2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
24 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
26 #include <asm/sections.h>
27 #include <asm/setup.h>
28 #include <asm/sizes.h>
30 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
32 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
33 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
37 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
38 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
40 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
42 unsigned long start, size;
45 start = memparse(p, &endp);
47 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
49 phys_initrd_start = start;
50 phys_initrd_size = size;
54 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
56 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
58 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
59 "please update your bootloader.\n");
60 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
61 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
65 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
67 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
69 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
70 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
74 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
76 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
77 void __init early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
79 phys_initrd_start = start;
80 phys_initrd_size = end - start;
82 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
85 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
86 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
87 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
89 struct meminfo meminfo;
91 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
93 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
94 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
95 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
97 printk("Mem-info:\n");
98 show_free_areas(filter);
100 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
101 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
102 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
103 struct page *page, *end;
105 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
106 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
108 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
109 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
113 if (PageReserved(page))
115 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
117 else if (PageSlab(page))
119 else if (!page_count(page))
122 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
124 } while (page < end);
127 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
128 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
129 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
130 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
131 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
132 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
135 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
136 unsigned long *max_high)
138 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
141 /* This assumes the meminfo array is properly sorted */
142 *min = bank_pfn_start(&mi->bank[0]);
143 for_each_bank (i, mi)
144 if (mi->bank[i].highmem)
146 *max_low = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[i - 1]);
147 *max_high = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[mi->nr_banks - 1]);
150 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
151 unsigned long end_pfn)
153 struct memblock_region *reg;
154 unsigned int boot_pages;
159 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
160 * of memory which has already been mapped.
162 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
163 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
164 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
167 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
168 * memory banks over to bootmem.
171 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
172 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
174 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
175 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
176 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
177 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
184 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
187 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
188 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
189 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
190 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
197 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
198 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
202 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
204 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
205 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
208 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
209 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
210 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
211 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
215 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
216 unsigned long dma_size)
218 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
221 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
222 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
223 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
228 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
229 unsigned long max_high)
231 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
232 struct memblock_region *reg;
235 * initialise the zones.
237 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
240 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
241 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
242 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
244 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
245 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
246 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
250 * Calculate the size of the holes.
251 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
253 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
254 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
255 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
256 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
258 if (start < max_low) {
259 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
260 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
262 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
264 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
265 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
270 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
272 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
275 if (arm_dma_zone_size) {
276 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
277 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
278 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
280 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
283 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
286 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
287 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
289 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn));
291 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
294 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
295 static void arm_memory_present(void)
299 static void arm_memory_present(void)
301 struct memblock_region *reg;
303 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
304 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
305 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
309 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi, struct machine_desc *mdesc)
314 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
315 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
317 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
318 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
319 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
321 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
323 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
324 if (phys_initrd_size &&
325 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
326 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
327 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
328 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
330 if (phys_initrd_size &&
331 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
332 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
333 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
334 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
336 if (phys_initrd_size) {
337 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
339 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
340 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
341 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
345 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
346 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
348 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
356 void __init bootmem_init(void)
358 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
360 max_low = max_high = 0;
362 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
364 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
367 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
368 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
370 arm_memory_present();
373 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
378 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
379 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
380 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
382 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
384 high_memory = __va(((phys_addr_t)max_low << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1) + 1;
387 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
388 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
389 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
391 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
392 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
394 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
395 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
398 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end, char *s)
400 unsigned int pages = 0, size = (end - pfn) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
402 for (; pfn < end; pfn++) {
403 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
404 ClearPageReserved(page);
405 init_page_count(page);
411 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s, size);
417 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
418 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
420 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s, size_t count)
423 for (; count != 0; count -= 4)
428 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
430 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
431 unsigned long pg, pgend;
434 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
436 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
437 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
440 * Convert to physical addresses, and
441 * round start upwards and end downwards.
443 pg = (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
444 pgend = (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
447 * If there are free pages between these,
448 * free the section of the memmap array.
451 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
455 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
457 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
459 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
463 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
464 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
466 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
467 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
469 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
471 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
473 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
474 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
476 bank_start = min(bank_start,
477 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
480 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
481 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
482 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
484 bank_start = round_down(bank_start, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
487 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
488 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
490 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
491 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
494 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
495 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
496 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
498 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
501 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
502 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
503 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
504 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
508 static void __init free_highpages(void)
510 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
511 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
512 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
514 /* set highmem page free */
515 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
516 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
517 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
519 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
523 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
527 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
528 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
529 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
531 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
532 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
536 if (res_start < start)
542 if (res_start != start)
543 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, res_start,
550 /* And now free anything which remains */
552 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, end, NULL);
554 totalram_pages += totalhigh_pages;
559 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
560 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
561 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
563 void __init mem_init(void)
565 unsigned long reserved_pages, free_pages;
566 struct memblock_region *reg;
568 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
569 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
574 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
576 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
577 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
579 totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
582 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
583 totalram_pages += free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET,
584 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir)), NULL);
589 reserved_pages = free_pages = 0;
591 for_each_bank(i, &meminfo) {
592 struct membank *bank = &meminfo.bank[i];
593 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
594 struct page *page, *end;
596 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
597 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
599 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
600 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
603 if (PageReserved(page))
605 else if (!page_count(page))
608 } while (page < end);
612 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
613 * real number of pages we have in this system
615 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory:");
617 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
618 unsigned long pages = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg) -
619 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
620 num_physpages += pages;
621 printk(" %ldMB", pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
623 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
625 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
626 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
627 free_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
628 reserved_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
629 totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10));
631 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
632 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
633 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
635 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
636 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
637 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
638 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
639 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
641 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
642 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
643 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
644 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
645 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
647 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
648 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
649 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
650 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
651 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
653 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
655 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
656 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
657 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
659 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
660 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
661 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
662 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
663 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
666 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
668 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
669 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
670 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
671 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
678 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
679 * be detected at build time already.
682 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
683 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
686 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
687 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
688 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
691 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && num_physpages <= 128) {
692 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
694 * On a machine this small we won't get
695 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
698 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
702 void free_initmem(void)
704 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
705 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
707 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end - &__tcm_start);
708 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start)),
709 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end)),
713 poison_init_mem(__init_begin, __init_end - __init_begin);
714 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
715 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin)),
716 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end)),
720 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
722 static int keep_initrd;
724 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
727 poison_init_mem((void *)start, PAGE_ALIGN(end) - start);
728 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start)),
729 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end)),
734 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
740 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);