2 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
4 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
6 * Memory region support
7 * David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
9 * Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
10 * Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
12 * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
13 * Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
15 * Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
16 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
21 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
24 #include <linux/sched.h>
26 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
27 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
28 #include <linux/ioport.h>
29 #include <linux/acpi.h>
30 #include <linux/sfi.h>
31 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
32 #include <linux/initrd.h>
33 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
34 #include <linux/memblock.h>
35 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
36 #include <linux/console.h>
37 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
38 #include <linux/highmem.h>
39 #include <linux/module.h>
40 #include <linux/efi.h>
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/edd.h>
43 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
44 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
45 #include <linux/kexec.h>
46 #include <linux/dmi.h>
47 #include <linux/pfn.h>
48 #include <linux/pci.h>
49 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
50 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
51 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
52 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
54 #include <linux/errno.h>
55 #include <linux/kernel.h>
56 #include <linux/stddef.h>
57 #include <linux/unistd.h>
58 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
59 #include <linux/user.h>
60 #include <linux/delay.h>
62 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
63 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
64 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
65 #include <linux/ctype.h>
66 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
68 #include <linux/percpu.h>
69 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
70 #include <linux/tboot.h>
71 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
73 #include <video/edid.h>
77 #include <asm/realmode.h>
79 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
80 #include <asm/setup.h>
82 #include <asm/timer.h>
83 #include <asm/i8259.h>
84 #include <asm/sections.h>
85 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
87 #include <asm/setup_arch.h>
88 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
89 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
90 #include <asm/processor.h>
92 #include <asm/kasan.h>
94 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
98 #include <asm/iommu.h>
100 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
101 #include <asm/proto.h>
103 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
104 #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
105 #include <asm/olpc_ofw.h>
107 #include <asm/percpu.h>
108 #include <asm/topology.h>
109 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
110 #include <asm/amd_nb.h>
112 #include <asm/alternative.h>
113 #include <asm/prom.h>
116 * max_low_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn under 4GB
117 * max_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn over 4GB
119 * The direct mapping only covers E820_RAM regions, so the ranges and gaps are
120 * represented by pfn_mapped
122 unsigned long max_low_pfn_mapped;
123 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped;
126 RESERVE_BRK(dmi_alloc, 65536);
130 static __initdata unsigned long _brk_start = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
131 unsigned long _brk_end = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
134 int default_cpu_present_to_apicid(int mps_cpu)
136 return __default_cpu_present_to_apicid(mps_cpu);
139 int default_check_phys_apicid_present(int phys_apicid)
141 return __default_check_phys_apicid_present(phys_apicid);
145 struct boot_params boot_params;
150 static struct resource data_resource = {
151 .name = "Kernel data",
154 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
157 static struct resource code_resource = {
158 .name = "Kernel code",
161 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
164 static struct resource bss_resource = {
165 .name = "Kernel bss",
168 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
173 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head.S */
174 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data = {
177 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
178 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {
181 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
183 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp;
185 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
186 unsigned int machine_id;
187 unsigned int machine_submodel_id;
188 unsigned int BIOS_revision;
190 struct apm_info apm_info;
191 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info);
193 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
194 defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
195 struct ist_info ist_info;
196 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info);
198 struct ist_info ist_info;
202 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {
203 .x86_phys_bits = MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS,
205 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
209 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
210 __visible unsigned long mmu_cr4_features;
212 __visible unsigned long mmu_cr4_features = X86_CR4_PAE;
215 /* Boot loader ID and version as integers, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
216 int bootloader_type, bootloader_version;
221 struct screen_info screen_info;
222 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info);
223 struct edid_info edid_info;
224 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info);
226 extern int root_mountflags;
228 unsigned long saved_video_mode;
230 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK 0x07FF
231 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG 0x8000
232 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG 0x4000
234 static char __initdata command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
235 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
236 static char __initdata builtin_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] = CONFIG_CMDLINE;
239 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
241 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
245 * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
246 * from boot_params into a safe place.
249 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
251 memcpy(edd.mbr_signature, boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buffer,
252 sizeof(edd.mbr_signature));
253 memcpy(edd.edd_info, boot_params.eddbuf, sizeof(edd.edd_info));
254 edd.mbr_signature_nr = boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries;
255 edd.edd_info_nr = boot_params.eddbuf_entries;
258 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
263 void * __init extend_brk(size_t size, size_t align)
265 size_t mask = align - 1;
268 BUG_ON(_brk_start == 0);
269 BUG_ON(align & mask);
271 _brk_end = (_brk_end + mask) & ~mask;
272 BUG_ON((char *)(_brk_end + size) > __brk_limit);
274 ret = (void *)_brk_end;
277 memset(ret, 0, size);
283 static void __init cleanup_highmap(void)
288 static void __init reserve_brk(void)
290 if (_brk_end > _brk_start)
291 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_brk_start),
292 _brk_end - _brk_start);
294 /* Mark brk area as locked down and no longer taking any
299 u64 relocated_ramdisk;
301 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
303 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_image(void)
305 u64 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
307 ramdisk_image |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_image << 32;
309 return ramdisk_image;
311 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_size(void)
313 u64 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
315 ramdisk_size |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_size << 32;
320 static void __init relocate_initrd(void)
322 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
323 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
324 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
325 u64 area_size = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_size);
327 /* We need to move the initrd down into directly mapped mem */
328 relocated_ramdisk = memblock_find_in_range(0, PFN_PHYS(max_pfn_mapped),
329 area_size, PAGE_SIZE);
331 if (!relocated_ramdisk)
332 panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
335 /* Note: this includes all the mem currently occupied by
336 the initrd, we rely on that fact to keep the data intact. */
337 memblock_reserve(relocated_ramdisk, area_size);
338 initrd_start = relocated_ramdisk + PAGE_OFFSET;
339 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
340 printk(KERN_INFO "Allocated new RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
341 relocated_ramdisk, relocated_ramdisk + ramdisk_size - 1);
343 copy_from_early_mem((void *)initrd_start, ramdisk_image, ramdisk_size);
345 printk(KERN_INFO "Move RAMDISK from [mem %#010llx-%#010llx] to"
346 " [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
347 ramdisk_image, ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size - 1,
348 relocated_ramdisk, relocated_ramdisk + ramdisk_size - 1);
351 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
353 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
354 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
355 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
356 u64 ramdisk_end = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
358 if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
359 !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
360 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
362 memblock_reserve(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
364 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
366 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
367 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
368 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
369 u64 ramdisk_end = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
372 if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
373 !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
374 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
378 mapped_size = memblock_mem_size(max_pfn_mapped);
379 if (ramdisk_size >= (mapped_size>>1))
380 panic("initrd too large to handle, "
381 "disabling initrd (%lld needed, %lld available)\n",
382 ramdisk_size, mapped_size>>1);
384 printk(KERN_INFO "RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n", ramdisk_image,
387 if (pfn_range_is_mapped(PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_image),
388 PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_end))) {
389 /* All are mapped, easy case */
390 initrd_start = ramdisk_image + PAGE_OFFSET;
391 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
397 memblock_free(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
400 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
403 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
406 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
408 static void __init parse_setup_data(void)
410 struct setup_data *data;
411 u64 pa_data, pa_next;
413 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
415 u32 data_len, data_type;
417 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
418 data_len = data->len + sizeof(struct setup_data);
419 data_type = data->type;
420 pa_next = data->next;
421 early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
425 parse_e820_ext(pa_data, data_len);
431 parse_efi_setup(pa_data, data_len);
440 static void __init e820_reserve_setup_data(void)
442 struct setup_data *data;
445 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
450 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
451 e820_update_range(pa_data, sizeof(*data)+data->len,
452 E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED_KERN);
453 pa_data = data->next;
454 early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
457 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
458 memcpy(&e820_saved, &e820, sizeof(struct e820map));
459 printk(KERN_INFO "extended physical RAM map:\n");
460 e820_print_map("reserve setup_data");
463 static void __init memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data(void)
465 struct setup_data *data;
468 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
470 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
471 memblock_reserve(pa_data, sizeof(*data) + data->len);
472 pa_data = data->next;
473 early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
478 * --------- Crashkernel reservation ------------------------------
481 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
483 /* 16M alignment for crash kernel regions */
484 #define CRASH_ALIGN (16 << 20)
487 * Keep the crash kernel below this limit. On 32 bits earlier kernels
488 * would limit the kernel to the low 512 MiB due to mapping restrictions.
489 * On 64bit, old kexec-tools need to under 896MiB.
492 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX (512 << 20)
493 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX (512 << 20)
495 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX (896UL << 20)
496 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX MAXMEM
499 static int __init reserve_crashkernel_low(void)
502 unsigned long long base, low_base = 0, low_size = 0;
503 unsigned long total_low_mem;
506 total_low_mem = memblock_mem_size(1UL << (32 - PAGE_SHIFT));
508 /* crashkernel=Y,low */
509 ret = parse_crashkernel_low(boot_command_line, total_low_mem, &low_size, &base);
512 * two parts from lib/swiotlb.c:
513 * -swiotlb size: user-specified with swiotlb= or default.
515 * -swiotlb overflow buffer: now hardcoded to 32k. We round it
516 * to 8M for other buffers that may need to stay low too. Also
517 * make sure we allocate enough extra low memory so that we
518 * don't run out of DMA buffers for 32-bit devices.
520 low_size = max(swiotlb_size_or_default() + (8UL << 20), 256UL << 20);
522 /* passed with crashkernel=0,low ? */
527 low_base = memblock_find_in_range(low_size, 1ULL << 32, low_size, CRASH_ALIGN);
529 pr_err("Cannot reserve %ldMB crashkernel low memory, please try smaller size.\n",
530 (unsigned long)(low_size >> 20));
534 memblock_reserve(low_base, low_size);
536 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of low memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System low RAM: %ldMB)\n",
537 (unsigned long)(low_size >> 20),
538 (unsigned long)(low_base >> 20),
539 (unsigned long)(total_low_mem >> 20));
541 crashk_low_res.start = low_base;
542 crashk_low_res.end = low_base + low_size - 1;
543 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_low_res);
548 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
550 unsigned long long crash_size, crash_base, total_mem;
554 total_mem = memblock_phys_mem_size();
557 ret = parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line, total_mem, &crash_size, &crash_base);
558 if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0) {
559 /* crashkernel=X,high */
560 ret = parse_crashkernel_high(boot_command_line, total_mem,
561 &crash_size, &crash_base);
562 if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0)
567 /* 0 means: find the address automatically */
568 if (crash_base <= 0) {
570 * kexec want bzImage is below CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_MAX
572 crash_base = memblock_find_in_range(CRASH_ALIGN,
573 high ? CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX
574 : CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX,
575 crash_size, CRASH_ALIGN);
577 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - No suitable area found.\n");
582 unsigned long long start;
584 start = memblock_find_in_range(crash_base,
585 crash_base + crash_size,
586 crash_size, 1 << 20);
587 if (start != crash_base) {
588 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
592 memblock_reserve(crash_base, crash_size);
594 if (crash_base >= (1ULL << 32) && reserve_crashkernel_low()) {
595 memblock_free(crash_base, crash_size);
599 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System RAM: %ldMB)\n",
600 (unsigned long)(crash_size >> 20),
601 (unsigned long)(crash_base >> 20),
602 (unsigned long)(total_mem >> 20));
604 crashk_res.start = crash_base;
605 crashk_res.end = crash_base + crash_size - 1;
606 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_res);
609 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
614 static struct resource standard_io_resources[] = {
615 { .name = "dma1", .start = 0x00, .end = 0x1f,
616 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
617 { .name = "pic1", .start = 0x20, .end = 0x21,
618 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
619 { .name = "timer0", .start = 0x40, .end = 0x43,
620 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
621 { .name = "timer1", .start = 0x50, .end = 0x53,
622 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
623 { .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x60, .end = 0x60,
624 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
625 { .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x64, .end = 0x64,
626 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
627 { .name = "dma page reg", .start = 0x80, .end = 0x8f,
628 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
629 { .name = "pic2", .start = 0xa0, .end = 0xa1,
630 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
631 { .name = "dma2", .start = 0xc0, .end = 0xdf,
632 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
633 { .name = "fpu", .start = 0xf0, .end = 0xff,
634 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO }
637 void __init reserve_standard_io_resources(void)
641 /* request I/O space for devices used on all i[345]86 PCs */
642 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(standard_io_resources); i++)
643 request_resource(&ioport_resource, &standard_io_resources[i]);
647 static __init void reserve_ibft_region(void)
649 unsigned long addr, size = 0;
651 addr = find_ibft_region(&size);
654 memblock_reserve(addr, size);
657 static bool __init snb_gfx_workaround_needed(void)
662 static const __initconst u16 snb_ids[] = {
672 /* Assume no if something weird is going on with PCI */
673 if (!early_pci_allowed())
676 vendor = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_VENDOR_ID);
677 if (vendor != 0x8086)
680 devid = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_DEVICE_ID);
681 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snb_ids); i++)
682 if (devid == snb_ids[i])
690 * Sandy Bridge graphics has trouble with certain ranges, exclude
691 * them from allocation.
693 static void __init trim_snb_memory(void)
695 static const __initconst unsigned long bad_pages[] = {
704 if (!snb_gfx_workaround_needed())
707 printk(KERN_DEBUG "reserving inaccessible SNB gfx pages\n");
710 * Reserve all memory below the 1 MB mark that has not
711 * already been reserved.
713 memblock_reserve(0, 1<<20);
715 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bad_pages); i++) {
716 if (memblock_reserve(bad_pages[i], PAGE_SIZE))
717 printk(KERN_WARNING "failed to reserve 0x%08lx\n",
723 * Here we put platform-specific memory range workarounds, i.e.
724 * memory known to be corrupt or otherwise in need to be reserved on
725 * specific platforms.
727 * If this gets used more widely it could use a real dispatch mechanism.
729 static void __init trim_platform_memory_ranges(void)
734 static void __init trim_bios_range(void)
737 * A special case is the first 4Kb of memory;
738 * This is a BIOS owned area, not kernel ram, but generally
739 * not listed as such in the E820 table.
741 * This typically reserves additional memory (64KiB by default)
742 * since some BIOSes are known to corrupt low memory. See the
743 * Kconfig help text for X86_RESERVE_LOW.
745 e820_update_range(0, PAGE_SIZE, E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED);
748 * special case: Some BIOSen report the PC BIOS
749 * area (640->1Mb) as ram even though it is not.
752 e820_remove_range(BIOS_BEGIN, BIOS_END - BIOS_BEGIN, E820_RAM, 1);
754 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
757 /* called before trim_bios_range() to spare extra sanitize */
758 static void __init e820_add_kernel_range(void)
760 u64 start = __pa_symbol(_text);
761 u64 size = __pa_symbol(_end) - start;
764 * Complain if .text .data and .bss are not marked as E820_RAM and
765 * attempt to fix it by adding the range. We may have a confused BIOS,
766 * or the user may have used memmap=exactmap or memmap=xxM$yyM to
767 * exclude kernel range. If we really are running on top non-RAM,
768 * we will crash later anyways.
770 if (e820_all_mapped(start, start + size, E820_RAM))
773 pr_warn(".text .data .bss are not marked as E820_RAM!\n");
774 e820_remove_range(start, size, E820_RAM, 0);
775 e820_add_region(start, size, E820_RAM);
778 static unsigned reserve_low = CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW << 10;
780 static int __init parse_reservelow(char *p)
782 unsigned long long size;
787 size = memparse(p, &p);
800 early_param("reservelow", parse_reservelow);
802 static void __init trim_low_memory_range(void)
804 memblock_reserve(0, ALIGN(reserve_low, PAGE_SIZE));
808 * Dump out kernel offset information on panic.
811 dump_kernel_offset(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long v, void *p)
813 if (kaslr_enabled()) {
814 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: 0x%lx from 0x%lx (relocation range: 0x%lx-0x%lx)\n",
820 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: disabled\n");
827 * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader. If so, then we have also been
828 * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
829 * for initialization. Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
830 * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
831 * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
834 * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
836 * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
839 void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
841 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_text),
842 (unsigned long)__bss_stop - (unsigned long)_text);
844 early_reserve_initrd();
847 * At this point everything still needed from the boot loader
848 * or BIOS or kernel text should be early reserved or marked not
849 * RAM in e820. All other memory is free game.
853 memcpy(&boot_cpu_data, &new_cpu_data, sizeof(new_cpu_data));
856 * copy kernel address range established so far and switch
857 * to the proper swapper page table
859 clone_pgd_range(swapper_pg_dir + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
860 initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
863 load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
865 * Note: Quark X1000 CPUs advertise PGE incorrectly and require
866 * a cr3 based tlb flush, so the following __flush_tlb_all()
867 * will not flush anything because the cpu quirk which clears
868 * X86_FEATURE_PGE has not been invoked yet. Though due to the
869 * load_cr3() above the TLB has been flushed already. The
870 * quirk is invoked before subsequent calls to __flush_tlb_all()
871 * so proper operation is guaranteed.
875 printk(KERN_INFO "Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
879 * If we have OLPC OFW, we might end up relocating the fixmap due to
880 * reserve_top(), so do this before touching the ioremap area.
886 early_ioremap_init();
888 setup_olpc_ofw_pgd();
890 ROOT_DEV = old_decode_dev(boot_params.hdr.root_dev);
891 screen_info = boot_params.screen_info;
892 edid_info = boot_params.edid_info;
894 apm_info.bios = boot_params.apm_bios_info;
895 ist_info = boot_params.ist_info;
897 saved_video_mode = boot_params.hdr.vid_mode;
898 bootloader_type = boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader;
899 if ((bootloader_type >> 4) == 0xe) {
900 bootloader_type &= 0xf;
901 bootloader_type |= (boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_type+0x10) << 4;
903 bootloader_version = bootloader_type & 0xf;
904 bootloader_version |= boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_ver << 4;
906 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
907 rd_image_start = boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK;
908 rd_prompt = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG) != 0);
909 rd_doload = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG) != 0);
912 if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
913 EFI32_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
914 set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi.flags);
915 } else if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
916 EFI64_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
917 set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi.flags);
918 set_bit(EFI_64BIT, &efi.flags);
921 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
922 efi_memblock_x86_reserve_range();
925 x86_init.oem.arch_setup();
927 iomem_resource.end = (1ULL << boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits) - 1;
933 if (!boot_params.hdr.root_flags)
934 root_mountflags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
935 init_mm.start_code = (unsigned long) _text;
936 init_mm.end_code = (unsigned long) _etext;
937 init_mm.end_data = (unsigned long) _edata;
938 init_mm.brk = _brk_end;
940 mpx_mm_init(&init_mm);
942 code_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_text);
943 code_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_etext)-1;
944 data_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_etext);
945 data_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_edata)-1;
946 bss_resource.start = __pa_symbol(__bss_start);
947 bss_resource.end = __pa_symbol(__bss_stop)-1;
949 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
950 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
951 strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
953 if (builtin_cmdline[0]) {
954 /* append boot loader cmdline to builtin */
955 strlcat(builtin_cmdline, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
956 strlcat(builtin_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
957 strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
962 strlcpy(command_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
963 *cmdline_p = command_line;
966 * x86_configure_nx() is called before parse_early_param() to detect
967 * whether hardware doesn't support NX (so that the early EHCI debug
968 * console setup can safely call set_fixmap()). It may then be called
969 * again from within noexec_setup() during parsing early parameters
970 * to honor the respective command line option.
978 /* after early param, so could get panic from serial */
979 memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data();
981 if (acpi_mps_check()) {
982 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
985 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_APIC);
989 if (pci_early_dump_regs)
990 early_dump_pci_devices();
993 /* update the e820_saved too */
994 e820_reserve_setup_data();
995 finish_e820_parsing();
997 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
1002 dmi_set_dump_stack_arch_desc();
1005 * VMware detection requires dmi to be available, so this
1006 * needs to be done after dmi_scan_machine, for the BP.
1008 init_hypervisor_platform();
1010 x86_init.resources.probe_roms();
1012 /* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
1013 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &code_resource);
1014 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &data_resource);
1015 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &bss_resource);
1017 e820_add_kernel_range();
1019 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1020 if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
1021 e820_update_range(0x70000000ULL, 0x40000ULL, E820_RAM,
1023 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
1024 printk(KERN_INFO "fixed physical RAM map:\n");
1025 e820_print_map("bad_ppro");
1028 early_gart_iommu_check();
1032 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
1033 * we are rounding upwards:
1035 max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
1037 /* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
1039 if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn))
1040 max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
1042 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1043 /* max_low_pfn get updated here */
1044 find_low_pfn_range();
1048 /* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
1049 /* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
1050 if (max_pfn > (1UL<<(32 - PAGE_SHIFT)))
1051 max_low_pfn = e820_end_of_low_ram_pfn();
1053 max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
1055 high_memory = (void *)__va(max_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
1059 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
1063 reserve_ibft_region();
1065 early_alloc_pgt_buf();
1068 * Need to conclude brk, before memblock_x86_fill()
1069 * it could use memblock_find_in_range, could overlap with
1076 memblock_set_current_limit(ISA_END_ADDRESS);
1077 memblock_x86_fill();
1079 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
1083 * The EFI specification says that boot service code won't be called
1084 * after ExitBootServices(). This is, in fact, a lie.
1086 if (efi_enabled(EFI_MEMMAP))
1087 efi_reserve_boot_services();
1089 /* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
1090 early_reserve_e820_mpc_new();
1092 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CHECK_BIOS_CORRUPTION
1093 setup_bios_corruption_check();
1096 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1097 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-%#010lx]\n",
1098 (max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
1101 reserve_real_mode();
1103 trim_platform_memory_ranges();
1104 trim_low_memory_range();
1108 early_trap_pf_init();
1112 memblock_set_current_limit(get_max_mapped());
1115 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
1118 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
1119 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early)
1120 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
1122 /* Allocate bigger log buffer */
1127 #if defined(CONFIG_ACPI) && defined(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD)
1128 acpi_initrd_override((void *)initrd_start, initrd_end - initrd_start);
1136 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
1138 acpi_boot_table_init();
1140 early_acpi_boot_init();
1143 dma_contiguous_reserve(max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT);
1146 * Reserve memory for crash kernel after SRAT is parsed so that it
1147 * won't consume hotpluggable memory.
1149 reserve_crashkernel();
1151 memblock_find_dma_reserve();
1153 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GUEST
1157 x86_init.paging.pagetable_init();
1161 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level >= 0) {
1162 /* A CPU has %cr4 if and only if it has CPUID */
1163 mmu_cr4_features = __read_cr4();
1164 if (trampoline_cr4_features)
1165 *trampoline_cr4_features = mmu_cr4_features;
1168 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1169 /* sync back kernel address range */
1170 clone_pgd_range(initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
1171 swapper_pg_dir + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
1179 generic_apic_probe();
1184 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
1191 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
1193 if (smp_found_config)
1196 prefill_possible_map();
1200 init_apic_mappings();
1201 io_apic_init_mappings();
1205 e820_reserve_resources();
1206 e820_mark_nosave_regions(max_low_pfn);
1208 x86_init.resources.reserve_resources();
1213 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
1214 if (!efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT) || (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY))
1215 conswitchp = &vga_con;
1216 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
1217 conswitchp = &dummy_con;
1220 x86_init.oem.banner();
1222 x86_init.timers.wallclock_init();
1226 arch_init_ideal_nops();
1228 register_refined_jiffies(CLOCK_TICK_RATE);
1231 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
1232 efi_apply_memmap_quirks();
1236 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1238 static struct resource video_ram_resource = {
1239 .name = "Video RAM area",
1242 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
1245 void __init i386_reserve_resources(void)
1247 request_resource(&iomem_resource, &video_ram_resource);
1248 reserve_standard_io_resources();
1251 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
1253 static struct notifier_block kernel_offset_notifier = {
1254 .notifier_call = dump_kernel_offset
1257 static int __init register_kernel_offset_dumper(void)
1259 atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list,
1260 &kernel_offset_notifier);
1263 __initcall(register_kernel_offset_dumper);