2 * drivers/base/dd.c - The core device/driver interactions.
4 * This file contains the (sometimes tricky) code that controls the
5 * interactions between devices and drivers, which primarily includes
6 * driver binding and unbinding.
8 * All of this code used to exist in drivers/base/bus.c, but was
9 * relocated to here in the name of compartmentalization (since it wasn't
10 * strictly code just for the 'struct bus_type'.
12 * Copyright (c) 2002-5 Patrick Mochel
13 * Copyright (c) 2002-3 Open Source Development Labs
14 * Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
15 * Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Novell Inc.
17 * This file is released under the GPLv2
20 #include <linux/device.h>
21 #include <linux/delay.h>
22 #include <linux/module.h>
23 #include <linux/kthread.h>
24 #include <linux/wait.h>
25 #include <linux/async.h>
26 #include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
27 #include <linux/pinctrl/devinfo.h>
30 #include "power/power.h"
33 * Deferred Probe infrastructure.
35 * Sometimes driver probe order matters, but the kernel doesn't always have
36 * dependency information which means some drivers will get probed before a
37 * resource it depends on is available. For example, an SDHCI driver may
38 * first need a GPIO line from an i2c GPIO controller before it can be
39 * initialized. If a required resource is not available yet, a driver can
40 * request probing to be deferred by returning -EPROBE_DEFER from its probe hook
42 * Deferred probe maintains two lists of devices, a pending list and an active
43 * list. A driver returning -EPROBE_DEFER causes the device to be added to the
44 * pending list. A successful driver probe will trigger moving all devices
45 * from the pending to the active list so that the workqueue will eventually
48 * The deferred_probe_mutex must be held any time the deferred_probe_*_list
49 * of the (struct device*)->p->deferred_probe pointers are manipulated
51 static DEFINE_MUTEX(deferred_probe_mutex);
52 static LIST_HEAD(deferred_probe_pending_list);
53 static LIST_HEAD(deferred_probe_active_list);
54 static struct workqueue_struct *deferred_wq;
55 static atomic_t deferred_trigger_count = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
58 * deferred_probe_work_func() - Retry probing devices in the active list.
60 static void deferred_probe_work_func(struct work_struct *work)
63 struct device_private *private;
65 * This block processes every device in the deferred 'active' list.
66 * Each device is removed from the active list and passed to
67 * bus_probe_device() to re-attempt the probe. The loop continues
68 * until every device in the active list is removed and retried.
70 * Note: Once the device is removed from the list and the mutex is
71 * released, it is possible for the device get freed by another thread
72 * and cause a illegal pointer dereference. This code uses
73 * get/put_device() to ensure the device structure cannot disappear
74 * from under our feet.
76 mutex_lock(&deferred_probe_mutex);
77 while (!list_empty(&deferred_probe_active_list)) {
78 private = list_first_entry(&deferred_probe_active_list,
79 typeof(*dev->p), deferred_probe);
80 dev = private->device;
81 list_del_init(&private->deferred_probe);
86 * Drop the mutex while probing each device; the probe path may
87 * manipulate the deferred list
89 mutex_unlock(&deferred_probe_mutex);
92 * Force the device to the end of the dpm_list since
93 * the PM code assumes that the order we add things to
94 * the list is a good order for suspend but deferred
95 * probe makes that very unsafe.
98 device_pm_move_last(dev);
101 dev_dbg(dev, "Retrying from deferred list\n");
102 bus_probe_device(dev);
104 mutex_lock(&deferred_probe_mutex);
108 mutex_unlock(&deferred_probe_mutex);
110 static DECLARE_WORK(deferred_probe_work, deferred_probe_work_func);
112 static void driver_deferred_probe_add(struct device *dev)
114 mutex_lock(&deferred_probe_mutex);
115 if (list_empty(&dev->p->deferred_probe)) {
116 dev_dbg(dev, "Added to deferred list\n");
117 list_add_tail(&dev->p->deferred_probe, &deferred_probe_pending_list);
119 mutex_unlock(&deferred_probe_mutex);
122 void driver_deferred_probe_del(struct device *dev)
124 mutex_lock(&deferred_probe_mutex);
125 if (!list_empty(&dev->p->deferred_probe)) {
126 dev_dbg(dev, "Removed from deferred list\n");
127 list_del_init(&dev->p->deferred_probe);
129 mutex_unlock(&deferred_probe_mutex);
132 static bool driver_deferred_probe_enable = false;
134 * driver_deferred_probe_trigger() - Kick off re-probing deferred devices
136 * This functions moves all devices from the pending list to the active
137 * list and schedules the deferred probe workqueue to process them. It
138 * should be called anytime a driver is successfully bound to a device.
140 * Note, there is a race condition in multi-threaded probe. In the case where
141 * more than one device is probing at the same time, it is possible for one
142 * probe to complete successfully while another is about to defer. If the second
143 * depends on the first, then it will get put on the pending list after the
144 * trigger event has already occured and will be stuck there.
146 * The atomic 'deferred_trigger_count' is used to determine if a successful
147 * trigger has occurred in the midst of probing a driver. If the trigger count
148 * changes in the midst of a probe, then deferred processing should be triggered
151 static void driver_deferred_probe_trigger(void)
153 if (!driver_deferred_probe_enable)
157 * A successful probe means that all the devices in the pending list
158 * should be triggered to be reprobed. Move all the deferred devices
159 * into the active list so they can be retried by the workqueue
161 mutex_lock(&deferred_probe_mutex);
162 atomic_inc(&deferred_trigger_count);
163 list_splice_tail_init(&deferred_probe_pending_list,
164 &deferred_probe_active_list);
165 mutex_unlock(&deferred_probe_mutex);
168 * Kick the re-probe thread. It may already be scheduled, but it is
169 * safe to kick it again.
171 queue_work(deferred_wq, &deferred_probe_work);
175 * deferred_probe_initcall() - Enable probing of deferred devices
177 * We don't want to get in the way when the bulk of drivers are getting probed.
178 * Instead, this initcall makes sure that deferred probing is delayed until
179 * late_initcall time.
181 static int deferred_probe_initcall(void)
183 deferred_wq = create_singlethread_workqueue("deferwq");
184 if (WARN_ON(!deferred_wq))
187 driver_deferred_probe_enable = true;
188 driver_deferred_probe_trigger();
189 /* Sort as many dependencies as possible before exiting initcalls */
190 flush_workqueue(deferred_wq);
193 late_initcall(deferred_probe_initcall);
195 static void driver_bound(struct device *dev)
197 if (klist_node_attached(&dev->p->knode_driver)) {
198 printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: device %s already bound\n",
199 __func__, kobject_name(&dev->kobj));
203 pr_debug("driver: '%s': %s: bound to device '%s'\n", dev->driver->name,
204 __func__, dev_name(dev));
206 klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_driver, &dev->driver->p->klist_devices);
209 * Make sure the device is no longer in one of the deferred lists and
210 * kick off retrying all pending devices
212 driver_deferred_probe_del(dev);
213 driver_deferred_probe_trigger();
216 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
217 BUS_NOTIFY_BOUND_DRIVER, dev);
220 static int driver_sysfs_add(struct device *dev)
225 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
226 BUS_NOTIFY_BIND_DRIVER, dev);
228 ret = sysfs_create_link(&dev->driver->p->kobj, &dev->kobj,
229 kobject_name(&dev->kobj));
231 ret = sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj, &dev->driver->p->kobj,
234 sysfs_remove_link(&dev->driver->p->kobj,
235 kobject_name(&dev->kobj));
240 static void driver_sysfs_remove(struct device *dev)
242 struct device_driver *drv = dev->driver;
245 sysfs_remove_link(&drv->p->kobj, kobject_name(&dev->kobj));
246 sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "driver");
251 * device_bind_driver - bind a driver to one device.
254 * Allow manual attachment of a driver to a device.
255 * Caller must have already set @dev->driver.
257 * Note that this does not modify the bus reference count
258 * nor take the bus's rwsem. Please verify those are accounted
259 * for before calling this. (It is ok to call with no other effort
260 * from a driver's probe() method.)
262 * This function must be called with the device lock held.
264 int device_bind_driver(struct device *dev)
268 ret = driver_sysfs_add(dev);
273 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_bind_driver);
275 static atomic_t probe_count = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
276 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(probe_waitqueue);
278 static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
281 int local_trigger_count = atomic_read(&deferred_trigger_count);
283 atomic_inc(&probe_count);
284 pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: probing driver %s with device %s\n",
285 drv->bus->name, __func__, drv->name, dev_name(dev));
286 WARN_ON(!list_empty(&dev->devres_head));
290 /* If using pinctrl, bind pins now before probing */
291 ret = pinctrl_bind_pins(dev);
295 if (driver_sysfs_add(dev)) {
296 printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_sysfs_add(%s) failed\n",
297 __func__, dev_name(dev));
301 if (dev->bus->probe) {
302 ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);
305 } else if (drv->probe) {
306 ret = drv->probe(dev);
313 pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: bound device %s to driver %s\n",
314 drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);
318 devres_release_all(dev);
319 driver_sysfs_remove(dev);
321 dev_set_drvdata(dev, NULL);
323 if (ret == -EPROBE_DEFER) {
324 /* Driver requested deferred probing */
325 dev_info(dev, "Driver %s requests probe deferral\n", drv->name);
326 driver_deferred_probe_add(dev);
327 /* Did a trigger occur while probing? Need to re-trigger if yes */
328 if (local_trigger_count != atomic_read(&deferred_trigger_count))
329 driver_deferred_probe_trigger();
330 } else if (ret != -ENODEV && ret != -ENXIO) {
331 /* driver matched but the probe failed */
333 "%s: probe of %s failed with error %d\n",
334 drv->name, dev_name(dev), ret);
336 pr_debug("%s: probe of %s rejects match %d\n",
337 drv->name, dev_name(dev), ret);
340 * Ignore errors returned by ->probe so that the next driver can try
345 atomic_dec(&probe_count);
346 wake_up(&probe_waitqueue);
352 * Determine if the probe sequence is finished or not.
354 * Should somehow figure out how to use a semaphore, not an atomic variable...
356 int driver_probe_done(void)
358 pr_debug("%s: probe_count = %d\n", __func__,
359 atomic_read(&probe_count));
360 if (atomic_read(&probe_count))
366 * wait_for_device_probe
367 * Wait for device probing to be completed.
369 void wait_for_device_probe(void)
371 /* wait for the known devices to complete their probing */
372 wait_event(probe_waitqueue, atomic_read(&probe_count) == 0);
373 async_synchronize_full();
375 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wait_for_device_probe);
378 * driver_probe_device - attempt to bind device & driver together
379 * @drv: driver to bind a device to
380 * @dev: device to try to bind to the driver
382 * This function returns -ENODEV if the device is not registered,
383 * 1 if the device is bound successfully and 0 otherwise.
385 * This function must be called with @dev lock held. When called for a
386 * USB interface, @dev->parent lock must be held as well.
388 int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device *dev)
392 if (!device_is_registered(dev))
395 pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: matched device %s with driver %s\n",
396 drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);
398 pm_runtime_barrier(dev);
399 ret = really_probe(dev, drv);
400 pm_request_idle(dev);
405 static int __device_attach(struct device_driver *drv, void *data)
407 struct device *dev = data;
409 if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev))
412 return driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
416 * device_attach - try to attach device to a driver.
419 * Walk the list of drivers that the bus has and call
420 * driver_probe_device() for each pair. If a compatible
421 * pair is found, break out and return.
423 * Returns 1 if the device was bound to a driver;
424 * 0 if no matching driver was found;
425 * -ENODEV if the device is not registered.
427 * When called for a USB interface, @dev->parent lock must be held.
429 int device_attach(struct device *dev)
435 if (klist_node_attached(&dev->p->knode_driver)) {
439 ret = device_bind_driver(dev);
447 ret = bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, dev, __device_attach);
448 pm_request_idle(dev);
454 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_attach);
456 static int __driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data)
458 struct device_driver *drv = data;
461 * Lock device and try to bind to it. We drop the error
462 * here and always return 0, because we need to keep trying
463 * to bind to devices and some drivers will return an error
464 * simply if it didn't support the device.
466 * driver_probe_device() will spit a warning if there
470 if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev))
473 if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */
474 device_lock(dev->parent);
477 driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
480 device_unlock(dev->parent);
486 * driver_attach - try to bind driver to devices.
489 * Walk the list of devices that the bus has on it and try to
490 * match the driver with each one. If driver_probe_device()
491 * returns 0 and the @dev->driver is set, we've found a
494 int driver_attach(struct device_driver *drv)
496 return bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach);
498 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(driver_attach);
501 * __device_release_driver() must be called with @dev lock held.
502 * When called for a USB interface, @dev->parent lock must be held as well.
504 static void __device_release_driver(struct device *dev)
506 struct device_driver *drv;
510 pm_runtime_get_sync(dev);
512 driver_sysfs_remove(dev);
515 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
516 BUS_NOTIFY_UNBIND_DRIVER,
519 pm_runtime_put_sync(dev);
521 if (dev->bus && dev->bus->remove)
522 dev->bus->remove(dev);
523 else if (drv->remove)
525 devres_release_all(dev);
527 dev_set_drvdata(dev, NULL);
528 klist_remove(&dev->p->knode_driver);
530 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
531 BUS_NOTIFY_UNBOUND_DRIVER,
538 * device_release_driver - manually detach device from driver.
541 * Manually detach device from driver.
542 * When called for a USB interface, @dev->parent lock must be held.
544 void device_release_driver(struct device *dev)
547 * If anyone calls device_release_driver() recursively from
548 * within their ->remove callback for the same device, they
549 * will deadlock right here.
552 __device_release_driver(dev);
555 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_release_driver);
558 * driver_detach - detach driver from all devices it controls.
561 void driver_detach(struct device_driver *drv)
563 struct device_private *dev_prv;
567 spin_lock(&drv->p->klist_devices.k_lock);
568 if (list_empty(&drv->p->klist_devices.k_list)) {
569 spin_unlock(&drv->p->klist_devices.k_lock);
572 dev_prv = list_entry(drv->p->klist_devices.k_list.prev,
573 struct device_private,
574 knode_driver.n_node);
575 dev = dev_prv->device;
577 spin_unlock(&drv->p->klist_devices.k_lock);
579 if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */
580 device_lock(dev->parent);
582 if (dev->driver == drv)
583 __device_release_driver(dev);
586 device_unlock(dev->parent);