2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
17 #include <linux/initrd.h>
18 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
19 #include <linux/highmem.h>
20 #include <linux/gfp.h>
21 #include <linux/memblock.h>
22 #include <linux/sort.h>
24 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
26 #include <asm/sections.h>
27 #include <asm/setup.h>
28 #include <asm/sizes.h>
30 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
32 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
33 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
37 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
38 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
40 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
42 unsigned long start, size;
45 start = memparse(p, &endp);
47 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
49 phys_initrd_start = start;
50 phys_initrd_size = size;
54 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
56 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
58 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
59 "please update your bootloader.\n");
60 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
61 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
65 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
67 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
69 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
70 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
74 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
76 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
77 void __init early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
79 phys_initrd_start = start;
80 phys_initrd_size = end - start;
82 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
85 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
86 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
87 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
89 struct meminfo meminfo;
91 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
93 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
94 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
95 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
97 printk("Mem-info:\n");
98 show_free_areas(filter);
100 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
101 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
102 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
103 struct page *page, *end;
105 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
106 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
108 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
109 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
113 if (PageReserved(page))
115 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
117 else if (PageSlab(page))
119 else if (!page_count(page))
122 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
124 } while (page < end);
127 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
128 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
129 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
130 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
131 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
132 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
135 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
136 unsigned long *max_high)
138 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
142 *max_low = *max_high = 0;
144 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
145 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
146 unsigned long start, end;
148 start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
149 end = bank_pfn_end(bank);
162 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
163 unsigned long end_pfn)
165 struct memblock_region *reg;
166 unsigned int boot_pages;
171 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
172 * of memory which has already been mapped.
174 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
175 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
176 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
179 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
180 * memory banks over to bootmem.
183 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
184 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
186 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
187 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
188 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
189 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
196 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
199 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
200 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
201 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
202 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
209 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
210 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
214 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
216 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
217 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
218 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
219 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
223 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
224 unsigned long dma_size)
226 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
229 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
230 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
231 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
236 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
237 unsigned long max_high)
239 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
240 struct memblock_region *reg;
243 * initialise the zones.
245 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
248 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
249 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
250 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
252 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
253 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
254 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
258 * Calculate the size of the holes.
259 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
261 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
262 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
263 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
264 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
266 if (start < max_low) {
267 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
268 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
270 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
272 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
273 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
278 #ifdef ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE
279 #ifndef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
280 #error ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE set but no DMA zone to limit allocations
284 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
287 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
288 ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT);
290 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE - 1;
293 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
296 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
297 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
299 return memblock_is_memory(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
301 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
304 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
305 static void arm_memory_present(void)
309 static void arm_memory_present(void)
311 struct memblock_region *reg;
313 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
314 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
315 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
319 static int __init meminfo_cmp(const void *_a, const void *_b)
321 const struct membank *a = _a, *b = _b;
322 long cmp = bank_pfn_start(a) - bank_pfn_start(b);
323 return cmp < 0 ? -1 : cmp > 0 ? 1 : 0;
326 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi, struct machine_desc *mdesc)
330 sort(&meminfo.bank, meminfo.nr_banks, sizeof(meminfo.bank[0]), meminfo_cmp, NULL);
333 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
334 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
336 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
337 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
338 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
340 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
342 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
343 if (phys_initrd_size &&
344 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
345 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
346 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
347 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
349 if (phys_initrd_size &&
350 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
351 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
352 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
353 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
355 if (phys_initrd_size) {
356 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
358 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
359 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
360 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
364 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
365 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
367 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
375 void __init bootmem_init(void)
377 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
379 max_low = max_high = 0;
381 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
383 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
386 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
387 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
389 arm_memory_present();
392 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
397 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
398 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
399 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
401 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
403 high_memory = __va(((phys_addr_t)max_low << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1) + 1;
406 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
407 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
408 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
410 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
411 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
413 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
414 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
417 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end, char *s)
419 unsigned int pages = 0, size = (end - pfn) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
421 for (; pfn < end; pfn++) {
422 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
423 ClearPageReserved(page);
424 init_page_count(page);
430 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s, size);
436 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
438 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
439 unsigned long pg, pgend;
442 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
444 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
445 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
448 * Convert to physical addresses, and
449 * round start upwards and end downwards.
451 pg = (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
452 pgend = (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
455 * If there are free pages between these,
456 * free the section of the memmap array.
459 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
463 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
465 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
467 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
471 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
472 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
474 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
475 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
477 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
479 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
481 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
482 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
484 bank_start = min(bank_start,
485 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
488 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
489 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
491 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
492 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
495 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
496 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
497 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
499 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
502 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
503 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
504 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
505 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
509 static void __init free_highpages(void)
511 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
512 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
513 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
515 /* set highmem page free */
516 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
517 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
518 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
520 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
524 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
528 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
529 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
530 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
532 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
533 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
537 if (res_start < start)
543 if (res_start != start)
544 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, res_start,
551 /* And now free anything which remains */
553 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, end, NULL);
555 totalram_pages += totalhigh_pages;
560 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
561 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
562 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
564 void __init mem_init(void)
566 unsigned long reserved_pages, free_pages;
567 struct memblock_region *reg;
569 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
570 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
575 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
577 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
578 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
580 totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
583 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
584 totalram_pages += free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET,
585 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir)), NULL);
590 reserved_pages = free_pages = 0;
592 for_each_bank(i, &meminfo) {
593 struct membank *bank = &meminfo.bank[i];
594 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
595 struct page *page, *end;
597 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
598 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
600 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
601 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
604 if (PageReserved(page))
606 else if (!page_count(page))
609 } while (page < end);
613 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
614 * real number of pages we have in this system
616 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory:");
618 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
619 unsigned long pages = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg) -
620 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
621 num_physpages += pages;
622 printk(" %ldMB", pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
624 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
626 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
627 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
628 free_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
629 reserved_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
630 totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10));
632 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
633 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
634 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
636 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
637 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
638 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
639 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
640 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
642 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
644 " DMA : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
646 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
647 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
648 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
649 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
651 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
652 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
653 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
654 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
655 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
657 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
659 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
660 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
661 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
663 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
665 MLM(CONSISTENT_BASE, CONSISTENT_END),
667 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
668 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
669 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
670 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
673 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
675 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
676 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
677 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
678 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
685 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
686 * be detected at build time already.
689 BUILD_BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END > CONSISTENT_BASE);
690 BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END > CONSISTENT_BASE);
692 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
693 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
696 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
697 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
698 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
701 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && num_physpages <= 128) {
702 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
704 * On a machine this small we won't get
705 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
708 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
712 void free_initmem(void)
714 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
715 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
717 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start)),
718 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end)),
722 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
723 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin)),
724 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end)),
728 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
730 static int keep_initrd;
732 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
735 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start)),
736 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end)),
740 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
746 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);