2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
17 #include <linux/initrd.h>
18 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
19 #include <linux/highmem.h>
20 #include <linux/gfp.h>
21 #include <linux/memblock.h>
22 #include <linux/sort.h>
24 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
26 #include <asm/sections.h>
27 #include <asm/setup.h>
28 #include <asm/sizes.h>
30 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
32 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
33 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
37 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
38 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
40 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
42 unsigned long start, size;
45 start = memparse(p, &endp);
47 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
49 phys_initrd_start = start;
50 phys_initrd_size = size;
54 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
56 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
58 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
59 "please update your bootloader.\n");
60 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
61 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
65 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
67 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
69 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
70 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
74 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
76 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
77 void __init early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
79 phys_initrd_start = start;
80 phys_initrd_size = end - start;
82 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
85 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
86 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
87 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
89 struct meminfo meminfo;
91 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
93 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
94 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
95 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
97 printk("Mem-info:\n");
98 show_free_areas(filter);
100 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
101 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
102 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
103 struct page *page, *end;
105 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
106 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
108 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
109 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
113 if (PageReserved(page))
115 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
117 else if (PageSlab(page))
119 else if (!page_count(page))
122 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
124 } while (page < end);
127 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
128 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
129 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
130 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
131 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
132 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
135 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
136 unsigned long *max_high)
138 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
142 *max_low = *max_high = 0;
144 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
145 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
146 unsigned long start, end;
148 start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
149 end = bank_pfn_end(bank);
162 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
163 unsigned long end_pfn)
165 struct memblock_region *reg;
166 unsigned int boot_pages;
171 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
172 * of memory which has already been mapped.
174 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
175 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
176 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
179 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
180 * memory banks over to bootmem.
183 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
184 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
186 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
187 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
188 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
189 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
196 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
199 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
200 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
201 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
202 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
209 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
210 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
214 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
216 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
217 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
220 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
221 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
222 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
223 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
227 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
228 unsigned long dma_size)
230 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
233 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
234 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
235 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
240 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
241 unsigned long max_high)
243 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
244 struct memblock_region *reg;
247 * initialise the zones.
249 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
252 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
253 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
254 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
256 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
257 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
258 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
262 * Calculate the size of the holes.
263 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
265 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
266 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
267 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
268 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
270 if (start < max_low) {
271 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
272 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
274 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
276 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
277 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
282 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
284 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
287 if (arm_dma_zone_size) {
288 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
289 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
290 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
292 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
295 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
298 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
299 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
301 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn));
303 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
306 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
307 static void arm_memory_present(void)
311 static void arm_memory_present(void)
313 struct memblock_region *reg;
315 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
316 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
317 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
321 static int __init meminfo_cmp(const void *_a, const void *_b)
323 const struct membank *a = _a, *b = _b;
324 long cmp = bank_pfn_start(a) - bank_pfn_start(b);
325 return cmp < 0 ? -1 : cmp > 0 ? 1 : 0;
328 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi, struct machine_desc *mdesc)
332 sort(&meminfo.bank, meminfo.nr_banks, sizeof(meminfo.bank[0]), meminfo_cmp, NULL);
335 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
336 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
338 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
339 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
340 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
342 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
344 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
345 if (phys_initrd_size &&
346 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
347 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
348 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
349 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
351 if (phys_initrd_size &&
352 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
353 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
354 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
355 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
357 if (phys_initrd_size) {
358 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
360 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
361 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
362 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
366 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
367 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
369 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
377 void __init bootmem_init(void)
379 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
381 max_low = max_high = 0;
383 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
385 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
388 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
389 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
391 arm_memory_present();
394 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
399 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
400 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
401 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
403 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
405 high_memory = __va(((phys_addr_t)max_low << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1) + 1;
408 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
409 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
410 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
412 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
413 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
415 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
416 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
419 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end, char *s)
421 unsigned int pages = 0, size = (end - pfn) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
423 for (; pfn < end; pfn++) {
424 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
425 ClearPageReserved(page);
426 init_page_count(page);
432 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s, size);
438 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
439 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
441 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s, size_t count)
444 for (; count != 0; count -= 4)
449 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
451 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
452 unsigned long pg, pgend;
455 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
457 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
458 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
461 * Convert to physical addresses, and
462 * round start upwards and end downwards.
464 pg = (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
465 pgend = (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
468 * If there are free pages between these,
469 * free the section of the memmap array.
472 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
476 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
478 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
480 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
484 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
485 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
487 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
488 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
490 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
492 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
494 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
495 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
497 bank_start = min(bank_start,
498 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
501 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
502 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
504 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
505 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
508 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
509 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
510 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
512 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
515 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
516 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
517 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
518 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
522 static void __init free_highpages(void)
524 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
525 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
526 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
528 /* set highmem page free */
529 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
530 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
531 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
533 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
537 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
541 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
542 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
543 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
545 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
546 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
550 if (res_start < start)
556 if (res_start != start)
557 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, res_start,
564 /* And now free anything which remains */
566 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, end, NULL);
568 totalram_pages += totalhigh_pages;
573 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
574 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
575 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
577 void __init mem_init(void)
579 unsigned long reserved_pages, free_pages;
580 struct memblock_region *reg;
582 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
583 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
588 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
590 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
591 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
593 totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
596 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
597 totalram_pages += free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET,
598 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir)), NULL);
603 reserved_pages = free_pages = 0;
605 for_each_bank(i, &meminfo) {
606 struct membank *bank = &meminfo.bank[i];
607 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
608 struct page *page, *end;
610 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
611 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
613 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
614 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
617 if (PageReserved(page))
619 else if (!page_count(page))
622 } while (page < end);
626 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
627 * real number of pages we have in this system
629 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory:");
631 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
632 unsigned long pages = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg) -
633 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
634 num_physpages += pages;
635 printk(" %ldMB", pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
637 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
639 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
640 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
641 free_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
642 reserved_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
643 totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10));
645 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
646 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
647 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
649 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
650 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
651 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
652 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
653 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
655 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
656 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
657 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
658 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
659 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
661 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
662 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
663 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
664 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
665 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
667 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
669 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
670 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
671 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
673 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
674 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
675 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
676 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
677 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
680 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
682 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
683 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
684 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
685 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
692 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
693 * be detected at build time already.
696 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
697 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
700 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
701 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
702 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
705 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && num_physpages <= 128) {
706 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
708 * On a machine this small we won't get
709 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
712 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
716 void free_initmem(void)
718 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
719 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
721 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end - &__tcm_start);
722 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start)),
723 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end)),
727 poison_init_mem(__init_begin, __init_end - __init_begin);
728 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
729 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin)),
730 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end)),
734 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
736 static int keep_initrd;
738 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
741 poison_init_mem((void *)start, PAGE_ALIGN(end) - start);
742 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start)),
743 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end)),
748 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
754 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);