2 * Handle the memory map.
3 * The functions here do the job until bootmem takes over.
5 * Getting sanitize_e820_map() in sync with i386 version by applying change:
6 * - Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
7 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
8 * Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/types.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
15 #include <linux/export.h>
16 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
17 #include <linux/pfn.h>
18 #include <linux/suspend.h>
19 #include <linux/acpi.h>
20 #include <linux/firmware-map.h>
21 #include <linux/memblock.h>
22 #include <linux/sort.h>
25 #include <asm/proto.h>
26 #include <asm/setup.h>
29 * The e820 map is the map that gets modified e.g. with command line parameters
30 * and that is also registered with modifications in the kernel resource tree
31 * with the iomem_resource as parent.
33 * The e820_saved is directly saved after the BIOS-provided memory map is
34 * copied. It doesn't get modified afterwards. It's registered for the
35 * /sys/firmware/memmap interface.
37 * That memory map is not modified and is used as base for kexec. The kexec'd
38 * kernel should get the same memory map as the firmware provides. Then the
39 * user can e.g. boot the original kernel with mem=1G while still booting the
40 * next kernel with full memory.
43 struct e820map e820_saved;
45 /* For PCI or other memory-mapped resources */
46 unsigned long pci_mem_start = 0xaeedbabe;
48 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_mem_start);
52 * This function checks if any part of the range <start,end> is mapped
56 e820_any_mapped(u64 start, u64 end, unsigned type)
60 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
61 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
63 if (type && ei->type != type)
65 if (ei->addr >= end || ei->addr + ei->size <= start)
71 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(e820_any_mapped);
74 * This function checks if the entire range <start,end> is mapped with type.
76 * Note: this function only works correct if the e820 table is sorted and
77 * not-overlapping, which is the case
79 int __init e820_all_mapped(u64 start, u64 end, unsigned type)
83 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
84 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
86 if (type && ei->type != type)
88 /* is the region (part) in overlap with the current region ?*/
89 if (ei->addr >= end || ei->addr + ei->size <= start)
92 /* if the region is at the beginning of <start,end> we move
93 * start to the end of the region since it's ok until there
95 if (ei->addr <= start)
96 start = ei->addr + ei->size;
98 * if start is now at or beyond end, we're done, full
108 * Add a memory region to the kernel e820 map.
110 static void __init __e820_add_region(struct e820map *e820x, u64 start, u64 size,
113 int x = e820x->nr_map;
115 if (x >= ARRAY_SIZE(e820x->map)) {
116 printk(KERN_ERR "e820: too many entries; ignoring [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
117 (unsigned long long) start,
118 (unsigned long long) (start + size - 1));
122 e820x->map[x].addr = start;
123 e820x->map[x].size = size;
124 e820x->map[x].type = type;
128 void __init e820_add_region(u64 start, u64 size, int type)
130 __e820_add_region(&e820, start, size, type);
133 static void __init e820_print_type(u32 type)
137 case E820_RESERVED_KERN:
138 printk(KERN_CONT "usable");
141 printk(KERN_CONT "reserved");
144 printk(KERN_CONT "ACPI data");
147 printk(KERN_CONT "ACPI NVS");
150 printk(KERN_CONT "unusable");
154 printk(KERN_CONT "persistent (type %u)", type);
157 printk(KERN_CONT "type %u", type);
162 void __init e820_print_map(char *who)
166 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
167 printk(KERN_INFO "%s: [mem %#018Lx-%#018Lx] ", who,
168 (unsigned long long) e820.map[i].addr,
170 (e820.map[i].addr + e820.map[i].size - 1));
171 e820_print_type(e820.map[i].type);
172 printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
177 * Sanitize the BIOS e820 map.
179 * Some e820 responses include overlapping entries. The following
180 * replaces the original e820 map with a new one, removing overlaps,
181 * and resolving conflicting memory types in favor of highest
184 * The input parameter biosmap points to an array of 'struct
185 * e820entry' which on entry has elements in the range [0, *pnr_map)
186 * valid, and which has space for up to max_nr_map entries.
187 * On return, the resulting sanitized e820 map entries will be in
188 * overwritten in the same location, starting at biosmap.
190 * The integer pointed to by pnr_map must be valid on entry (the
191 * current number of valid entries located at biosmap). If the
192 * sanitizing succeeds the *pnr_map will be updated with the new
193 * number of valid entries (something no more than max_nr_map).
195 * The return value from sanitize_e820_map() is zero if it
196 * successfully 'sanitized' the map entries passed in, and is -1
197 * if it did nothing, which can happen if either of (1) it was
198 * only passed one map entry, or (2) any of the input map entries
199 * were invalid (start + size < start, meaning that the size was
200 * so big the described memory range wrapped around through zero.)
202 * Visually we're performing the following
203 * (1,2,3,4 = memory types)...
205 * Sample memory map (w/overlaps):
206 * ____22__________________
207 * ______________________4_
208 * ____1111________________
209 * _44_____________________
210 * 11111111________________
211 * ____________________33__
212 * ___________44___________
213 * __________33333_________
214 * ______________22________
215 * ___________________2222_
216 * _________111111111______
217 * _____________________11_
218 * _________________4______
220 * Sanitized equivalent (no overlap):
221 * 1_______________________
222 * _44_____________________
223 * ___1____________________
224 * ____22__________________
225 * ______11________________
226 * _________1______________
227 * __________3_____________
228 * ___________44___________
229 * _____________33_________
230 * _______________2________
231 * ________________1_______
232 * _________________4______
233 * ___________________2____
234 * ____________________33__
235 * ______________________4_
237 struct change_member {
238 struct e820entry *pbios; /* pointer to original bios entry */
239 unsigned long long addr; /* address for this change point */
242 static int __init cpcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
244 struct change_member * const *app = a, * const *bpp = b;
245 const struct change_member *ap = *app, *bp = *bpp;
248 * Inputs are pointers to two elements of change_point[]. If their
249 * addresses are unequal, their difference dominates. If the addresses
250 * are equal, then consider one that represents the end of its region
251 * to be greater than one that does not.
253 if (ap->addr != bp->addr)
254 return ap->addr > bp->addr ? 1 : -1;
256 return (ap->addr != ap->pbios->addr) - (bp->addr != bp->pbios->addr);
259 int __init sanitize_e820_map(struct e820entry *biosmap, int max_nr_map,
262 static struct change_member change_point_list[2*E820_X_MAX] __initdata;
263 static struct change_member *change_point[2*E820_X_MAX] __initdata;
264 static struct e820entry *overlap_list[E820_X_MAX] __initdata;
265 static struct e820entry new_bios[E820_X_MAX] __initdata;
266 unsigned long current_type, last_type;
267 unsigned long long last_addr;
271 int old_nr, new_nr, chg_nr;
274 /* if there's only one memory region, don't bother */
279 BUG_ON(old_nr > max_nr_map);
281 /* bail out if we find any unreasonable addresses in bios map */
282 for (i = 0; i < old_nr; i++)
283 if (biosmap[i].addr + biosmap[i].size < biosmap[i].addr)
286 /* create pointers for initial change-point information (for sorting) */
287 for (i = 0; i < 2 * old_nr; i++)
288 change_point[i] = &change_point_list[i];
290 /* record all known change-points (starting and ending addresses),
291 omitting those that are for empty memory regions */
293 for (i = 0; i < old_nr; i++) {
294 if (biosmap[i].size != 0) {
295 change_point[chgidx]->addr = biosmap[i].addr;
296 change_point[chgidx++]->pbios = &biosmap[i];
297 change_point[chgidx]->addr = biosmap[i].addr +
299 change_point[chgidx++]->pbios = &biosmap[i];
304 /* sort change-point list by memory addresses (low -> high) */
305 sort(change_point, chg_nr, sizeof *change_point, cpcompare, NULL);
307 /* create a new bios memory map, removing overlaps */
308 overlap_entries = 0; /* number of entries in the overlap table */
309 new_bios_entry = 0; /* index for creating new bios map entries */
310 last_type = 0; /* start with undefined memory type */
311 last_addr = 0; /* start with 0 as last starting address */
313 /* loop through change-points, determining affect on the new bios map */
314 for (chgidx = 0; chgidx < chg_nr; chgidx++) {
315 /* keep track of all overlapping bios entries */
316 if (change_point[chgidx]->addr ==
317 change_point[chgidx]->pbios->addr) {
319 * add map entry to overlap list (> 1 entry
320 * implies an overlap)
322 overlap_list[overlap_entries++] =
323 change_point[chgidx]->pbios;
326 * remove entry from list (order independent,
329 for (i = 0; i < overlap_entries; i++) {
330 if (overlap_list[i] ==
331 change_point[chgidx]->pbios)
333 overlap_list[overlap_entries-1];
338 * if there are overlapping entries, decide which
339 * "type" to use (larger value takes precedence --
340 * 1=usable, 2,3,4,4+=unusable)
343 for (i = 0; i < overlap_entries; i++)
344 if (overlap_list[i]->type > current_type)
345 current_type = overlap_list[i]->type;
347 * continue building up new bios map based on this
350 if (current_type != last_type || current_type == E820_PRAM) {
351 if (last_type != 0) {
352 new_bios[new_bios_entry].size =
353 change_point[chgidx]->addr - last_addr;
355 * move forward only if the new size
358 if (new_bios[new_bios_entry].size != 0)
360 * no more space left for new
363 if (++new_bios_entry >= max_nr_map)
366 if (current_type != 0) {
367 new_bios[new_bios_entry].addr =
368 change_point[chgidx]->addr;
369 new_bios[new_bios_entry].type = current_type;
370 last_addr = change_point[chgidx]->addr;
372 last_type = current_type;
375 /* retain count for new bios entries */
376 new_nr = new_bios_entry;
378 /* copy new bios mapping into original location */
379 memcpy(biosmap, new_bios, new_nr * sizeof(struct e820entry));
385 static int __init __append_e820_map(struct e820entry *biosmap, int nr_map)
388 u64 start = biosmap->addr;
389 u64 size = biosmap->size;
390 u64 end = start + size;
391 u32 type = biosmap->type;
393 /* Overflow in 64 bits? Ignore the memory map. */
397 e820_add_region(start, size, type);
406 * Copy the BIOS e820 map into a safe place.
408 * Sanity-check it while we're at it..
410 * If we're lucky and live on a modern system, the setup code
411 * will have given us a memory map that we can use to properly
412 * set up memory. If we aren't, we'll fake a memory map.
414 static int __init append_e820_map(struct e820entry *biosmap, int nr_map)
416 /* Only one memory region (or negative)? Ignore it */
420 return __append_e820_map(biosmap, nr_map);
423 static u64 __init __e820_update_range(struct e820map *e820x, u64 start,
424 u64 size, unsigned old_type,
429 u64 real_updated_size = 0;
431 BUG_ON(old_type == new_type);
433 if (size > (ULLONG_MAX - start))
434 size = ULLONG_MAX - start;
437 printk(KERN_DEBUG "e820: update [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx] ",
438 (unsigned long long) start, (unsigned long long) (end - 1));
439 e820_print_type(old_type);
440 printk(KERN_CONT " ==> ");
441 e820_print_type(new_type);
442 printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
444 for (i = 0; i < e820x->nr_map; i++) {
445 struct e820entry *ei = &e820x->map[i];
446 u64 final_start, final_end;
449 if (ei->type != old_type)
452 ei_end = ei->addr + ei->size;
453 /* totally covered by new range? */
454 if (ei->addr >= start && ei_end <= end) {
456 real_updated_size += ei->size;
460 /* new range is totally covered? */
461 if (ei->addr < start && ei_end > end) {
462 __e820_add_region(e820x, start, size, new_type);
463 __e820_add_region(e820x, end, ei_end - end, ei->type);
464 ei->size = start - ei->addr;
465 real_updated_size += size;
469 /* partially covered */
470 final_start = max(start, ei->addr);
471 final_end = min(end, ei_end);
472 if (final_start >= final_end)
475 __e820_add_region(e820x, final_start, final_end - final_start,
478 real_updated_size += final_end - final_start;
481 * left range could be head or tail, so need to update
484 ei->size -= final_end - final_start;
485 if (ei->addr < final_start)
487 ei->addr = final_end;
489 return real_updated_size;
492 u64 __init e820_update_range(u64 start, u64 size, unsigned old_type,
495 return __e820_update_range(&e820, start, size, old_type, new_type);
498 static u64 __init e820_update_range_saved(u64 start, u64 size,
499 unsigned old_type, unsigned new_type)
501 return __e820_update_range(&e820_saved, start, size, old_type,
505 /* make e820 not cover the range */
506 u64 __init e820_remove_range(u64 start, u64 size, unsigned old_type,
511 u64 real_removed_size = 0;
513 if (size > (ULLONG_MAX - start))
514 size = ULLONG_MAX - start;
517 printk(KERN_DEBUG "e820: remove [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx] ",
518 (unsigned long long) start, (unsigned long long) (end - 1));
520 e820_print_type(old_type);
521 printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
523 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
524 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
525 u64 final_start, final_end;
528 if (checktype && ei->type != old_type)
531 ei_end = ei->addr + ei->size;
532 /* totally covered? */
533 if (ei->addr >= start && ei_end <= end) {
534 real_removed_size += ei->size;
535 memset(ei, 0, sizeof(struct e820entry));
539 /* new range is totally covered? */
540 if (ei->addr < start && ei_end > end) {
541 e820_add_region(end, ei_end - end, ei->type);
542 ei->size = start - ei->addr;
543 real_removed_size += size;
547 /* partially covered */
548 final_start = max(start, ei->addr);
549 final_end = min(end, ei_end);
550 if (final_start >= final_end)
552 real_removed_size += final_end - final_start;
555 * left range could be head or tail, so need to update
558 ei->size -= final_end - final_start;
559 if (ei->addr < final_start)
561 ei->addr = final_end;
563 return real_removed_size;
566 void __init update_e820(void)
568 if (sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map))
570 printk(KERN_INFO "e820: modified physical RAM map:\n");
571 e820_print_map("modified");
573 static void __init update_e820_saved(void)
575 sanitize_e820_map(e820_saved.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820_saved.map),
578 #define MAX_GAP_END 0x100000000ull
580 * Search for a gap in the e820 memory space from start_addr to end_addr.
582 __init int e820_search_gap(unsigned long *gapstart, unsigned long *gapsize,
583 unsigned long start_addr, unsigned long long end_addr)
585 unsigned long long last;
589 last = (end_addr && end_addr < MAX_GAP_END) ? end_addr : MAX_GAP_END;
592 unsigned long long start = e820.map[i].addr;
593 unsigned long long end = start + e820.map[i].size;
595 if (end < start_addr)
599 * Since "last" is at most 4GB, we know we'll
600 * fit in 32 bits if this condition is true
603 unsigned long gap = last - end;
605 if (gap >= *gapsize) {
618 * Search for the biggest gap in the low 32 bits of the e820
619 * memory space. We pass this space to PCI to assign MMIO resources
620 * for hotplug or unconfigured devices in.
621 * Hopefully the BIOS let enough space left.
623 __init void e820_setup_gap(void)
625 unsigned long gapstart, gapsize;
628 gapstart = 0x10000000;
630 found = e820_search_gap(&gapstart, &gapsize, 0, MAX_GAP_END);
634 gapstart = (max_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) + 1024*1024;
636 "e820: cannot find a gap in the 32bit address range\n"
637 "e820: PCI devices with unassigned 32bit BARs may break!\n");
642 * e820_reserve_resources_late protect stolen RAM already
644 pci_mem_start = gapstart;
647 "e820: [mem %#010lx-%#010lx] available for PCI devices\n",
648 gapstart, gapstart + gapsize - 1);
652 * Because of the size limitation of struct boot_params, only first
653 * 128 E820 memory entries are passed to kernel via
654 * boot_params.e820_map, others are passed via SETUP_E820_EXT node of
655 * linked list of struct setup_data, which is parsed here.
657 void __init parse_e820_ext(u64 phys_addr, u32 data_len)
660 struct e820entry *extmap;
661 struct setup_data *sdata;
663 sdata = early_memremap(phys_addr, data_len);
664 entries = sdata->len / sizeof(struct e820entry);
665 extmap = (struct e820entry *)(sdata->data);
666 __append_e820_map(extmap, entries);
667 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
668 early_memunmap(sdata, data_len);
669 printk(KERN_INFO "e820: extended physical RAM map:\n");
670 e820_print_map("extended");
673 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) || \
674 (defined(CONFIG_X86_32) && defined(CONFIG_HIBERNATION))
676 * Find the ranges of physical addresses that do not correspond to
677 * e820 RAM areas and mark the corresponding pages as nosave for
678 * hibernation (32 bit) or software suspend and suspend to RAM (64 bit).
680 * This function requires the e820 map to be sorted and without any
681 * overlapping entries.
683 void __init e820_mark_nosave_regions(unsigned long limit_pfn)
686 unsigned long pfn = 0;
688 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
689 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
691 if (pfn < PFN_UP(ei->addr))
692 register_nosave_region(pfn, PFN_UP(ei->addr));
694 pfn = PFN_DOWN(ei->addr + ei->size);
696 if (ei->type != E820_RAM && ei->type != E820_RESERVED_KERN)
697 register_nosave_region(PFN_UP(ei->addr), pfn);
699 if (pfn >= limit_pfn)
707 * Mark ACPI NVS memory region, so that we can save/restore it during
708 * hibernation and the subsequent resume.
710 static int __init e820_mark_nvs_memory(void)
714 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
715 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
717 if (ei->type == E820_NVS)
718 acpi_nvs_register(ei->addr, ei->size);
723 core_initcall(e820_mark_nvs_memory);
727 * pre allocated 4k and reserved it in memblock and e820_saved
729 u64 __init early_reserve_e820(u64 size, u64 align)
733 addr = __memblock_alloc_base(size, align, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ACCESSIBLE);
735 e820_update_range_saved(addr, size, E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED);
736 printk(KERN_INFO "e820: update e820_saved for early_reserve_e820\n");
744 # ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
745 # define MAX_ARCH_PFN (1ULL<<(36-PAGE_SHIFT))
747 # define MAX_ARCH_PFN (1ULL<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT))
749 #else /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
750 # define MAX_ARCH_PFN MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT
754 * Find the highest page frame number we have available
756 static unsigned long __init e820_end_pfn(unsigned long limit_pfn)
759 unsigned long last_pfn = 0;
760 unsigned long max_arch_pfn = MAX_ARCH_PFN;
762 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
763 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
764 unsigned long start_pfn;
765 unsigned long end_pfn;
768 * Persistent memory is accounted as ram for purposes of
769 * establishing max_pfn and mem_map.
771 if (ei->type != E820_RAM && ei->type != E820_PRAM)
774 start_pfn = ei->addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
775 end_pfn = (ei->addr + ei->size) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
777 if (start_pfn >= limit_pfn)
779 if (end_pfn > limit_pfn) {
780 last_pfn = limit_pfn;
783 if (end_pfn > last_pfn)
787 if (last_pfn > max_arch_pfn)
788 last_pfn = max_arch_pfn;
790 printk(KERN_INFO "e820: last_pfn = %#lx max_arch_pfn = %#lx\n",
791 last_pfn, max_arch_pfn);
794 unsigned long __init e820_end_of_ram_pfn(void)
796 return e820_end_pfn(MAX_ARCH_PFN);
799 unsigned long __init e820_end_of_low_ram_pfn(void)
801 return e820_end_pfn(1UL << (32-PAGE_SHIFT));
804 static void early_panic(char *msg)
810 static int userdef __initdata;
812 /* "mem=nopentium" disables the 4MB page tables. */
813 static int __init parse_memopt(char *p)
820 if (!strcmp(p, "nopentium")) {
822 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_PSE);
825 printk(KERN_WARNING "mem=nopentium ignored! (only supported on x86_32)\n");
831 mem_size = memparse(p, &p);
832 /* don't remove all of memory when handling "mem={invalid}" param */
835 e820_remove_range(mem_size, ULLONG_MAX - mem_size, E820_RAM, 1);
839 early_param("mem", parse_memopt);
841 static int __init parse_memmap_one(char *p)
844 u64 start_at, mem_size;
849 if (!strncmp(p, "exactmap", 8)) {
850 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
852 * If we are doing a crash dump, we still need to know
853 * the real mem size before original memory map is
856 saved_max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
864 mem_size = memparse(p, &p);
870 start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
871 e820_add_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_RAM);
872 } else if (*p == '#') {
873 start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
874 e820_add_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_ACPI);
875 } else if (*p == '$') {
876 start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
877 e820_add_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_RESERVED);
878 } else if (*p == '!') {
879 start_at = memparse(p+1, &p);
880 e820_add_region(start_at, mem_size, E820_PRAM);
882 e820_remove_range(mem_size, ULLONG_MAX - mem_size, E820_RAM, 1);
884 return *p == '\0' ? 0 : -EINVAL;
886 static int __init parse_memmap_opt(char *str)
889 char *k = strchr(str, ',');
894 parse_memmap_one(str);
900 early_param("memmap", parse_memmap_opt);
902 void __init finish_e820_parsing(void)
905 if (sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map),
907 early_panic("Invalid user supplied memory map");
909 printk(KERN_INFO "e820: user-defined physical RAM map:\n");
910 e820_print_map("user");
914 static const char *e820_type_to_string(int e820_type)
917 case E820_RESERVED_KERN:
918 case E820_RAM: return "System RAM";
919 case E820_ACPI: return "ACPI Tables";
920 case E820_NVS: return "ACPI Non-volatile Storage";
921 case E820_UNUSABLE: return "Unusable memory";
922 case E820_PRAM: return "Persistent Memory (legacy)";
923 case E820_PMEM: return "Persistent Memory";
924 default: return "reserved";
928 static bool do_mark_busy(u32 type, struct resource *res)
930 /* this is the legacy bios/dos rom-shadow + mmio region */
931 if (res->start < (1ULL<<20))
935 * Treat persistent memory like device memory, i.e. reserve it
936 * for exclusive use of a driver
949 * Mark e820 reserved areas as busy for the resource manager.
951 static struct resource __initdata *e820_res;
952 void __init e820_reserve_resources(void)
955 struct resource *res;
958 res = alloc_bootmem(sizeof(struct resource) * e820.nr_map);
960 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
961 end = e820.map[i].addr + e820.map[i].size - 1;
962 if (end != (resource_size_t)end) {
966 res->name = e820_type_to_string(e820.map[i].type);
967 res->start = e820.map[i].addr;
970 res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
973 * don't register the region that could be conflicted with
974 * pci device BAR resource and insert them later in
975 * pcibios_resource_survey()
977 if (do_mark_busy(e820.map[i].type, res)) {
978 res->flags |= IORESOURCE_BUSY;
979 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, res);
984 for (i = 0; i < e820_saved.nr_map; i++) {
985 struct e820entry *entry = &e820_saved.map[i];
986 firmware_map_add_early(entry->addr,
987 entry->addr + entry->size,
988 e820_type_to_string(entry->type));
992 /* How much should we pad RAM ending depending on where it is? */
993 static unsigned long ram_alignment(resource_size_t pos)
995 unsigned long mb = pos >> 20;
997 /* To 64kB in the first megabyte */
1001 /* To 1MB in the first 16MB */
1005 /* To 64MB for anything above that */
1006 return 64*1024*1024;
1009 #define MAX_RESOURCE_SIZE ((resource_size_t)-1)
1011 void __init e820_reserve_resources_late(void)
1014 struct resource *res;
1017 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
1018 if (!res->parent && res->end)
1019 insert_resource_expand_to_fit(&iomem_resource, res);
1024 * Try to bump up RAM regions to reasonable boundaries to
1027 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
1028 struct e820entry *entry = &e820.map[i];
1031 if (entry->type != E820_RAM)
1033 start = entry->addr + entry->size;
1034 end = round_up(start, ram_alignment(start)) - 1;
1035 if (end > MAX_RESOURCE_SIZE)
1036 end = MAX_RESOURCE_SIZE;
1040 "e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
1042 reserve_region_with_split(&iomem_resource, start, end,
1047 char *__init default_machine_specific_memory_setup(void)
1049 char *who = "BIOS-e820";
1052 * Try to copy the BIOS-supplied E820-map.
1054 * Otherwise fake a memory map; one section from 0k->640k,
1055 * the next section from 1mb->appropriate_mem_k
1057 new_nr = boot_params.e820_entries;
1058 sanitize_e820_map(boot_params.e820_map,
1059 ARRAY_SIZE(boot_params.e820_map),
1061 boot_params.e820_entries = new_nr;
1062 if (append_e820_map(boot_params.e820_map, boot_params.e820_entries)
1066 /* compare results from other methods and take the greater */
1067 if (boot_params.alt_mem_k
1068 < boot_params.screen_info.ext_mem_k) {
1069 mem_size = boot_params.screen_info.ext_mem_k;
1072 mem_size = boot_params.alt_mem_k;
1077 e820_add_region(0, LOWMEMSIZE(), E820_RAM);
1078 e820_add_region(HIGH_MEMORY, mem_size << 10, E820_RAM);
1081 /* In case someone cares... */
1085 void __init setup_memory_map(void)
1089 who = x86_init.resources.memory_setup();
1090 memcpy(&e820_saved, &e820, sizeof(struct e820map));
1091 printk(KERN_INFO "e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:\n");
1092 e820_print_map(who);
1095 void __init memblock_x86_fill(void)
1101 * EFI may have more than 128 entries
1102 * We are safe to enable resizing, beause memblock_x86_fill()
1103 * is rather later for x86
1105 memblock_allow_resize();
1107 for (i = 0; i < e820.nr_map; i++) {
1108 struct e820entry *ei = &e820.map[i];
1110 end = ei->addr + ei->size;
1111 if (end != (resource_size_t)end)
1114 if (ei->type != E820_RAM && ei->type != E820_RESERVED_KERN)
1117 memblock_add(ei->addr, ei->size);
1120 /* throw away partial pages */
1121 memblock_trim_memory(PAGE_SIZE);
1123 memblock_dump_all();
1126 void __init memblock_find_dma_reserve(void)
1128 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
1129 u64 nr_pages = 0, nr_free_pages = 0;
1130 unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
1131 phys_addr_t start, end;
1136 * need to find out used area below MAX_DMA_PFN
1137 * need to use memblock to get free size in [0, MAX_DMA_PFN]
1138 * at first, and assume boot_mem will not take below MAX_DMA_PFN
1140 for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, MAX_NUMNODES, &start_pfn, &end_pfn, NULL) {
1141 start_pfn = min(start_pfn, MAX_DMA_PFN);
1142 end_pfn = min(end_pfn, MAX_DMA_PFN);
1143 nr_pages += end_pfn - start_pfn;
1146 for_each_free_mem_range(u, NUMA_NO_NODE, MEMBLOCK_NONE, &start, &end,
1148 start_pfn = min_t(unsigned long, PFN_UP(start), MAX_DMA_PFN);
1149 end_pfn = min_t(unsigned long, PFN_DOWN(end), MAX_DMA_PFN);
1150 if (start_pfn < end_pfn)
1151 nr_free_pages += end_pfn - start_pfn;
1154 set_dma_reserve(nr_pages - nr_free_pages);