1 #include <linux/module.h>
2 #include <linux/sched.h>
3 #include <linux/mutex.h>
4 #include <linux/list.h>
5 #include <linux/stringify.h>
6 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
8 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
9 #include <linux/memory.h>
10 #include <linux/stop_machine.h>
11 #include <linux/slab.h>
12 #include <asm/alternative.h>
13 #include <asm/sections.h>
14 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
17 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
18 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
19 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
21 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
23 #define MAX_PATCH_LEN (255-1)
25 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
26 static int smp_alt_once;
28 static int __init bootonly(char *str)
33 __setup("smp-alt-boot", bootonly);
35 #define smp_alt_once 1
38 static int __initdata_or_module debug_alternative;
40 static int __init debug_alt(char *str)
42 debug_alternative = 1;
45 __setup("debug-alternative", debug_alt);
47 static int noreplace_smp;
49 static int __init setup_noreplace_smp(char *str)
54 __setup("noreplace-smp", setup_noreplace_smp);
56 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
57 static int __initdata_or_module noreplace_paravirt = 0;
59 static int __init setup_noreplace_paravirt(char *str)
61 noreplace_paravirt = 1;
64 __setup("noreplace-paravirt", setup_noreplace_paravirt);
67 #define DPRINTK(fmt, args...) if (debug_alternative) \
68 printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, args)
70 #if defined(GENERIC_NOP1) && !defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
71 /* Use inline assembly to define this because the nops are defined
72 as inline assembly strings in the include files and we cannot
73 get them easily into strings. */
74 asm("\t" __stringify(__INITRODATA_OR_MODULE) "\nintelnops: "
75 GENERIC_NOP1 GENERIC_NOP2 GENERIC_NOP3 GENERIC_NOP4 GENERIC_NOP5 GENERIC_NOP6
76 GENERIC_NOP7 GENERIC_NOP8
78 extern const unsigned char intelnops[];
79 static const unsigned char *const __initconst_or_module
80 intel_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = {
85 intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3,
86 intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4,
87 intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5,
88 intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6,
89 intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7,
94 asm("\t" __stringify(__INITRODATA_OR_MODULE) "\nk8nops: "
95 K8_NOP1 K8_NOP2 K8_NOP3 K8_NOP4 K8_NOP5 K8_NOP6
98 extern const unsigned char k8nops[];
99 static const unsigned char *const __initconst_or_module
100 k8_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = {
106 k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4,
107 k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5,
108 k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6,
109 k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7,
113 #if defined(K7_NOP1) && !defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
114 asm("\t" __stringify(__INITRODATA_OR_MODULE) "\nk7nops: "
115 K7_NOP1 K7_NOP2 K7_NOP3 K7_NOP4 K7_NOP5 K7_NOP6
118 extern const unsigned char k7nops[];
119 static const unsigned char *const __initconst_or_module
120 k7_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = {
126 k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4,
127 k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5,
128 k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6,
129 k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7,
134 asm("\t" __stringify(__INITRODATA_OR_MODULE) "\np6nops: "
135 P6_NOP1 P6_NOP2 P6_NOP3 P6_NOP4 P6_NOP5 P6_NOP6
138 extern const unsigned char p6nops[];
139 static const unsigned char *const __initconst_or_module
140 p6_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = {
146 p6nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4,
147 p6nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5,
148 p6nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6,
149 p6nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7,
155 extern char __vsyscall_0;
156 static const unsigned char *const *__init_or_module find_nop_table(void)
158 if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL &&
159 boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NOPL))
165 #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
167 static const unsigned char *const *__init_or_module find_nop_table(void)
169 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_K8))
171 else if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_K7))
173 else if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NOPL))
179 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
181 /* Use this to add nops to a buffer, then text_poke the whole buffer. */
182 static void __init_or_module add_nops(void *insns, unsigned int len)
184 const unsigned char *const *noptable = find_nop_table();
187 unsigned int noplen = len;
188 if (noplen > ASM_NOP_MAX)
189 noplen = ASM_NOP_MAX;
190 memcpy(insns, noptable[noplen], noplen);
196 extern struct alt_instr __alt_instructions[], __alt_instructions_end[];
197 extern s32 __smp_locks[], __smp_locks_end[];
198 static void *text_poke_early(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len);
200 /* Replace instructions with better alternatives for this CPU type.
201 This runs before SMP is initialized to avoid SMP problems with
202 self modifying code. This implies that assymetric systems where
203 APs have less capabilities than the boot processor are not handled.
204 Tough. Make sure you disable such features by hand. */
206 void __init_or_module apply_alternatives(struct alt_instr *start,
207 struct alt_instr *end)
210 u8 insnbuf[MAX_PATCH_LEN];
212 DPRINTK("%s: alt table %p -> %p\n", __func__, start, end);
213 for (a = start; a < end; a++) {
214 u8 *instr = a->instr;
215 BUG_ON(a->replacementlen > a->instrlen);
216 BUG_ON(a->instrlen > sizeof(insnbuf));
217 BUG_ON(a->cpuid >= NCAPINTS*32);
218 if (!boot_cpu_has(a->cpuid))
221 /* vsyscall code is not mapped yet. resolve it manually. */
222 if (instr >= (u8 *)VSYSCALL_START && instr < (u8*)VSYSCALL_END) {
223 instr = __va(instr - (u8*)VSYSCALL_START + (u8*)__pa_symbol(&__vsyscall_0));
224 DPRINTK("%s: vsyscall fixup: %p => %p\n",
225 __func__, a->instr, instr);
228 memcpy(insnbuf, a->replacement, a->replacementlen);
229 if (*insnbuf == 0xe8 && a->replacementlen == 5)
230 *(s32 *)(insnbuf + 1) += a->replacement - a->instr;
231 add_nops(insnbuf + a->replacementlen,
232 a->instrlen - a->replacementlen);
233 text_poke_early(instr, insnbuf, a->instrlen);
239 static void alternatives_smp_lock(const s32 *start, const s32 *end,
240 u8 *text, u8 *text_end)
244 mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
245 for (poff = start; poff < end; poff++) {
246 u8 *ptr = (u8 *)poff + *poff;
248 if (!*poff || ptr < text || ptr >= text_end)
250 /* turn DS segment override prefix into lock prefix */
252 text_poke(ptr, ((unsigned char []){0xf0}), 1);
254 mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
257 static void alternatives_smp_unlock(const s32 *start, const s32 *end,
258 u8 *text, u8 *text_end)
265 mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
266 for (poff = start; poff < end; poff++) {
267 u8 *ptr = (u8 *)poff + *poff;
269 if (!*poff || ptr < text || ptr >= text_end)
271 /* turn lock prefix into DS segment override prefix */
273 text_poke(ptr, ((unsigned char []){0x3E}), 1);
275 mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
278 struct smp_alt_module {
279 /* what is this ??? */
283 /* ptrs to lock prefixes */
285 const s32 *locks_end;
287 /* .text segment, needed to avoid patching init code ;) */
291 struct list_head next;
293 static LIST_HEAD(smp_alt_modules);
294 static DEFINE_MUTEX(smp_alt);
295 static int smp_mode = 1; /* protected by smp_alt */
297 void __init_or_module alternatives_smp_module_add(struct module *mod,
299 void *locks, void *locks_end,
300 void *text, void *text_end)
302 struct smp_alt_module *smp;
308 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_UP))
309 alternatives_smp_unlock(locks, locks_end,
314 smp = kzalloc(sizeof(*smp), GFP_KERNEL);
316 return; /* we'll run the (safe but slow) SMP code then ... */
321 smp->locks_end = locks_end;
323 smp->text_end = text_end;
324 DPRINTK("%s: locks %p -> %p, text %p -> %p, name %s\n",
325 __func__, smp->locks, smp->locks_end,
326 smp->text, smp->text_end, smp->name);
328 mutex_lock(&smp_alt);
329 list_add_tail(&smp->next, &smp_alt_modules);
330 if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_UP))
331 alternatives_smp_unlock(smp->locks, smp->locks_end,
332 smp->text, smp->text_end);
333 mutex_unlock(&smp_alt);
336 void __init_or_module alternatives_smp_module_del(struct module *mod)
338 struct smp_alt_module *item;
340 if (smp_alt_once || noreplace_smp)
343 mutex_lock(&smp_alt);
344 list_for_each_entry(item, &smp_alt_modules, next) {
345 if (mod != item->mod)
347 list_del(&item->next);
348 mutex_unlock(&smp_alt);
349 DPRINTK("%s: %s\n", __func__, item->name);
353 mutex_unlock(&smp_alt);
356 void alternatives_smp_switch(int smp)
358 struct smp_alt_module *mod;
360 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
362 * Older binutils section handling bug prevented
363 * alternatives-replacement from working reliably.
365 * If this still occurs then you should see a hang
366 * or crash shortly after this line:
368 printk("lockdep: fixing up alternatives.\n");
371 if (noreplace_smp || smp_alt_once)
373 BUG_ON(!smp && (num_online_cpus() > 1));
375 mutex_lock(&smp_alt);
378 * Avoid unnecessary switches because it forces JIT based VMs to
379 * throw away all cached translations, which can be quite costly.
381 if (smp == smp_mode) {
384 printk(KERN_INFO "SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code\n");
385 clear_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_UP);
386 clear_cpu_cap(&cpu_data(0), X86_FEATURE_UP);
387 list_for_each_entry(mod, &smp_alt_modules, next)
388 alternatives_smp_lock(mod->locks, mod->locks_end,
389 mod->text, mod->text_end);
391 printk(KERN_INFO "SMP alternatives: switching to UP code\n");
392 set_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_UP);
393 set_cpu_cap(&cpu_data(0), X86_FEATURE_UP);
394 list_for_each_entry(mod, &smp_alt_modules, next)
395 alternatives_smp_unlock(mod->locks, mod->locks_end,
396 mod->text, mod->text_end);
399 mutex_unlock(&smp_alt);
402 /* Return 1 if the address range is reserved for smp-alternatives */
403 int alternatives_text_reserved(void *start, void *end)
405 struct smp_alt_module *mod;
407 u8 *text_start = start;
410 list_for_each_entry(mod, &smp_alt_modules, next) {
411 if (mod->text > text_end || mod->text_end < text_start)
413 for (poff = mod->locks; poff < mod->locks_end; poff++) {
414 const u8 *ptr = (const u8 *)poff + *poff;
416 if (text_start <= ptr && text_end > ptr)
425 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
426 void __init_or_module apply_paravirt(struct paravirt_patch_site *start,
427 struct paravirt_patch_site *end)
429 struct paravirt_patch_site *p;
430 char insnbuf[MAX_PATCH_LEN];
432 if (noreplace_paravirt)
435 for (p = start; p < end; p++) {
438 BUG_ON(p->len > MAX_PATCH_LEN);
439 /* prep the buffer with the original instructions */
440 memcpy(insnbuf, p->instr, p->len);
441 used = pv_init_ops.patch(p->instrtype, p->clobbers, insnbuf,
442 (unsigned long)p->instr, p->len);
444 BUG_ON(used > p->len);
446 /* Pad the rest with nops */
447 add_nops(insnbuf + used, p->len - used);
448 text_poke_early(p->instr, insnbuf, p->len);
451 extern struct paravirt_patch_site __start_parainstructions[],
452 __stop_parainstructions[];
453 #endif /* CONFIG_PARAVIRT */
455 void __init alternative_instructions(void)
457 /* The patching is not fully atomic, so try to avoid local interruptions
458 that might execute the to be patched code.
459 Other CPUs are not running. */
463 * Don't stop machine check exceptions while patching.
464 * MCEs only happen when something got corrupted and in this
465 * case we must do something about the corruption.
466 * Ignoring it is worse than a unlikely patching race.
467 * Also machine checks tend to be broadcast and if one CPU
468 * goes into machine check the others follow quickly, so we don't
469 * expect a machine check to cause undue problems during to code
473 apply_alternatives(__alt_instructions, __alt_instructions_end);
475 /* switch to patch-once-at-boottime-only mode and free the
476 * tables in case we know the number of CPUs will never ever
478 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
479 if (num_possible_cpus() < 2)
485 if (1 == num_possible_cpus()) {
486 printk(KERN_INFO "SMP alternatives: switching to UP code\n");
487 set_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_UP);
488 set_cpu_cap(&cpu_data(0), X86_FEATURE_UP);
490 alternatives_smp_unlock(__smp_locks, __smp_locks_end,
494 alternatives_smp_module_add(NULL, "core kernel",
495 __smp_locks, __smp_locks_end,
498 /* Only switch to UP mode if we don't immediately boot others */
499 if (num_present_cpus() == 1 || setup_max_cpus <= 1)
500 alternatives_smp_switch(0);
503 apply_paravirt(__parainstructions, __parainstructions_end);
506 free_init_pages("SMP alternatives",
507 (unsigned long)__smp_locks,
508 (unsigned long)__smp_locks_end);
514 * text_poke_early - Update instructions on a live kernel at boot time
515 * @addr: address to modify
516 * @opcode: source of the copy
517 * @len: length to copy
519 * When you use this code to patch more than one byte of an instruction
520 * you need to make sure that other CPUs cannot execute this code in parallel.
521 * Also no thread must be currently preempted in the middle of these
522 * instructions. And on the local CPU you need to be protected again NMI or MCE
523 * handlers seeing an inconsistent instruction while you patch.
525 static void *__init_or_module text_poke_early(void *addr, const void *opcode,
529 local_irq_save(flags);
530 memcpy(addr, opcode, len);
532 local_irq_restore(flags);
533 /* Could also do a CLFLUSH here to speed up CPU recovery; but
534 that causes hangs on some VIA CPUs. */
539 * text_poke - Update instructions on a live kernel
540 * @addr: address to modify
541 * @opcode: source of the copy
542 * @len: length to copy
544 * Only atomic text poke/set should be allowed when not doing early patching.
545 * It means the size must be writable atomically and the address must be aligned
546 * in a way that permits an atomic write. It also makes sure we fit on a single
549 * Note: Must be called under text_mutex.
551 void *__kprobes text_poke(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len)
555 struct page *pages[2];
558 if (!core_kernel_text((unsigned long)addr)) {
559 pages[0] = vmalloc_to_page(addr);
560 pages[1] = vmalloc_to_page(addr + PAGE_SIZE);
562 pages[0] = virt_to_page(addr);
563 WARN_ON(!PageReserved(pages[0]));
564 pages[1] = virt_to_page(addr + PAGE_SIZE);
567 local_irq_save(flags);
568 set_fixmap(FIX_TEXT_POKE0, page_to_phys(pages[0]));
570 set_fixmap(FIX_TEXT_POKE1, page_to_phys(pages[1]));
571 vaddr = (char *)fix_to_virt(FIX_TEXT_POKE0);
572 memcpy(&vaddr[(unsigned long)addr & ~PAGE_MASK], opcode, len);
573 clear_fixmap(FIX_TEXT_POKE0);
575 clear_fixmap(FIX_TEXT_POKE1);
578 /* Could also do a CLFLUSH here to speed up CPU recovery; but
579 that causes hangs on some VIA CPUs. */
580 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
581 BUG_ON(((char *)addr)[i] != ((char *)opcode)[i]);
582 local_irq_restore(flags);
587 * Cross-modifying kernel text with stop_machine().
588 * This code originally comes from immediate value.
590 static atomic_t stop_machine_first;
591 static int wrote_text;
593 struct text_poke_params {
599 static int __kprobes stop_machine_text_poke(void *data)
601 struct text_poke_params *tpp = data;
603 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&stop_machine_first)) {
604 text_poke(tpp->addr, tpp->opcode, tpp->len);
605 smp_wmb(); /* Make sure other cpus see that this has run */
610 smp_mb(); /* Load wrote_text before following execution */
613 flush_icache_range((unsigned long)tpp->addr,
614 (unsigned long)tpp->addr + tpp->len);
619 * text_poke_smp - Update instructions on a live kernel on SMP
620 * @addr: address to modify
621 * @opcode: source of the copy
622 * @len: length to copy
624 * Modify multi-byte instruction by using stop_machine() on SMP. This allows
625 * user to poke/set multi-byte text on SMP. Only non-NMI/MCE code modifying
626 * should be allowed, since stop_machine() does _not_ protect code against
629 * Note: Must be called under get_online_cpus() and text_mutex.
631 void *__kprobes text_poke_smp(void *addr, const void *opcode, size_t len)
633 struct text_poke_params tpp;
638 atomic_set(&stop_machine_first, 1);
640 stop_machine(stop_machine_text_poke, (void *)&tpp, NULL);