2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
17 #include <linux/initrd.h>
18 #include <linux/highmem.h>
19 #include <linux/gfp.h>
20 #include <linux/memblock.h>
21 #include <linux/sort.h>
23 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
24 #include <asm/sections.h>
25 #include <asm/setup.h>
26 #include <asm/sizes.h>
28 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
30 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
31 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
35 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
36 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
38 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
40 unsigned long start, size;
43 start = memparse(p, &endp);
45 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
47 phys_initrd_start = start;
48 phys_initrd_size = size;
52 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
54 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
56 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
57 "please update your bootloader.\n");
58 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
59 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
63 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
65 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
67 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
68 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
72 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
75 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
76 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
77 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
79 struct meminfo meminfo;
81 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
83 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
84 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
85 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
87 printk("Mem-info:\n");
88 show_free_areas(filter);
90 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
91 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
92 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
93 struct page *page, *end;
95 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
96 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
98 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
99 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
103 if (PageReserved(page))
105 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
107 else if (PageSlab(page))
109 else if (!page_count(page))
112 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
114 } while (page < end);
117 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
118 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
119 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
120 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
121 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
122 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
125 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
126 unsigned long *max_high)
128 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
132 *max_low = *max_high = 0;
134 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
135 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
136 unsigned long start, end;
138 start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
139 end = bank_pfn_end(bank);
152 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
153 unsigned long end_pfn)
155 struct memblock_region *reg;
156 unsigned int boot_pages;
161 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
162 * of memory which has already been mapped.
164 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
165 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
166 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
169 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
170 * memory banks over to bootmem.
173 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
174 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
176 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
177 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
178 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
179 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
186 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
189 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
190 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
191 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
192 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
199 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
200 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
204 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
205 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
206 unsigned long dma_size)
208 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
211 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
212 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
213 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
218 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
219 unsigned long max_high)
221 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
222 struct memblock_region *reg;
225 * initialise the zones.
227 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
230 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
231 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
232 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
234 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
235 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
236 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
240 * Calculate the size of the holes.
241 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
243 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
244 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
245 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
246 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
248 if (start < max_low) {
249 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
250 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
252 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
254 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
255 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
260 #ifdef ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE
261 #ifndef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
262 #error ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE set but no DMA zone to limit allocations
266 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
269 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
270 ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT);
273 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
276 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
277 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
279 return memblock_is_memory(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
281 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
284 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
285 static void arm_memory_present(void)
289 static void arm_memory_present(void)
291 struct memblock_region *reg;
293 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
294 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
295 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
299 static int __init meminfo_cmp(const void *_a, const void *_b)
301 const struct membank *a = _a, *b = _b;
302 long cmp = bank_pfn_start(a) - bank_pfn_start(b);
303 return cmp < 0 ? -1 : cmp > 0 ? 1 : 0;
306 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi, struct machine_desc *mdesc)
310 sort(&meminfo.bank, meminfo.nr_banks, sizeof(meminfo.bank[0]), meminfo_cmp, NULL);
313 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
314 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
316 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
317 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
318 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
320 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
322 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
323 if (phys_initrd_size &&
324 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
325 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
326 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
327 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
329 if (phys_initrd_size) {
330 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
332 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
333 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
334 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
338 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
340 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
348 void __init bootmem_init(void)
350 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
352 max_low = max_high = 0;
354 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
356 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
359 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
360 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
362 arm_memory_present();
365 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
370 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
371 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
372 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
374 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
376 high_memory = __va(((phys_addr_t)max_low << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1) + 1;
379 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
380 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
381 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
383 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
384 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
386 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
387 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
390 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end, char *s)
392 unsigned int pages = 0, size = (end - pfn) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
394 for (; pfn < end; pfn++) {
395 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
396 ClearPageReserved(page);
397 init_page_count(page);
403 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s, size);
409 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
411 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
412 unsigned long pg, pgend;
415 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
417 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
418 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
421 * Convert to physical addresses, and
422 * round start upwards and end downwards.
424 pg = (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
425 pgend = (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
428 * If there are free pages between these,
429 * free the section of the memmap array.
432 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
436 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
438 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
440 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
444 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
445 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
447 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
448 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
450 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
452 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
454 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
455 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
457 bank_start = min(bank_start,
458 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
461 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
462 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
464 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
465 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
468 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
469 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
470 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
472 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
475 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
476 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
477 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
478 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
482 static void __init free_highpages(void)
484 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
485 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
486 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
488 /* set highmem page free */
489 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
490 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
491 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
493 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
497 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
501 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
502 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
503 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
505 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
506 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
510 if (res_start < start)
516 if (res_start != start)
517 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, res_start,
524 /* And now free anything which remains */
526 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, end, NULL);
528 totalram_pages += totalhigh_pages;
533 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
534 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
535 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
537 void __init mem_init(void)
539 unsigned long reserved_pages, free_pages;
540 struct memblock_region *reg;
542 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
543 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
548 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
550 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
551 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
553 totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
556 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
557 totalram_pages += free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET,
558 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir)), NULL);
563 reserved_pages = free_pages = 0;
565 for_each_bank(i, &meminfo) {
566 struct membank *bank = &meminfo.bank[i];
567 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
568 struct page *page, *end;
570 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
571 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
573 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
574 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
577 if (PageReserved(page))
579 else if (!page_count(page))
582 } while (page < end);
586 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
587 * real number of pages we have in this system
589 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory:");
591 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
592 unsigned long pages = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg) -
593 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
594 num_physpages += pages;
595 printk(" %ldMB", pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
597 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
599 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
600 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
601 free_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
602 reserved_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
603 totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10));
605 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
606 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
607 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
609 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
610 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
611 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
612 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
613 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
615 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
617 " DMA : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
619 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
620 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
621 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
622 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
624 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
625 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
626 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
627 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
629 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
631 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
632 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
633 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
635 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
637 MLM(CONSISTENT_BASE, CONSISTENT_END),
639 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
640 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
641 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
642 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
645 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
647 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
648 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
649 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata));
656 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
657 * be detected at build time already.
660 BUILD_BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END > CONSISTENT_BASE);
661 BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END > CONSISTENT_BASE);
663 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
664 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
667 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
668 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
669 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
672 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && num_physpages <= 128) {
673 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
675 * On a machine this small we won't get
676 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
679 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
683 void free_initmem(void)
685 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
686 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
688 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start)),
689 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end)),
693 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
694 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin)),
695 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end)),
699 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
701 static int keep_initrd;
703 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
706 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start)),
707 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end)),
711 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
717 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);