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1 /*
2  * arch/arm/kernel/unwind.c
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2008 ARM Limited
5  *
6  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
9  *
10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
14  *
15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
18  *
19  *
20  * Stack unwinding support for ARM
21  *
22  * An ARM EABI version of gcc is required to generate the unwind
23  * tables. For information about the structure of the unwind tables,
24  * see "Exception Handling ABI for the ARM Architecture" at:
25  *
26  * http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.subset.swdev.abi/index.html
27  */
28
29 #ifndef __CHECKER__
30 #if !defined (__ARM_EABI__)
31 #warning Your compiler does not have EABI support.
32 #warning    ARM unwind is known to compile only with EABI compilers.
33 #warning    Change compiler or disable ARM_UNWIND option.
34 #elif (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 2)
35 #warning Your compiler is too buggy; it is known to not compile ARM unwind support.
36 #warning    Change compiler or disable ARM_UNWIND option.
37 #endif
38 #endif /* __CHECKER__ */
39
40 #include <linux/kernel.h>
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/module.h>
43 #include <linux/sched.h>
44 #include <linux/slab.h>
45 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
46 #include <linux/list.h>
47
48 #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
49 #include <asm/traps.h>
50 #include <asm/unwind.h>
51
52 /* Dummy functions to avoid linker complaints */
53 void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0(void)
54 {
55 };
56 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0);
57
58 void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1(void)
59 {
60 };
61 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1);
62
63 void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr2(void)
64 {
65 };
66 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr2);
67
68 struct unwind_ctrl_block {
69         unsigned long vrs[16];          /* virtual register set */
70         unsigned long *insn;            /* pointer to the current instructions word */
71         int entries;                    /* number of entries left to interpret */
72         int byte;                       /* current byte number in the instructions word */
73 };
74
75 enum regs {
76 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
77         FP = 7,
78 #else
79         FP = 11,
80 #endif
81         SP = 13,
82         LR = 14,
83         PC = 15
84 };
85
86 extern struct unwind_idx __start_unwind_idx[];
87 extern struct unwind_idx __stop_unwind_idx[];
88
89 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(unwind_lock);
90 static LIST_HEAD(unwind_tables);
91
92 /* Convert a prel31 symbol to an absolute address */
93 #define prel31_to_addr(ptr)                             \
94 ({                                                      \
95         /* sign-extend to 32 bits */                    \
96         long offset = (((long)*(ptr)) << 1) >> 1;       \
97         (unsigned long)(ptr) + offset;                  \
98 })
99
100 /*
101  * Binary search in the unwind index. The entries entries are
102  * guaranteed to be sorted in ascending order by the linker.
103  */
104 static struct unwind_idx *search_index(unsigned long addr,
105                                        struct unwind_idx *first,
106                                        struct unwind_idx *last)
107 {
108         pr_debug("%s(%08lx, %p, %p)\n", __func__, addr, first, last);
109
110         if (addr < first->addr) {
111                 pr_warning("unwind: Unknown symbol address %08lx\n", addr);
112                 return NULL;
113         } else if (addr >= last->addr)
114                 return last;
115
116         while (first < last - 1) {
117                 struct unwind_idx *mid = first + ((last - first + 1) >> 1);
118
119                 if (addr < mid->addr)
120                         last = mid;
121                 else
122                         first = mid;
123         }
124
125         return first;
126 }
127
128 static struct unwind_idx *unwind_find_idx(unsigned long addr)
129 {
130         struct unwind_idx *idx = NULL;
131         unsigned long flags;
132
133         pr_debug("%s(%08lx)\n", __func__, addr);
134
135         if (core_kernel_text(addr))
136                 /* main unwind table */
137                 idx = search_index(addr, __start_unwind_idx,
138                                    __stop_unwind_idx - 1);
139         else {
140                 /* module unwind tables */
141                 struct unwind_table *table;
142
143                 spin_lock_irqsave(&unwind_lock, flags);
144                 list_for_each_entry(table, &unwind_tables, list) {
145                         if (addr >= table->begin_addr &&
146                             addr < table->end_addr) {
147                                 idx = search_index(addr, table->start,
148                                                    table->stop - 1);
149                                 /* Move-to-front to exploit common traces */
150                                 list_move(&table->list, &unwind_tables);
151                                 break;
152                         }
153                 }
154                 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&unwind_lock, flags);
155         }
156
157         pr_debug("%s: idx = %p\n", __func__, idx);
158         return idx;
159 }
160
161 static unsigned long unwind_get_byte(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl)
162 {
163         unsigned long ret;
164
165         if (ctrl->entries <= 0) {
166                 pr_warning("unwind: Corrupt unwind table\n");
167                 return 0;
168         }
169
170         ret = (*ctrl->insn >> (ctrl->byte * 8)) & 0xff;
171
172         if (ctrl->byte == 0) {
173                 ctrl->insn++;
174                 ctrl->entries--;
175                 ctrl->byte = 3;
176         } else
177                 ctrl->byte--;
178
179         return ret;
180 }
181
182 /*
183  * Execute the current unwind instruction.
184  */
185 static int unwind_exec_insn(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl)
186 {
187         unsigned long insn = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
188
189         pr_debug("%s: insn = %08lx\n", __func__, insn);
190
191         if ((insn & 0xc0) == 0x00)
192                 ctrl->vrs[SP] += ((insn & 0x3f) << 2) + 4;
193         else if ((insn & 0xc0) == 0x40)
194                 ctrl->vrs[SP] -= ((insn & 0x3f) << 2) + 4;
195         else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0x80) {
196                 unsigned long mask;
197                 unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
198                 int load_sp, reg = 4;
199
200                 insn = (insn << 8) | unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
201                 mask = insn & 0x0fff;
202                 if (mask == 0) {
203                         pr_warning("unwind: 'Refuse to unwind' instruction %04lx\n",
204                                    insn);
205                         return -URC_FAILURE;
206                 }
207
208                 /* pop R4-R15 according to mask */
209                 load_sp = mask & (1 << (13 - 4));
210                 while (mask) {
211                         if (mask & 1)
212                                 ctrl->vrs[reg] = *vsp++;
213                         mask >>= 1;
214                         reg++;
215                 }
216                 if (!load_sp)
217                         ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;
218         } else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0x90 &&
219                    (insn & 0x0d) != 0x0d)
220                 ctrl->vrs[SP] = ctrl->vrs[insn & 0x0f];
221         else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0xa0) {
222                 unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
223                 int reg;
224
225                 /* pop R4-R[4+bbb] */
226                 for (reg = 4; reg <= 4 + (insn & 7); reg++)
227                         ctrl->vrs[reg] = *vsp++;
228                 if (insn & 0x80)
229                         ctrl->vrs[14] = *vsp++;
230                 ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;
231         } else if (insn == 0xb0) {
232                 if (ctrl->vrs[PC] == 0)
233                         ctrl->vrs[PC] = ctrl->vrs[LR];
234                 /* no further processing */
235                 ctrl->entries = 0;
236         } else if (insn == 0xb1) {
237                 unsigned long mask = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
238                 unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
239                 int reg = 0;
240
241                 if (mask == 0 || mask & 0xf0) {
242                         pr_warning("unwind: Spare encoding %04lx\n",
243                                (insn << 8) | mask);
244                         return -URC_FAILURE;
245                 }
246
247                 /* pop R0-R3 according to mask */
248                 while (mask) {
249                         if (mask & 1)
250                                 ctrl->vrs[reg] = *vsp++;
251                         mask >>= 1;
252                         reg++;
253                 }
254                 ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;
255         } else if (insn == 0xb2) {
256                 unsigned long uleb128 = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
257
258                 ctrl->vrs[SP] += 0x204 + (uleb128 << 2);
259         } else {
260                 pr_warning("unwind: Unhandled instruction %02lx\n", insn);
261                 return -URC_FAILURE;
262         }
263
264         pr_debug("%s: fp = %08lx sp = %08lx lr = %08lx pc = %08lx\n", __func__,
265                  ctrl->vrs[FP], ctrl->vrs[SP], ctrl->vrs[LR], ctrl->vrs[PC]);
266
267         return URC_OK;
268 }
269
270 /*
271  * Unwind a single frame starting with *sp for the symbol at *pc. It
272  * updates the *pc and *sp with the new values.
273  */
274 int unwind_frame(struct stackframe *frame)
275 {
276         unsigned long high, low;
277         struct unwind_idx *idx;
278         struct unwind_ctrl_block ctrl;
279
280         /* only go to a higher address on the stack */
281         low = frame->sp;
282         high = ALIGN(low, THREAD_SIZE);
283
284         pr_debug("%s(pc = %08lx lr = %08lx sp = %08lx)\n", __func__,
285                  frame->pc, frame->lr, frame->sp);
286
287         if (!kernel_text_address(frame->pc))
288                 return -URC_FAILURE;
289
290         idx = unwind_find_idx(frame->pc);
291         if (!idx) {
292                 pr_warning("unwind: Index not found %08lx\n", frame->pc);
293                 return -URC_FAILURE;
294         }
295
296         ctrl.vrs[FP] = frame->fp;
297         ctrl.vrs[SP] = frame->sp;
298         ctrl.vrs[LR] = frame->lr;
299         ctrl.vrs[PC] = 0;
300
301         if (idx->insn == 1)
302                 /* can't unwind */
303                 return -URC_FAILURE;
304         else if ((idx->insn & 0x80000000) == 0)
305                 /* prel31 to the unwind table */
306                 ctrl.insn = (unsigned long *)prel31_to_addr(&idx->insn);
307         else if ((idx->insn & 0xff000000) == 0x80000000)
308                 /* only personality routine 0 supported in the index */
309                 ctrl.insn = &idx->insn;
310         else {
311                 pr_warning("unwind: Unsupported personality routine %08lx in the index at %p\n",
312                            idx->insn, idx);
313                 return -URC_FAILURE;
314         }
315
316         /* check the personality routine */
317         if ((*ctrl.insn & 0xff000000) == 0x80000000) {
318                 ctrl.byte = 2;
319                 ctrl.entries = 1;
320         } else if ((*ctrl.insn & 0xff000000) == 0x81000000) {
321                 ctrl.byte = 1;
322                 ctrl.entries = 1 + ((*ctrl.insn & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
323         } else {
324                 pr_warning("unwind: Unsupported personality routine %08lx at %p\n",
325                            *ctrl.insn, ctrl.insn);
326                 return -URC_FAILURE;
327         }
328
329         while (ctrl.entries > 0) {
330                 int urc = unwind_exec_insn(&ctrl);
331                 if (urc < 0)
332                         return urc;
333                 if (ctrl.vrs[SP] < low || ctrl.vrs[SP] >= high)
334                         return -URC_FAILURE;
335         }
336
337         if (ctrl.vrs[PC] == 0)
338                 ctrl.vrs[PC] = ctrl.vrs[LR];
339
340         /* check for infinite loop */
341         if (frame->pc == ctrl.vrs[PC])
342                 return -URC_FAILURE;
343
344         frame->fp = ctrl.vrs[FP];
345         frame->sp = ctrl.vrs[SP];
346         frame->lr = ctrl.vrs[LR];
347         frame->pc = ctrl.vrs[PC];
348
349         return URC_OK;
350 }
351
352 void unwind_backtrace(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *tsk)
353 {
354         struct stackframe frame;
355         register unsigned long current_sp asm ("sp");
356
357         pr_debug("%s(regs = %p tsk = %p)\n", __func__, regs, tsk);
358
359         if (!tsk)
360                 tsk = current;
361
362         if (regs) {
363                 frame.fp = regs->ARM_fp;
364                 frame.sp = regs->ARM_sp;
365                 frame.lr = regs->ARM_lr;
366                 /* PC might be corrupted, use LR in that case. */
367                 frame.pc = kernel_text_address(regs->ARM_pc)
368                          ? regs->ARM_pc : regs->ARM_lr;
369         } else if (tsk == current) {
370                 frame.fp = (unsigned long)__builtin_frame_address(0);
371                 frame.sp = current_sp;
372                 frame.lr = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
373                 frame.pc = (unsigned long)unwind_backtrace;
374         } else {
375                 /* task blocked in __switch_to */
376                 frame.fp = thread_saved_fp(tsk);
377                 frame.sp = thread_saved_sp(tsk);
378                 /*
379                  * The function calling __switch_to cannot be a leaf function
380                  * so LR is recovered from the stack.
381                  */
382                 frame.lr = 0;
383                 frame.pc = thread_saved_pc(tsk);
384         }
385
386         while (1) {
387                 int urc;
388                 unsigned long where = frame.pc;
389
390                 urc = unwind_frame(&frame);
391                 if (urc < 0)
392                         break;
393                 dump_backtrace_entry(where, frame.pc, frame.sp - 4);
394         }
395 }
396
397 struct unwind_table *unwind_table_add(unsigned long start, unsigned long size,
398                                       unsigned long text_addr,
399                                       unsigned long text_size)
400 {
401         unsigned long flags;
402         struct unwind_idx *idx;
403         struct unwind_table *tab = kmalloc(sizeof(*tab), GFP_KERNEL);
404
405         pr_debug("%s(%08lx, %08lx, %08lx, %08lx)\n", __func__, start, size,
406                  text_addr, text_size);
407
408         if (!tab)
409                 return tab;
410
411         tab->start = (struct unwind_idx *)start;
412         tab->stop = (struct unwind_idx *)(start + size);
413         tab->begin_addr = text_addr;
414         tab->end_addr = text_addr + text_size;
415
416         /* Convert the symbol addresses to absolute values */
417         for (idx = tab->start; idx < tab->stop; idx++)
418                 idx->addr = prel31_to_addr(&idx->addr);
419
420         spin_lock_irqsave(&unwind_lock, flags);
421         list_add_tail(&tab->list, &unwind_tables);
422         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&unwind_lock, flags);
423
424         return tab;
425 }
426
427 void unwind_table_del(struct unwind_table *tab)
428 {
429         unsigned long flags;
430
431         if (!tab)
432                 return;
433
434         spin_lock_irqsave(&unwind_lock, flags);
435         list_del(&tab->list);
436         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&unwind_lock, flags);
437
438         kfree(tab);
439 }
440
441 int __init unwind_init(void)
442 {
443         struct unwind_idx *idx;
444
445         /* Convert the symbol addresses to absolute values */
446         for (idx = __start_unwind_idx; idx < __stop_unwind_idx; idx++)
447                 idx->addr = prel31_to_addr(&idx->addr);
448
449         pr_debug("unwind: ARM stack unwinding initialised\n");
450
451         return 0;
452 }