2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
24 #include <linux/sizes.h>
26 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
27 #include <asm/memblock.h>
29 #include <asm/sections.h>
30 #include <asm/setup.h>
32 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
35 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
39 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
40 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
42 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
44 unsigned long start, size;
47 start = memparse(p, &endp);
49 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
51 phys_initrd_start = start;
52 phys_initrd_size = size;
56 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
58 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
60 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
61 "please update your bootloader.\n");
62 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
63 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
67 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
69 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
71 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
72 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
76 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
78 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
79 void __init early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
81 phys_initrd_start = start;
82 phys_initrd_size = end - start;
84 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
87 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
88 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
89 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
91 struct meminfo meminfo;
93 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
95 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
96 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
97 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
99 printk("Mem-info:\n");
100 show_free_areas(filter);
102 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
103 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
104 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
105 struct page *page, *end;
107 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
108 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
110 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
111 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
115 if (PageReserved(page))
117 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
119 else if (PageSlab(page))
121 else if (!page_count(page))
124 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
126 } while (page < end);
129 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
130 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
131 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
132 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
133 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
134 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
137 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
138 unsigned long *max_high)
140 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
143 /* This assumes the meminfo array is properly sorted */
144 *min = bank_pfn_start(&mi->bank[0]);
145 for_each_bank (i, mi)
146 if (mi->bank[i].highmem)
148 *max_low = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[i - 1]);
149 *max_high = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[mi->nr_banks - 1]);
152 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
153 unsigned long end_pfn)
155 struct memblock_region *reg;
156 unsigned int boot_pages;
161 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
162 * of memory which has already been mapped.
164 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
165 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
166 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
169 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
170 * memory banks over to bootmem.
173 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
174 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
176 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
177 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
178 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
179 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
186 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
189 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
190 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
191 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
192 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
199 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
200 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
204 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
206 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
207 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
210 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
211 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
212 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
213 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
215 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit;
217 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
218 unsigned long dma_size)
220 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
223 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
224 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
225 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
230 void __init setup_dma_zone(struct machine_desc *mdesc)
232 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
233 if (mdesc->dma_zone_size) {
234 arm_dma_zone_size = mdesc->dma_zone_size;
235 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
237 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
241 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
242 unsigned long max_high)
244 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
245 struct memblock_region *reg;
248 * initialise the zones.
250 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
253 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
254 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
255 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
257 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
258 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
259 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
263 * Calculate the size of the holes.
264 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
266 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
267 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
268 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
269 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
271 if (start < max_low) {
272 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
273 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
275 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
277 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
278 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
283 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
285 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
288 if (arm_dma_zone_size)
289 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
290 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
293 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
296 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
297 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
299 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn));
301 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
304 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
305 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
309 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
311 struct memblock_region *reg;
313 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
314 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
315 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
319 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted = true;
321 phys_addr_t __init arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align)
325 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted);
327 phys = memblock_alloc_base(size, align, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE);
328 memblock_free(phys, size);
329 memblock_remove(phys, size);
334 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi, struct machine_desc *mdesc)
338 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
339 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
341 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
342 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
343 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
345 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
347 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
348 if (phys_initrd_size &&
349 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
350 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
351 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
352 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
354 if (phys_initrd_size &&
355 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
356 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
357 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
358 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
360 if (phys_initrd_size) {
361 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
363 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
364 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
365 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
369 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
370 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
372 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
377 * reserve memory for DMA contigouos allocations,
378 * must come from DMA area inside low memory
380 dma_contiguous_reserve(min(arm_dma_limit, arm_lowmem_limit));
382 arm_memblock_steal_permitted = false;
383 memblock_allow_resize();
387 void __init bootmem_init(void)
389 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
391 max_low = max_high = 0;
393 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
395 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
398 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
399 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
401 arm_memory_present();
404 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
409 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
410 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
411 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
413 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
416 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
417 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
418 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
420 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
421 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
423 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
424 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
427 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end, char *s)
429 unsigned int pages = 0, size = (end - pfn) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
431 for (; pfn < end; pfn++) {
432 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
433 ClearPageReserved(page);
434 init_page_count(page);
440 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s, size);
446 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
447 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
449 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s, size_t count)
452 for (; count != 0; count -= 4)
457 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
459 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
460 unsigned long pg, pgend;
463 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
465 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
466 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
469 * Convert to physical addresses, and
470 * round start upwards and end downwards.
472 pg = (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
473 pgend = (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
476 * If there are free pages between these,
477 * free the section of the memmap array.
480 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
484 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
486 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
488 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
492 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
493 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
495 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
496 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
498 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
500 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
502 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
503 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
505 bank_start = min(bank_start,
506 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
509 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
510 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
511 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
513 bank_start = round_down(bank_start, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
516 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
517 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
519 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
520 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
523 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
524 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
525 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
527 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
530 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
531 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
532 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
533 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
537 static void __init free_highpages(void)
539 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
540 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
541 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
543 /* set highmem page free */
544 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
545 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
546 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
548 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
552 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
556 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
557 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
558 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
560 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
561 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
565 if (res_start < start)
571 if (res_start != start)
572 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, res_start,
579 /* And now free anything which remains */
581 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, end, NULL);
583 totalram_pages += totalhigh_pages;
588 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
589 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
590 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
592 void __init mem_init(void)
594 unsigned long reserved_pages, free_pages;
595 struct memblock_region *reg;
597 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
598 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
603 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
605 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
606 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
608 totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
611 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
612 totalram_pages += free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET,
613 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir)), NULL);
618 reserved_pages = free_pages = 0;
620 for_each_bank(i, &meminfo) {
621 struct membank *bank = &meminfo.bank[i];
622 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
623 struct page *page, *end;
625 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
626 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
628 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
629 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
632 if (PageReserved(page))
634 else if (!page_count(page))
637 } while (page < end);
641 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
642 * real number of pages we have in this system
644 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory:");
646 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
647 unsigned long pages = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg) -
648 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
649 num_physpages += pages;
650 printk(" %ldMB", pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
652 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
654 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
655 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
656 free_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
657 reserved_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
658 totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10));
660 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
661 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
662 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
664 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
665 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
666 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
667 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
668 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
670 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
671 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
672 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
673 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
674 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
676 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
677 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
679 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
680 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
681 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
682 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
684 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
686 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
687 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
688 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
690 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
691 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
692 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
693 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
694 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
697 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
698 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
701 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
702 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
703 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
704 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
711 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
712 * be detected at build time already.
715 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
716 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
719 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
720 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
721 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
724 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && num_physpages <= 128) {
725 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
727 * On a machine this small we won't get
728 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
731 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
735 void free_initmem(void)
737 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
738 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
740 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end - &__tcm_start);
741 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start)),
742 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end)),
746 poison_init_mem(__init_begin, __init_end - __init_begin);
747 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
748 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin)),
749 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end)),
753 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
755 static int keep_initrd;
757 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
760 poison_init_mem((void *)start, PAGE_ALIGN(end) - start);
761 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start)),
762 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end)),
767 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
773 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);