stop once we took more than 0.25 seconds */
553 return t / n; /* Time for one iteration in nanoseconds */
556 static int kprobe_benchmark(void(*fn)(void), unsigned offset)
559 .addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)((uintptr_t)fn + offset),
560 .pre_handler = benchmark_pre_handler,
563 int ret = register_kprobe(&k);
565 pr_err("FAIL: register_kprobe failed with %d\n", ret);
571 unregister_kprobe(&k);
581 static int run_benchmarks(void)
584 struct benchmarks list[] = {
585 {&benchmark_nop, 0, "nop"},
587 * benchmark_pushpop{1,3} will have the optimised
588 * instruction emulation, whilst benchmark_pushpop{2,4} will
589 * be the equivalent unoptimised instructions.
591 {&benchmark_pushpop1, 0, "stmdb sp!, {r3-r11,lr}"},
592 {&benchmark_pushpop1, 4, "ldmia sp!, {r3-r11,pc}"},
593 {&benchmark_pushpop2, 0, "stmdb sp!, {r0-r8,lr}"},
594 {&benchmark_pushpop2, 4, "ldmia sp!, {r0-r8,pc}"},
595 {&benchmark_pushpop3, 0, "stmdb sp!, {r4,lr}"},
596 {&benchmark_pushpop3, 4, "ldmia sp!, {r4,pc}"},
597 {&benchmark_pushpop4, 0, "stmdb sp!, {r0,lr}"},
598 {&benchmark_pushpop4, 4, "ldmia sp!, {r0,pc}"},
599 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
600 {&benchmark_pushpop_thumb, 0, "push.n {r0-r7,lr}"},
601 {&benchmark_pushpop_thumb, 2, "pop.n {r0-r7,pc}"},
606 struct benchmarks *b;
607 for (b = list; b->fn; ++b) {
608 ret = kprobe_benchmark(b->fn, b->offset);
611 pr_info(" %dns for kprobe %s\n", ret, b->title);
618 #endif /* BENCHMARKING */
622 * Decoding table self-consistency tests
625 static const int decode_struct_sizes[NUM_DECODE_TYPES] = {
626 [DECODE_TYPE_TABLE] = sizeof(struct decode_table),
627 [DECODE_TYPE_CUSTOM] = sizeof(struct decode_custom),
628 [DECODE_TYPE_SIMULATE] = sizeof(struct decode_simulate),
629 [DECODE_TYPE_EMULATE] = sizeof(struct decode_emulate),
630 [DECODE_TYPE_OR] = sizeof(struct decode_or),
631 [DECODE_TYPE_REJECT] = sizeof(struct decode_reject)
634 static int table_iter(const union decode_item *table,
635 int (*fn)(const struct decode_header *, void *),
638 const struct decode_header *h = (struct decode_header *)table;
642 enum decode_type type = h->type_regs.bits & DECODE_TYPE_MASK;
644 if (type == DECODE_TYPE_END)
647 result = fn(h, args);
651 h = (struct decode_header *)
652 ((uintptr_t)h + decode_struct_sizes[type]);
657 static int table_test_fail(const struct decode_header *h, const char* message)
660 pr_err("FAIL: kprobes test failure \"%s\" (mask %08x, value %08x)\n",
661 message, h->mask.bits, h->value.bits);
665 struct table_test_args {
666 const union decode_item *root_table;
671 static int table_test_fn(const struct decode_header *h, void *args)
673 struct table_test_args *a = (struct table_test_args *)args;
674 enum decode_type type = h->type_regs.bits & DECODE_TYPE_MASK;
676 if (h->value.bits & ~h->mask.bits)
677 return table_test_fail(h, "Match value has bits not in mask");
679 if ((h->mask.bits & a->parent_mask) != a->parent_mask)
680 return table_test_fail(h, "Mask has bits not in parent mask");
682 if ((h->value.bits ^ a->parent_value) & a->parent_mask)
683 return table_test_fail(h, "Value is inconsistent with parent");
685 if (type == DECODE_TYPE_TABLE) {
686 struct decode_table *d = (struct decode_table *)h;
687 struct table_test_args args2 = *a;
688 args2.parent_mask = h->mask.bits;
689 args2.parent_value = h->value.bits;
690 return table_iter(d->table.table, table_test_fn, &args2);
696 static int table_test(const union decode_item *table)
698 struct table_test_args args = {
703 return table_iter(args.root_table, table_test_fn, &args);
708 * Decoding table test coverage analysis
710 * coverage_start() builds a coverage_table which contains a list of
711 * coverage_entry's to match each entry in the specified kprobes instruction
714 * When test cases are run, coverage_add() is called to process each case.
715 * This looks up the corresponding entry in the coverage_table and sets it as
716 * being matched, as well as clearing the regs flag appropriate for the test.
718 * After all test cases have been run, coverage_end() is called to check that
719 * all entries in coverage_table have been matched and that all regs flags are
720 * cleared. I.e. that all possible combinations of instructions described by
721 * the kprobes decoding tables have had a test case executed for them.
726 #define MAX_COVERAGE_ENTRIES 256
728 struct coverage_entry {
729 const struct decode_header *header;
735 struct coverage_table {
736 struct coverage_entry *base;
737 unsigned num_entries;
741 struct coverage_table coverage;
743 #define COVERAGE_ANY_REG (1<<0)
744 #define COVERAGE_SP (1<<1)
745 #define COVERAGE_PC (1<<2)
746 #define COVERAGE_PCWB (1<<3)
748 static const char coverage_register_lookup[16] = {
749 [REG_TYPE_ANY] = COVERAGE_ANY_REG | COVERAGE_SP | COVERAGE_PC,
750 [REG_TYPE_SAMEAS16] = COVERAGE_ANY_REG,
751 [REG_TYPE_SP] = COVERAGE_SP,
752 [REG_TYPE_PC] = COVERAGE_PC,
753 [REG_TYPE_NOSP] = COVERAGE_ANY_REG | COVERAGE_SP,
754 [REG_TYPE_NOSPPC] = COVERAGE_ANY_REG | COVERAGE_SP | COVERAGE_PC,
755 [REG_TYPE_NOPC] = COVERAGE_ANY_REG | COVERAGE_PC,
756 [REG_TYPE_NOPCWB] = COVERAGE_ANY_REG | COVERAGE_PC | COVERAGE_PCWB,
757 [REG_TYPE_NOPCX] = COVERAGE_ANY_REG,
758 [REG_TYPE_NOSPPCX] = COVERAGE_ANY_REG | COVERAGE_SP,
761 unsigned coverage_start_registers(const struct decode_header *h)
765 for (i = 0; i < 20; i += 4) {
766 int r = (h->type_regs.bits >> (DECODE_TYPE_BITS + i)) & 0xf;
767 regs |= coverage_register_lookup[r] << i;
772 static int coverage_start_fn(const struct decode_header *h, void *args)
774 struct coverage_table *coverage = (struct coverage_table *)args;
775 enum decode_type type = h->type_regs.bits & DECODE_TYPE_MASK;
776 struct coverage_entry *entry = coverage->base + coverage->num_entries;
778 if (coverage->num_entries == MAX_COVERAGE_ENTRIES - 1) {
779 pr_err("FAIL: Out of space for test coverage data");
783 ++coverage->num_entries;
786 entry->regs = coverage_start_registers(h);
787 entry->nesting = coverage->nesting;
788 entry->matched = false;
790 if (type == DECODE_TYPE_TABLE) {
791 struct decode_table *d = (struct decode_table *)h;
794 ret = table_iter(d->table.table, coverage_start_fn, coverage);
802 static int coverage_start(const union decode_item *table)
804 coverage.base = kmalloc(MAX_COVERAGE_ENTRIES *
805 sizeof(struct coverage_entry), GFP_KERNEL);
806 coverage.num_entries = 0;
807 coverage.nesting = 0;
808 return table_iter(table, coverage_start_fn, &coverage);
812 coverage_add_registers(struct coverage_entry *entry, kprobe_opcode_t insn)
814 int regs = entry->header->type_regs.bits >> DECODE_TYPE_BITS;
816 for (i = 0; i < 20; i += 4) {
817 enum decode_reg_type reg_type = (regs >> i) & 0xf;
818 int reg = (insn >> i) & 0xf;
829 flag = COVERAGE_ANY_REG;
830 entry->regs &= ~(flag << i);
836 case REG_TYPE_SAMEAS16:
854 case REG_TYPE_NOSPPC:
855 case REG_TYPE_NOSPPCX:
856 if (reg == 13 || reg == 15)
860 case REG_TYPE_NOPCWB:
861 if (!is_writeback(insn))
864 entry->regs &= ~(COVERAGE_PCWB << i);
879 static void coverage_add(kprobe_opcode_t insn)
881 struct coverage_entry *entry = coverage.base;
882 struct coverage_entry *end = coverage.base + coverage.num_entries;
883 bool matched = false;
884 unsigned nesting = 0;
886 for (; entry < end; ++entry) {
887 const struct decode_header *h = entry->header;
888 enum decode_type type = h->type_regs.bits & DECODE_TYPE_MASK;
890 if (entry->nesting > nesting)
891 continue; /* Skip sub-table we didn't match */
893 if (entry->nesting < nesting)
894 break; /* End of sub-table we were scanning */
897 if ((insn & h->mask.bits) != h->value.bits)
899 entry->matched = true;
904 case DECODE_TYPE_TABLE:
908 case DECODE_TYPE_CUSTOM:
909 case DECODE_TYPE_SIMULATE:
910 case DECODE_TYPE_EMULATE:
911 coverage_add_registers(entry, insn);
918 case DECODE_TYPE_REJECT:
926 static void coverage_end(void)
928 struct coverage_entry *entry = coverage.base;
929 struct coverage_entry *end = coverage.base + coverage.num_entries;
931 for (; entry < end; ++entry) {
932 u32 mask = entry->header->mask.bits;
933 u32 value = entry->header->value.bits;
936 pr_err("FAIL: Register test coverage missing for %08x %08x (%05x)\n",
937 mask, value, entry->regs);
938 coverage_fail = true;
940 if (!entry->matched) {
941 pr_err("FAIL: Test coverage entry missing for %08x %08x\n",
943 coverage_fail = true;
947 kfree(coverage.base);
952 * Framework for instruction set test cases
955 void __naked __kprobes_test_case_start(void)
957 __asm__ __volatile__ (
958 "stmdb sp!, {r4-r11} \n\t"
959 "sub sp, sp, #"__stringify(TEST_MEMORY_SIZE)"\n\t"
960 "bic r0, lr, #1 @ r0 = inline title string \n\t"
962 "bl kprobes_test_case_start \n\t"
967 #ifndef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
969 void __naked __kprobes_test_case_end_32(void)
971 __asm__ __volatile__ (
973 "bl kprobes_test_case_end \n\t"
977 "add sp, sp, #"__stringify(TEST_MEMORY_SIZE)"\n\t"
978 "ldmia sp!, {r4-r11} \n\t"
983 #else /* CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL */
985 void __naked __kprobes_test_case_end_16(void)
987 __asm__ __volatile__ (
989 "bl kprobes_test_case_end \n\t"
993 "add sp, sp, #"__stringify(TEST_MEMORY_SIZE)"\n\t"
994 "ldmia sp!, {r4-r11} \n\t"
999 void __naked __kprobes_test_case_end_32(void)
1001 __asm__ __volatile__ (
1003 "orr lr, lr, #1 @ will return to Thumb code \n\t"
1006 ".word __kprobes_test_case_end_16 \n\t"
1013 int kprobe_test_flags;
1014 int kprobe_test_cc_position;
1016 static int test_try_count;
1017 static int test_pass_count;
1018 static int test_fail_count;
1020 static struct pt_regs initial_regs;
1021 static struct pt_regs expected_regs;
1022 static struct pt_regs result_regs;
1024 static u32 expected_memory[TEST_MEMORY_SIZE/sizeof(u32)];
1026 static const char *current_title;
1027 static struct test_arg *current_args;
1028 static u32 *current_stack;
1029 static uintptr_t current_branch_target;
1031 static uintptr_t current_code_start;
1032 static kprobe_opcode_t current_instruction;
1035 #define TEST_CASE_PASSED -1
1036 #define TEST_CASE_FAILED -2
1038 static int test_case_run_count;
1039 static bool test_case_is_thumb;
1040 static int test_instance;
1043 * We ignore the state of the imprecise abort disable flag (CPSR.A) because this
1044 * can change randomly as the kernel doesn't take care to preserve or initialise
1045 * this across context switches. Also, with Security Extentions, the flag may
1046 * not be under control of the kernel; for this reason we ignore the state of
1047 * the FIQ disable flag CPSR.F as well.
1049 #define PSR_IGNORE_BITS (PSR_A_BIT | PSR_F_BIT)
1051 static unsigned long test_check_cc(int cc, unsigned long cpsr)
1057 return cpsr & PSR_Z_BIT;
1060 return (~cpsr) & PSR_Z_BIT;
1063 return cpsr & PSR_C_BIT;
1066 return (~cpsr) & PSR_C_BIT;
1069 return cpsr & PSR_N_BIT;
1072 return (~cpsr) & PSR_N_BIT;
1075 return cpsr & PSR_V_BIT;
1078 return (~cpsr) & PSR_V_BIT;
1081 cpsr &= ~(cpsr >> 1); /* PSR_C_BIT &= ~PSR_Z_BIT */
1082 return cpsr & PSR_C_BIT;
1085 cpsr &= ~(cpsr >> 1); /* PSR_C_BIT &= ~PSR_Z_BIT */
1086 return (~cpsr) & PSR_C_BIT;
1089 cpsr ^= (cpsr << 3); /* PSR_N_BIT ^= PSR_V_BIT */
1090 return (~cpsr) & PSR_N_BIT;
1093 cpsr ^= (cpsr << 3); /* PSR_N_BIT ^= PSR_V_BIT */
1094 return cpsr & PSR_N_BIT;
1097 temp = cpsr ^ (cpsr << 3); /* PSR_N_BIT ^= PSR_V_BIT */
1098 temp |= (cpsr << 1); /* PSR_N_BIT |= PSR_Z_BIT */
1099 return (~temp) & PSR_N_BIT;
1102 temp = cpsr ^ (cpsr << 3); /* PSR_N_BIT ^= PSR_V_BIT */
1103 temp |= (cpsr << 1); /* PSR_N_BIT |= PSR_Z_BIT */
1104 return temp & PSR_N_BIT;
1107 case 0xf: /* unconditional */
1114 static int is_last_scenario;
1115 static int probe_should_run; /* 0 = no, 1 = yes, -1 = unknown */
1116 static int memory_needs_checking;
1118 static unsigned long test_context_cpsr(int scenario)
1122 probe_should_run = 1;
1124 /* Default case is that we cycle through 16 combinations of flags */
1125 cpsr = (scenario & 0xf) << 28; /* N,Z,C,V flags */
1126 cpsr |= (scenario & 0xf) << 16; /* GE flags */
1127 cpsr |= (scenario & 0x1) << 27; /* Toggle Q flag */
1129 if (!test_case_is_thumb) {
1130 /* Testing ARM code */
1131 probe_should_run = test_check_cc(current_instruction >> 28, cpsr) != 0;
1133 is_last_scenario = true;
1135 } else if (kprobe_test_flags & TEST_FLAG_NO_ITBLOCK) {
1136 /* Testing Thumb code without setting ITSTATE */
1137 if (kprobe_test_cc_position) {
1138 int cc = (current_instruction >> kprobe_test_cc_position) & 0xf;
1139 probe_should_run = test_check_cc(cc, cpsr) != 0;
1143 is_last_scenario = true;
1145 } else if (kprobe_test_flags & TEST_FLAG_FULL_ITBLOCK) {
1146 /* Testing Thumb code with all combinations of ITSTATE */
1147 unsigned x = (scenario >> 4);
1148 unsigned cond_base = x % 7; /* ITSTATE<7:5> */
1149 unsigned mask = x / 7 + 2; /* ITSTATE<4:0>, bits reversed */
1152 /* Finish by testing state from instruction 'itt al' */
1155 if ((scenario & 0xf) == 0xf)
1156 is_last_scenario = true;
1159 cpsr |= cond_base << 13; /* ITSTATE<7:5> */
1160 cpsr |= (mask & 0x1) << 12; /* ITSTATE<4> */
1161 cpsr |= (mask & 0x2) << 10; /* ITSTATE<3> */
1162 cpsr |= (mask & 0x4) << 8; /* ITSTATE<2> */
1163 cpsr |= (mask & 0x8) << 23; /* ITSTATE<1> */
1164 cpsr |= (mask & 0x10) << 21; /* ITSTATE<0> */
1166 probe_should_run = test_check_cc((cpsr >> 12) & 0xf, cpsr) != 0;
1169 /* Testing Thumb code with several combinations of ITSTATE */
1171 case 16: /* Clear NZCV flags and 'it eq' state (false as Z=0) */
1173 probe_should_run = 0;
1175 case 17: /* Set NZCV flags and 'it vc' state (false as V=1) */
1177 probe_should_run = 0;
1179 case 18: /* Clear NZCV flags and 'it ls' state (true as C=0) */
1182 case 19: /* Set NZCV flags and 'it cs' state (true as C=1) */
1184 is_last_scenario = true;
1192 static void setup_test_context(struct pt_regs *regs)
1194 int scenario = test_case_run_count>>1;
1196 struct test_arg *args;
1199 is_last_scenario = false;
1200 memory_needs_checking = false;
1202 /* Initialise test memory on stack */
1203 val = (scenario & 1) ? VALM : ~VALM;
1204 for (i = 0; i < TEST_MEMORY_SIZE / sizeof(current_stack[0]); ++i)
1205 current_stack[i] = val + (i << 8);
1206 /* Put target of branch on stack for tests which load PC from memory */
1207 if (current_branch_target)
1208 current_stack[15] = current_branch_target;
1209 /* Put a value for SP on stack for tests which load SP from memory */
1210 current_stack[13] = (u32)current_stack + 120;
1212 /* Initialise register values to their default state */
1213 val = (scenario & 2) ? VALR : ~VALR;
1214 for (i = 0; i < 13; ++i)
1215 regs->uregs[i] = val ^ (i << 8);
1216 regs->ARM_lr = val ^ (14 << 8);
1217 regs->ARM_cpsr &= ~(APSR_MASK | PSR_IT_MASK);
1218 regs->ARM_cpsr |= test_context_cpsr(scenario);
1220 /* Perform testcase specific register setup */
1221 args = current_args;
1222 for (; args[0].type != ARG_TYPE_END; ++args)
1223 switch (args[0].type) {
1224 case ARG_TYPE_REG: {
1225 struct test_arg_regptr *arg =
1226 (struct test_arg_regptr *)args;
1227 regs->uregs[arg->reg] = arg->val;
1230 case ARG_TYPE_PTR: {
1231 struct test_arg_regptr *arg =
1232 (struct test_arg_regptr *)args;
1233 regs->uregs[arg->reg] =
1234 (unsigned long)current_stack + arg->val;
1235 memory_needs_checking = true;
1238 case ARG_TYPE_MEM: {
1239 struct test_arg_mem *arg = (struct test_arg_mem *)args;
1240 current_stack[arg->index] = arg->val;
1249 struct kprobe kprobe;
1254 static void unregister_test_probe(struct test_probe *probe)
1256 if (probe->registered) {
1257 unregister_kprobe(&probe->kprobe);
1258 probe->kprobe.flags = 0; /* Clear disable flag to allow reuse */
1260 probe->registered = false;
1263 static int register_test_probe(struct test_probe *probe)
1267 if (probe->registered)
1270 ret = register_kprobe(&probe->kprobe);
1272 probe->registered = true;
1278 static int __kprobes
1279 test_before_pre_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
1281 container_of(p, struct test_probe, kprobe)->hit = test_instance;
1285 static void __kprobes
1286 test_before_post_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
1287 unsigned long flags)
1289 setup_test_context(regs);
1290 initial_regs = *regs;
1291 initial_regs.ARM_cpsr &= ~PSR_IGNORE_BITS;
1294 static int __kprobes
1295 test_case_pre_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
1297 container_of(p, struct test_probe, kprobe)->hit = test_instance;
1301 static int __kprobes
1302 test_after_pre_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
1304 if (container_of(p, struct test_probe, kprobe)->hit == test_instance)
1305 return 0; /* Already run for this test instance */
1307 result_regs = *regs;
1308 result_regs.ARM_cpsr &= ~PSR_IGNORE_BITS;
1310 /* Undo any changes done to SP by the test case */
1311 regs->ARM_sp = (unsigned long)current_stack;
1313 container_of(p, struct test_probe, kprobe)->hit = test_instance;
1317 static struct test_probe test_before_probe = {
1318 .kprobe.pre_handler = test_before_pre_handler,
1319 .kprobe.post_handler = test_before_post_handler,
1322 static struct test_probe test_case_probe = {
1323 .kprobe.pre_handler = test_case_pre_handler,
1326 static struct test_probe test_after_probe = {
1327 .kprobe.pre_handler = test_after_pre_handler,
1330 static struct test_probe test_after2_probe = {
1331 .kprobe.pre_handler = test_after_pre_handler,
1334 static void test_case_cleanup(void)
1336 unregister_test_probe(&test_before_probe);
1337 unregister_test_probe(&test_case_probe);
1338 unregister_test_probe(&test_after_probe);
1339 unregister_test_probe(&test_after2_probe);
1342 static void print_registers(struct pt_regs *regs)
1344 pr_err("r0 %08lx | r1 %08lx | r2 %08lx | r3 %08lx\n",
1345 regs->ARM_r0, regs->ARM_r1, regs->ARM_r2, regs->ARM_r3);
1346 pr_err("r4 %08lx | r5 %08lx | r6 %08lx | r7 %08lx\n",
1347 regs->ARM_r4, regs->ARM_r5, regs->ARM_r6, regs->ARM_r7);
1348 pr_err("r8 %08lx | r9 %08lx | r10 %08lx | r11 %08lx\n",
1349 regs->ARM_r8, regs->ARM_r9, regs->ARM_r10, regs->ARM_fp);
1350 pr_err("r12 %08lx | sp %08lx | lr %08lx | pc %08lx\n",
1351 regs->ARM_ip, regs->ARM_sp, regs->ARM_lr, regs->ARM_pc);
1352 pr_err("cpsr %08lx\n", regs->ARM_cpsr);
1355 static void print_memory(u32 *mem, size_t size)
1358 for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof(u32); i += 4)
1359 pr_err("%08x %08x %08x %08x\n", mem[i], mem[i+1],
1360 mem[i+2], mem[i+3]);
1363 static size_t expected_memory_size(u32 *sp)
1365 size_t size = sizeof(expected_memory);
1366 int offset = (uintptr_t)sp - (uintptr_t)current_stack;
1372 static void test_case_failed(const char *message)
1374 test_case_cleanup();
1376 pr_err("FAIL: %s\n", message);
1377 pr_err("FAIL: Test %s\n", current_title);
1378 pr_err("FAIL: Scenario %d\n", test_case_run_count >> 1);
1381 static unsigned long next_instruction(unsigned long pc)
1383 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
1384 if ((pc & 1) && !is_wide_instruction(*(u16 *)(pc - 1)))
1391 static uintptr_t __used kprobes_test_case_start(const char *title, void *stack)
1393 struct test_arg *args;
1394 struct test_arg_end *end_arg;
1395 unsigned long test_code;
1397 args = (struct test_arg *)PTR_ALIGN(title + strlen(title) + 1, 4);
1399 current_title = title;
1400 current_args = args;
1401 current_stack = stack;
1405 while (args->type != ARG_TYPE_END)
1407 end_arg = (struct test_arg_end *)args;
1409 test_code = (unsigned long)(args + 1); /* Code starts after args */
1411 test_case_is_thumb = end_arg->flags & ARG_FLAG_THUMB;
1412 if (test_case_is_thumb)
1415 current_code_start = test_code;
1417 current_branch_target = 0;
1418 if (end_arg->branch_offset != end_arg->end_offset)
1419 current_branch_target = test_code + end_arg->branch_offset;
1421 test_code += end_arg->code_offset;
1422 test_before_probe.kprobe.addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)test_code;
1424 test_code = next_instruction(test_code);
1425 test_case_probe.kprobe.addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)test_code;
1427 if (test_case_is_thumb) {
1428 u16 *p = (u16 *)(test_code & ~1);
1429 current_instruction = p[0];
1430 if (is_wide_instruction(current_instruction)) {
1431 current_instruction <<= 16;
1432 current_instruction |= p[1];
1435 current_instruction = *(u32 *)test_code;
1438 if (current_title[0] == '.')
1439 verbose("%s\n", current_title);
1441 verbose("%s\t@ %0*x\n", current_title,
1442 test_case_is_thumb ? 4 : 8,
1443 current_instruction);
1445 test_code = next_instruction(test_code);
1446 test_after_probe.kprobe.addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)test_code;
1448 if (kprobe_test_flags & TEST_FLAG_NARROW_INSTR) {
1449 if (!test_case_is_thumb ||
1450 is_wide_instruction(current_instruction)) {
1451 test_case_failed("expected 16-bit instruction");
1455 if (test_case_is_thumb &&
1456 !is_wide_instruction(current_instruction)) {
1457 test_case_failed("expected 32-bit instruction");
1462 coverage_add(current_instruction);
1464 if (end_arg->flags & ARG_FLAG_UNSUPPORTED) {
1465 if (register_test_probe(&test_case_probe) < 0)
1467 test_case_failed("registered probe for unsupported instruction");
1471 if (end_arg->flags & ARG_FLAG_SUPPORTED) {
1472 if (register_test_probe(&test_case_probe) >= 0)
1474 test_case_failed("couldn't register probe for supported instruction");
1478 if (register_test_probe(&test_before_probe) < 0) {
1479 test_case_failed("register test_before_probe failed");
1482 if (register_test_probe(&test_after_probe) < 0) {
1483 test_case_failed("register test_after_probe failed");
1486 if (current_branch_target) {
1487 test_after2_probe.kprobe.addr =
1488 (kprobe_opcode_t *)current_branch_target;
1489 if (register_test_probe(&test_after2_probe) < 0) {
1490 test_case_failed("register test_after2_probe failed");
1495 /* Start first run of test case */
1496 test_case_run_count = 0;
1498 return current_code_start;
1500 test_case_run_count = TEST_CASE_PASSED;
1501 return (uintptr_t)test_after_probe.kprobe.addr;
1503 test_case_run_count = TEST_CASE_FAILED;
1504 return (uintptr_t)test_after_probe.kprobe.addr;
1507 static bool check_test_results(void)
1509 size_t mem_size = 0;
1512 if (memcmp(&expected_regs, &result_regs, sizeof(expected_regs))) {
1513 test_case_failed("registers differ");
1517 if (memory_needs_checking) {
1518 mem = (u32 *)result_regs.ARM_sp;
1519 mem_size = expected_memory_size(mem);
1520 if (memcmp(expected_memory, mem, mem_size)) {
1521 test_case_failed("test memory differs");
1529 pr_err("initial_regs:\n");
1530 print_registers(&initial_regs);
1531 pr_err("expected_regs:\n");
1532 print_registers(&expected_regs);
1533 pr_err("result_regs:\n");
1534 print_registers(&result_regs);
1537 pr_err("current_stack=%p\n", current_stack);
1538 pr_err("expected_memory:\n");
1539 print_memory(expected_memory, mem_size);
1540 pr_err("result_memory:\n");
1541 print_memory(mem, mem_size);
1547 static uintptr_t __used kprobes_test_case_end(void)
1549 if (test_case_run_count < 0) {
1550 if (test_case_run_count == TEST_CASE_PASSED)
1551 /* kprobes_test_case_start did all the needed testing */
1554 /* kprobes_test_case_start failed */
1558 if (test_before_probe.hit != test_instance) {
1559 test_case_failed("test_before_handler not run");
1563 if (test_after_probe.hit != test_instance &&
1564 test_after2_probe.hit != test_instance) {
1565 test_case_failed("test_after_handler not run");
1570 * Even numbered test runs ran without a probe on the test case so
1571 * we can gather reference results. The subsequent odd numbered run
1572 * will have the probe inserted.
1574 if ((test_case_run_count & 1) == 0) {
1575 /* Save results from run without probe */
1576 u32 *mem = (u32 *)result_regs.ARM_sp;
1577 expected_regs = result_regs;
1578 memcpy(expected_memory, mem, expected_memory_size(mem));
1580 /* Insert probe onto test case instruction */
1581 if (register_test_probe(&test_case_probe) < 0) {
1582 test_case_failed("register test_case_probe failed");
1586 /* Check probe ran as expected */
1587 if (probe_should_run == 1) {
1588 if (test_case_probe.hit != test_instance) {
1589 test_case_failed("test_case_handler not run");
1592 } else if (probe_should_run == 0) {
1593 if (test_case_probe.hit == test_instance) {
1594 test_case_failed("test_case_handler ran");
1599 /* Remove probe for any subsequent reference run */
1600 unregister_test_probe(&test_case_probe);
1602 if (!check_test_results())
1605 if (is_last_scenario)
1609 /* Do next test run */
1610 ++test_case_run_count;
1612 return current_code_start;
1619 test_case_cleanup();
1625 * Top level test functions
1628 static int run_test_cases(void (*tests)(void), const union decode_item *table)
1632 pr_info(" Check decoding tables\n");
1633 ret = table_test(table);
1637 pr_info(" Run test cases\n");
1638 ret = coverage_start(table);
1649 static int __init run_all_tests(void)
1653 pr_info("Begining kprobe tests...\n");
1655 #ifndef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
1657 pr_info("Probe ARM code\n");
1658 ret = run_api_tests(arm_func);
1662 pr_info("ARM instruction simulation\n");
1663 ret = run_test_cases(kprobe_arm_test_cases, kprobe_decode_arm_table);
1667 #else /* CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL */
1669 pr_info("Probe 16-bit Thumb code\n");
1670 ret = run_api_tests(thumb16_func);
1674 pr_info("Probe 32-bit Thumb code, even halfword\n");
1675 ret = run_api_tests(thumb32even_func);
1679 pr_info("Probe 32-bit Thumb code, odd halfword\n");
1680 ret = run_api_tests(thumb32odd_func);
1684 pr_info("16-bit Thumb instruction simulation\n");
1685 ret = run_test_cases(kprobe_thumb16_test_cases,
1686 kprobe_decode_thumb16_table);
1690 pr_info("32-bit Thumb instruction simulation\n");
1691 ret = run_test_cases(kprobe_thumb32_test_cases,
1692 kprobe_decode_thumb32_table);
1697 pr_info("Total instruction simulation tests=%d, pass=%d fail=%d\n",
1698 test_try_count, test_pass_count, test_fail_count);
1699 if (test_fail_count) {
1705 pr_info("Benchmarks\n");
1706 ret = run_benchmarks();
1711 #if __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ >= 7
1712 /* We are able to run all test cases so coverage should be complete */
1713 if (coverage_fail) {
1714 pr_err("FAIL: Test coverage checks failed\n");
1722 pr_info("Finished kprobe tests OK\n");
1724 pr_err("kprobe tests failed\n");
1736 static void __exit kprobe_test_exit(void)
1740 module_init(run_all_tests)
1741 module_exit(kprobe_test_exit)
1742 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
1746 late_initcall(run_all_tests);