2 * mmc_spi.c - Access SD/MMC cards through SPI master controllers
4 * (C) Copyright 2005, Intec Automation,
5 * Mike Lavender (mike@steroidmicros)
6 * (C) Copyright 2006-2007, David Brownell
7 * (C) Copyright 2007, Axis Communications,
8 * Hans-Peter Nilsson (hp@axis.com)
9 * (C) Copyright 2007, ATRON electronic GmbH,
10 * Jan Nikitenko <jan.nikitenko@gmail.com>
13 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
14 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
15 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
16 * (at your option) any later version.
18 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
19 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
20 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
21 * GNU General Public License for more details.
23 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
24 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
25 * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
27 #include <linux/sched.h>
28 #include <linux/delay.h>
29 #include <linux/slab.h>
30 #include <linux/module.h>
31 #include <linux/bio.h>
32 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
33 #include <linux/crc7.h>
34 #include <linux/crc-itu-t.h>
35 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
37 #include <linux/mmc/host.h>
38 #include <linux/mmc/mmc.h> /* for R1_SPI_* bit values */
40 #include <linux/spi/spi.h>
41 #include <linux/spi/mmc_spi.h>
43 #include <asm/unaligned.h>
48 * - For now, we won't try to interoperate with a real mmc/sd/sdio
49 * controller, although some of them do have hardware support for
50 * SPI protocol. The main reason for such configs would be mmc-ish
51 * cards like DataFlash, which don't support that "native" protocol.
53 * We don't have a "DataFlash/MMC/SD/SDIO card slot" abstraction to
54 * switch between driver stacks, and in any case if "native" mode
55 * is available, it will be faster and hence preferable.
57 * - MMC depends on a different chipselect management policy than the
58 * SPI interface currently supports for shared bus segments: it needs
59 * to issue multiple spi_message requests with the chipselect active,
60 * using the results of one message to decide the next one to issue.
62 * Pending updates to the programming interface, this driver expects
63 * that it not share the bus with other drivers (precluding conflicts).
65 * - We tell the controller to keep the chipselect active from the
66 * beginning of an mmc_host_ops.request until the end. So beware
67 * of SPI controller drivers that mis-handle the cs_change flag!
69 * However, many cards seem OK with chipselect flapping up/down
70 * during that time ... at least on unshared bus segments.
75 * Local protocol constants, internal to data block protocols.
78 /* Response tokens used to ack each block written: */
79 #define SPI_MMC_RESPONSE_CODE(x) ((x) & 0x1f)
80 #define SPI_RESPONSE_ACCEPTED ((2 << 1)|1)
81 #define SPI_RESPONSE_CRC_ERR ((5 << 1)|1)
82 #define SPI_RESPONSE_WRITE_ERR ((6 << 1)|1)
84 /* Read and write blocks start with these tokens and end with crc;
85 * on error, read tokens act like a subset of R2_SPI_* values.
87 #define SPI_TOKEN_SINGLE 0xfe /* single block r/w, multiblock read */
88 #define SPI_TOKEN_MULTI_WRITE 0xfc /* multiblock write */
89 #define SPI_TOKEN_STOP_TRAN 0xfd /* terminate multiblock write */
91 #define MMC_SPI_BLOCKSIZE 512
94 /* These fixed timeouts come from the latest SD specs, which say to ignore
95 * the CSD values. The R1B value is for card erase (e.g. the "I forgot the
96 * card's password" scenario); it's mostly applied to STOP_TRANSMISSION after
97 * reads which takes nowhere near that long. Older cards may be able to use
98 * shorter timeouts ... but why bother?
100 #define r1b_timeout (HZ * 3)
102 /* One of the critical speed parameters is the amount of data which may
103 * be transferred in one command. If this value is too low, the SD card
104 * controller has to do multiple partial block writes (argggh!). With
105 * today (2008) SD cards there is little speed gain if we transfer more
106 * than 64 KBytes at a time. So use this value until there is any indication
107 * that we should do more here.
109 #define MMC_SPI_BLOCKSATONCE 128
111 /****************************************************************************/
114 * Local Data Structures
117 /* "scratch" is per-{command,block} data exchanged with the card */
124 struct mmc_spi_host {
125 struct mmc_host *mmc;
126 struct spi_device *spi;
128 unsigned char power_mode;
131 struct mmc_spi_platform_data *pdata;
133 /* for bulk data transfers */
134 struct spi_transfer token, t, crc, early_status;
135 struct spi_message m;
137 /* for status readback */
138 struct spi_transfer status;
139 struct spi_message readback;
141 /* underlying DMA-aware controller, or null */
142 struct device *dma_dev;
144 /* buffer used for commands and for message "overhead" */
145 struct scratch *data;
148 /* Specs say to write ones most of the time, even when the card
149 * has no need to read its input data; and many cards won't care.
150 * This is our source of those ones.
157 /****************************************************************************/
160 * MMC-over-SPI protocol glue, used by the MMC stack interface
163 static inline int mmc_cs_off(struct mmc_spi_host *host)
165 /* chipselect will always be inactive after setup() */
166 return spi_setup(host->spi);
170 mmc_spi_readbytes(struct mmc_spi_host *host, unsigned len)
174 if (len > sizeof(*host->data)) {
179 host->status.len = len;
182 dma_sync_single_for_device(host->dma_dev,
183 host->data_dma, sizeof(*host->data),
186 status = spi_sync_locked(host->spi, &host->readback);
189 dma_sync_single_for_cpu(host->dma_dev,
190 host->data_dma, sizeof(*host->data),
196 static int mmc_spi_skip(struct mmc_spi_host *host, unsigned long timeout,
199 u8 *cp = host->data->status;
200 unsigned long start = jiffies;
206 status = mmc_spi_readbytes(host, n);
210 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
215 if (time_is_before_jiffies(start + timeout))
218 /* If we need long timeouts, we may release the CPU.
219 * We use jiffies here because we want to have a relation
220 * between elapsed time and the blocking of the scheduler.
222 if (time_is_before_jiffies(start+1))
229 mmc_spi_wait_unbusy(struct mmc_spi_host *host, unsigned long timeout)
231 return mmc_spi_skip(host, timeout, sizeof(host->data->status), 0);
234 static int mmc_spi_readtoken(struct mmc_spi_host *host, unsigned long timeout)
236 return mmc_spi_skip(host, timeout, 1, 0xff);
241 * Note that for SPI, cmd->resp[0] is not the same data as "native" protocol
242 * hosts return! The low byte holds R1_SPI bits. The next byte may hold
243 * R2_SPI bits ... for SEND_STATUS, or after data read errors.
245 * cmd->resp[1] holds any four-byte response, for R3 (READ_OCR) and on
246 * newer cards R7 (IF_COND).
249 static char *maptype(struct mmc_command *cmd)
251 switch (mmc_spi_resp_type(cmd)) {
252 case MMC_RSP_SPI_R1: return "R1";
253 case MMC_RSP_SPI_R1B: return "R1B";
254 case MMC_RSP_SPI_R2: return "R2/R5";
255 case MMC_RSP_SPI_R3: return "R3/R4/R7";
260 /* return zero, else negative errno after setting cmd->error */
261 static int mmc_spi_response_get(struct mmc_spi_host *host,
262 struct mmc_command *cmd, int cs_on)
264 u8 *cp = host->data->status;
265 u8 *end = cp + host->t.len;
269 unsigned short rotator;
273 snprintf(tag, sizeof(tag), " ... CMD%d response SPI_%s",
274 cmd->opcode, maptype(cmd));
276 /* Except for data block reads, the whole response will already
277 * be stored in the scratch buffer. It's somewhere after the
278 * command and the first byte we read after it. We ignore that
279 * first byte. After STOP_TRANSMISSION command it may include
280 * two data bits, but otherwise it's all ones.
283 while (cp < end && *cp == 0xff)
286 /* Data block reads (R1 response types) may need more data... */
288 cp = host->data->status;
291 /* Card sends N(CR) (== 1..8) bytes of all-ones then one
292 * status byte ... and we already scanned 2 bytes.
294 * REVISIT block read paths use nasty byte-at-a-time I/O
295 * so it can always DMA directly into the target buffer.
296 * It'd probably be better to memcpy() the first chunk and
297 * avoid extra i/o calls...
299 * Note we check for more than 8 bytes, because in practice,
300 * some SD cards are slow...
302 for (i = 2; i < 16; i++) {
303 value = mmc_spi_readbytes(host, 1);
316 /* Houston, we have an ugly card with a bit-shifted response */
317 rotator = *cp++ << 8;
318 /* read the next byte */
320 value = mmc_spi_readbytes(host, 1);
323 cp = host->data->status;
327 while (rotator & 0x8000) {
331 cmd->resp[0] = rotator >> 8;
334 cmd->resp[0] = *cp++;
338 /* Status byte: the entire seven-bit R1 response. */
339 if (cmd->resp[0] != 0) {
340 if ((R1_SPI_PARAMETER | R1_SPI_ADDRESS)
342 value = -EFAULT; /* Bad address */
343 else if (R1_SPI_ILLEGAL_COMMAND & cmd->resp[0])
344 value = -ENOSYS; /* Function not implemented */
345 else if (R1_SPI_COM_CRC & cmd->resp[0])
346 value = -EILSEQ; /* Illegal byte sequence */
347 else if ((R1_SPI_ERASE_SEQ | R1_SPI_ERASE_RESET)
349 value = -EIO; /* I/O error */
350 /* else R1_SPI_IDLE, "it's resetting" */
353 switch (mmc_spi_resp_type(cmd)) {
355 /* SPI R1B == R1 + busy; STOP_TRANSMISSION (for multiblock reads)
356 * and less-common stuff like various erase operations.
358 case MMC_RSP_SPI_R1B:
359 /* maybe we read all the busy tokens already */
360 while (cp < end && *cp == 0)
363 mmc_spi_wait_unbusy(host, r1b_timeout);
366 /* SPI R2 == R1 + second status byte; SEND_STATUS
367 * SPI R5 == R1 + data byte; IO_RW_DIRECT
370 /* read the next byte */
372 value = mmc_spi_readbytes(host, 1);
375 cp = host->data->status;
379 rotator = leftover << 8;
380 rotator |= *cp << bitshift;
381 cmd->resp[0] |= (rotator & 0xFF00);
383 cmd->resp[0] |= *cp << 8;
387 /* SPI R3, R4, or R7 == R1 + 4 bytes */
389 rotator = leftover << 8;
391 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
393 /* read the next byte */
395 value = mmc_spi_readbytes(host, 1);
398 cp = host->data->status;
402 rotator |= *cp++ << bitshift;
403 cmd->resp[1] |= (rotator >> 8);
406 cmd->resp[1] |= *cp++;
411 /* SPI R1 == just one status byte */
416 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev, "bad response type %04x\n",
417 mmc_spi_resp_type(cmd));
424 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev, "%s: resp %04x %08x\n",
425 tag, cmd->resp[0], cmd->resp[1]);
427 /* disable chipselect on errors and some success cases */
428 if (value >= 0 && cs_on)
437 /* Issue command and read its response.
438 * Returns zero on success, negative for error.
440 * On error, caller must cope with mmc core retry mechanism. That
441 * means immediate low-level resubmit, which affects the bus lock...
444 mmc_spi_command_send(struct mmc_spi_host *host,
445 struct mmc_request *mrq,
446 struct mmc_command *cmd, int cs_on)
448 struct scratch *data = host->data;
449 u8 *cp = data->status;
452 struct spi_transfer *t;
454 /* We can handle most commands (except block reads) in one full
455 * duplex I/O operation before either starting the next transfer
456 * (data block or command) or else deselecting the card.
458 * First, write 7 bytes:
459 * - an all-ones byte to ensure the card is ready
460 * - opcode byte (plus start and transmission bits)
461 * - four bytes of big-endian argument
462 * - crc7 (plus end bit) ... always computed, it's cheap
464 * We init the whole buffer to all-ones, which is what we need
465 * to write while we're reading (later) response data.
467 memset(cp++, 0xff, sizeof(data->status));
469 *cp++ = 0x40 | cmd->opcode;
470 *cp++ = (u8)(arg >> 24);
471 *cp++ = (u8)(arg >> 16);
472 *cp++ = (u8)(arg >> 8);
474 *cp++ = (crc7(0, &data->status[1], 5) << 1) | 0x01;
476 /* Then, read up to 13 bytes (while writing all-ones):
477 * - N(CR) (== 1..8) bytes of all-ones
478 * - status byte (for all response types)
479 * - the rest of the response, either:
480 * + nothing, for R1 or R1B responses
481 * + second status byte, for R2 responses
482 * + four data bytes, for R3 and R7 responses
484 * Finally, read some more bytes ... in the nice cases we know in
485 * advance how many, and reading 1 more is always OK:
486 * - N(EC) (== 0..N) bytes of all-ones, before deselect/finish
487 * - N(RC) (== 1..N) bytes of all-ones, before next command
488 * - N(WR) (== 1..N) bytes of all-ones, before data write
490 * So in those cases one full duplex I/O of at most 21 bytes will
491 * handle the whole command, leaving the card ready to receive a
492 * data block or new command. We do that whenever we can, shaving
493 * CPU and IRQ costs (especially when using DMA or FIFOs).
495 * There are two other cases, where it's not generally practical
496 * to rely on a single I/O:
498 * - R1B responses need at least N(EC) bytes of all-zeroes.
500 * In this case we can *try* to fit it into one I/O, then
501 * maybe read more data later.
503 * - Data block reads are more troublesome, since a variable
504 * number of padding bytes precede the token and data.
505 * + N(CX) (== 0..8) bytes of all-ones, before CSD or CID
506 * + N(AC) (== 1..many) bytes of all-ones
508 * In this case we currently only have minimal speedups here:
509 * when N(CR) == 1 we can avoid I/O in response_get().
511 if (cs_on && (mrq->data->flags & MMC_DATA_READ)) {
512 cp += 2; /* min(N(CR)) + status */
515 cp += 10; /* max(N(CR)) + status + min(N(RC),N(WR)) */
516 if (cmd->flags & MMC_RSP_SPI_S2) /* R2/R5 */
518 else if (cmd->flags & MMC_RSP_SPI_B4) /* R3/R4/R7 */
520 else if (cmd->flags & MMC_RSP_BUSY) /* R1B */
521 cp = data->status + sizeof(data->status);
522 /* else: R1 (most commands) */
525 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev, " mmc_spi: CMD%d, resp %s\n",
526 cmd->opcode, maptype(cmd));
528 /* send command, leaving chipselect active */
529 spi_message_init(&host->m);
532 memset(t, 0, sizeof(*t));
533 t->tx_buf = t->rx_buf = data->status;
534 t->tx_dma = t->rx_dma = host->data_dma;
535 t->len = cp - data->status;
537 spi_message_add_tail(t, &host->m);
540 host->m.is_dma_mapped = 1;
541 dma_sync_single_for_device(host->dma_dev,
542 host->data_dma, sizeof(*host->data),
545 status = spi_sync_locked(host->spi, &host->m);
548 dma_sync_single_for_cpu(host->dma_dev,
549 host->data_dma, sizeof(*host->data),
552 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev, " ... write returned %d\n", status);
557 /* after no-data commands and STOP_TRANSMISSION, chipselect off */
558 return mmc_spi_response_get(host, cmd, cs_on);
561 /* Build data message with up to four separate transfers. For TX, we
562 * start by writing the data token. And in most cases, we finish with
565 * We always provide TX data for data and CRC. The MMC/SD protocol
566 * requires us to write ones; but Linux defaults to writing zeroes;
567 * so we explicitly initialize it to all ones on RX paths.
569 * We also handle DMA mapping, so the underlying SPI controller does
570 * not need to (re)do it for each message.
573 mmc_spi_setup_data_message(
574 struct mmc_spi_host *host,
576 enum dma_data_direction direction)
578 struct spi_transfer *t;
579 struct scratch *scratch = host->data;
580 dma_addr_t dma = host->data_dma;
582 spi_message_init(&host->m);
584 host->m.is_dma_mapped = 1;
586 /* for reads, readblock() skips 0xff bytes before finding
587 * the token; for writes, this transfer issues that token.
589 if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE) {
591 memset(t, 0, sizeof(*t));
594 scratch->data_token = SPI_TOKEN_MULTI_WRITE;
596 scratch->data_token = SPI_TOKEN_SINGLE;
597 t->tx_buf = &scratch->data_token;
599 t->tx_dma = dma + offsetof(struct scratch, data_token);
600 spi_message_add_tail(t, &host->m);
603 /* Body of transfer is buffer, then CRC ...
604 * either TX-only, or RX with TX-ones.
607 memset(t, 0, sizeof(*t));
608 t->tx_buf = host->ones;
609 t->tx_dma = host->ones_dma;
610 /* length and actual buffer info are written later */
611 spi_message_add_tail(t, &host->m);
614 memset(t, 0, sizeof(*t));
616 if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE) {
617 /* the actual CRC may get written later */
618 t->tx_buf = &scratch->crc_val;
620 t->tx_dma = dma + offsetof(struct scratch, crc_val);
622 t->tx_buf = host->ones;
623 t->tx_dma = host->ones_dma;
624 t->rx_buf = &scratch->crc_val;
626 t->rx_dma = dma + offsetof(struct scratch, crc_val);
628 spi_message_add_tail(t, &host->m);
631 * A single block read is followed by N(EC) [0+] all-ones bytes
632 * before deselect ... don't bother.
634 * Multiblock reads are followed by N(AC) [1+] all-ones bytes before
635 * the next block is read, or a STOP_TRANSMISSION is issued. We'll
636 * collect that single byte, so readblock() doesn't need to.
638 * For a write, the one-byte data response follows immediately, then
639 * come zero or more busy bytes, then N(WR) [1+] all-ones bytes.
640 * Then single block reads may deselect, and multiblock ones issue
641 * the next token (next data block, or STOP_TRAN). We can try to
642 * minimize I/O ops by using a single read to collect end-of-busy.
644 if (multiple || direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE) {
645 t = &host->early_status;
646 memset(t, 0, sizeof(*t));
647 t->len = (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
648 ? sizeof(scratch->status)
650 t->tx_buf = host->ones;
651 t->tx_dma = host->ones_dma;
652 t->rx_buf = scratch->status;
654 t->rx_dma = dma + offsetof(struct scratch, status);
656 spi_message_add_tail(t, &host->m);
662 * - caller handled preceding N(WR) [1+] all-ones bytes
667 * - an all-ones byte ... card writes a data-response byte
668 * - followed by N(EC) [0+] all-ones bytes, card writes zero/'busy'
670 * Return negative errno, else success.
673 mmc_spi_writeblock(struct mmc_spi_host *host, struct spi_transfer *t,
674 unsigned long timeout)
676 struct spi_device *spi = host->spi;
678 struct scratch *scratch = host->data;
681 if (host->mmc->use_spi_crc)
682 scratch->crc_val = cpu_to_be16(
683 crc_itu_t(0, t->tx_buf, t->len));
685 dma_sync_single_for_device(host->dma_dev,
686 host->data_dma, sizeof(*scratch),
689 status = spi_sync_locked(spi, &host->m);
692 dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "write error (%d)\n", status);
697 dma_sync_single_for_cpu(host->dma_dev,
698 host->data_dma, sizeof(*scratch),
702 * Get the transmission data-response reply. It must follow
703 * immediately after the data block we transferred. This reply
704 * doesn't necessarily tell whether the write operation succeeded;
705 * it just says if the transmission was ok and whether *earlier*
706 * writes succeeded; see the standard.
708 * In practice, there are (even modern SDHC-)cards which are late
709 * in sending the response, and miss the time frame by a few bits,
710 * so we have to cope with this situation and check the response
711 * bit-by-bit. Arggh!!!
713 pattern = scratch->status[0] << 24;
714 pattern |= scratch->status[1] << 16;
715 pattern |= scratch->status[2] << 8;
716 pattern |= scratch->status[3];
718 /* First 3 bit of pattern are undefined */
719 pattern |= 0xE0000000;
721 /* left-adjust to leading 0 bit */
722 while (pattern & 0x80000000)
724 /* right-adjust for pattern matching. Code is in bit 4..0 now. */
728 case SPI_RESPONSE_ACCEPTED:
731 case SPI_RESPONSE_CRC_ERR:
732 /* host shall then issue MMC_STOP_TRANSMISSION */
735 case SPI_RESPONSE_WRITE_ERR:
736 /* host shall then issue MMC_STOP_TRANSMISSION,
737 * and should MMC_SEND_STATUS to sort it out
746 dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "write error %02x (%d)\n",
747 scratch->status[0], status);
755 /* Return when not busy. If we didn't collect that status yet,
756 * we'll need some more I/O.
758 for (i = 4; i < sizeof(scratch->status); i++) {
759 /* card is non-busy if the most recent bit is 1 */
760 if (scratch->status[i] & 0x01)
763 return mmc_spi_wait_unbusy(host, timeout);
768 * - skip leading all-ones bytes ... either
769 * + N(AC) [1..f(clock,CSD)] usually, else
770 * + N(CX) [0..8] when reading CSD or CID
772 * + token ... if error token, no data or crc
776 * After single block reads, we're done; N(EC) [0+] all-ones bytes follow
777 * before dropping chipselect.
779 * For multiblock reads, caller either reads the next block or issues a
780 * STOP_TRANSMISSION command.
783 mmc_spi_readblock(struct mmc_spi_host *host, struct spi_transfer *t,
784 unsigned long timeout)
786 struct spi_device *spi = host->spi;
788 struct scratch *scratch = host->data;
789 unsigned int bitshift;
792 /* At least one SD card sends an all-zeroes byte when N(CX)
793 * applies, before the all-ones bytes ... just cope with that.
795 status = mmc_spi_readbytes(host, 1);
798 status = scratch->status[0];
799 if (status == 0xff || status == 0)
800 status = mmc_spi_readtoken(host, timeout);
803 dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "read error %02x (%d)\n", status, status);
807 /* The token may be bit-shifted...
808 * the first 0-bit precedes the data stream.
811 while (status & 0x80) {
815 leftover = status << 1;
818 dma_sync_single_for_device(host->dma_dev,
819 host->data_dma, sizeof(*scratch),
821 dma_sync_single_for_device(host->dma_dev,
826 status = spi_sync_locked(spi, &host->m);
829 dma_sync_single_for_cpu(host->dma_dev,
830 host->data_dma, sizeof(*scratch),
832 dma_sync_single_for_cpu(host->dma_dev,
838 /* Walk through the data and the crc and do
839 * all the magic to get byte-aligned data.
843 unsigned int bitright = 8 - bitshift;
845 for (len = t->len; len; len--) {
847 *cp++ = leftover | (temp >> bitshift);
848 leftover = temp << bitright;
850 cp = (u8 *) &scratch->crc_val;
852 *cp++ = leftover | (temp >> bitshift);
853 leftover = temp << bitright;
855 *cp = leftover | (temp >> bitshift);
858 if (host->mmc->use_spi_crc) {
859 u16 crc = crc_itu_t(0, t->rx_buf, t->len);
861 be16_to_cpus(&scratch->crc_val);
862 if (scratch->crc_val != crc) {
863 dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "read - crc error: crc_val=0x%04x, "
864 "computed=0x%04x len=%d\n",
865 scratch->crc_val, crc, t->len);
878 * An MMC/SD data stage includes one or more blocks, optional CRCs,
879 * and inline handshaking. That handhaking makes it unlike most
880 * other SPI protocol stacks.
883 mmc_spi_data_do(struct mmc_spi_host *host, struct mmc_command *cmd,
884 struct mmc_data *data, u32 blk_size)
886 struct spi_device *spi = host->spi;
887 struct device *dma_dev = host->dma_dev;
888 struct spi_transfer *t;
889 enum dma_data_direction direction;
890 struct scatterlist *sg;
892 int multiple = (data->blocks > 1);
894 unsigned long timeout;
896 if (data->flags & MMC_DATA_READ)
897 direction = DMA_FROM_DEVICE;
899 direction = DMA_TO_DEVICE;
900 mmc_spi_setup_data_message(host, multiple, direction);
904 clock_rate = t->speed_hz;
906 clock_rate = spi->max_speed_hz;
908 timeout = data->timeout_ns +
909 data->timeout_clks * 1000000 / clock_rate;
910 timeout = usecs_to_jiffies((unsigned int)(timeout / 1000)) + 1;
912 /* Handle scatterlist segments one at a time, with synch for
913 * each 512-byte block
915 for (sg = data->sg, n_sg = data->sg_len; n_sg; n_sg--, sg++) {
917 dma_addr_t dma_addr = 0;
919 unsigned length = sg->length;
920 enum dma_data_direction dir = direction;
922 /* set up dma mapping for controller drivers that might
923 * use DMA ... though they may fall back to PIO
926 /* never invalidate whole *shared* pages ... */
927 if ((sg->offset != 0 || length != PAGE_SIZE)
928 && dir == DMA_FROM_DEVICE)
929 dir = DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL;
931 dma_addr = dma_map_page(dma_dev, sg_page(sg), 0,
933 if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
934 t->tx_dma = dma_addr + sg->offset;
936 t->rx_dma = dma_addr + sg->offset;
939 /* allow pio too; we don't allow highmem */
940 kmap_addr = kmap(sg_page(sg));
941 if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
942 t->tx_buf = kmap_addr + sg->offset;
944 t->rx_buf = kmap_addr + sg->offset;
946 /* transfer each block, and update request status */
948 t->len = min(length, blk_size);
950 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev,
951 " mmc_spi: %s block, %d bytes\n",
952 (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
957 if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
958 status = mmc_spi_writeblock(host, t, timeout);
960 status = mmc_spi_readblock(host, t, timeout);
964 data->bytes_xfered += t->len;
971 /* discard mappings */
972 if (direction == DMA_FROM_DEVICE)
973 flush_kernel_dcache_page(sg_page(sg));
976 dma_unmap_page(dma_dev, dma_addr, PAGE_SIZE, dir);
979 data->error = status;
980 dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%s status %d\n",
981 (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
988 /* NOTE some docs describe an MMC-only SET_BLOCK_COUNT (CMD23) that
989 * can be issued before multiblock writes. Unlike its more widely
990 * documented analogue for SD cards (SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT, ACMD23),
991 * that can affect the STOP_TRAN logic. Complete (and current)
992 * MMC specs should sort that out before Linux starts using CMD23.
994 if (direction == DMA_TO_DEVICE && multiple) {
995 struct scratch *scratch = host->data;
997 const unsigned statlen = sizeof(scratch->status);
999 dev_dbg(&spi->dev, " mmc_spi: STOP_TRAN\n");
1001 /* Tweak the per-block message we set up earlier by morphing
1002 * it to hold single buffer with the token followed by some
1003 * all-ones bytes ... skip N(BR) (0..1), scan the rest for
1004 * "not busy any longer" status, and leave chip selected.
1006 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&host->m.transfers);
1007 list_add(&host->early_status.transfer_list,
1008 &host->m.transfers);
1010 memset(scratch->status, 0xff, statlen);
1011 scratch->status[0] = SPI_TOKEN_STOP_TRAN;
1013 host->early_status.tx_buf = host->early_status.rx_buf;
1014 host->early_status.tx_dma = host->early_status.rx_dma;
1015 host->early_status.len = statlen;
1018 dma_sync_single_for_device(host->dma_dev,
1019 host->data_dma, sizeof(*scratch),
1022 tmp = spi_sync_locked(spi, &host->m);
1025 dma_sync_single_for_cpu(host->dma_dev,
1026 host->data_dma, sizeof(*scratch),
1035 /* Ideally we collected "not busy" status with one I/O,
1036 * avoiding wasteful byte-at-a-time scanning... but more
1037 * I/O is often needed.
1039 for (tmp = 2; tmp < statlen; tmp++) {
1040 if (scratch->status[tmp] != 0)
1043 tmp = mmc_spi_wait_unbusy(host, timeout);
1044 if (tmp < 0 && !data->error)
1049 /****************************************************************************/
1052 * MMC driver implementation -- the interface to the MMC stack
1055 static void mmc_spi_request(struct mmc_host *mmc, struct mmc_request *mrq)
1057 struct mmc_spi_host *host = mmc_priv(mmc);
1058 int status = -EINVAL;
1060 struct mmc_command stop;
1063 /* MMC core and layered drivers *MUST* issue SPI-aware commands */
1065 struct mmc_command *cmd;
1069 if (!mmc_spi_resp_type(cmd)) {
1070 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev, "bogus command\n");
1071 cmd->error = -EINVAL;
1076 if (cmd && !mmc_spi_resp_type(cmd)) {
1077 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev, "bogus STOP command\n");
1078 cmd->error = -EINVAL;
1084 mmc_request_done(host->mmc, mrq);
1090 /* request exclusive bus access */
1091 spi_bus_lock(host->spi->master);
1094 /* issue command; then optionally data and stop */
1095 status = mmc_spi_command_send(host, mrq, mrq->cmd, mrq->data != NULL);
1096 if (status == 0 && mrq->data) {
1097 mmc_spi_data_do(host, mrq->cmd, mrq->data, mrq->data->blksz);
1100 * The SPI bus is not always reliable for large data transfers.
1101 * If an occasional crc error is reported by the SD device with
1102 * data read/write over SPI, it may be recovered by repeating
1103 * the last SD command again. The retry count is set to 5 to
1104 * ensure the driver passes stress tests.
1106 if (mrq->data->error == -EILSEQ && crc_retry) {
1107 stop.opcode = MMC_STOP_TRANSMISSION;
1109 stop.flags = MMC_RSP_SPI_R1B | MMC_RSP_R1B | MMC_CMD_AC;
1110 status = mmc_spi_command_send(host, mrq, &stop, 0);
1112 mrq->data->error = 0;
1117 status = mmc_spi_command_send(host, mrq, mrq->stop, 0);
1122 /* release the bus */
1123 spi_bus_unlock(host->spi->master);
1125 mmc_request_done(host->mmc, mrq);
1128 /* See Section 6.4.1, in SD "Simplified Physical Layer Specification 2.0"
1130 * NOTE that here we can't know that the card has just been powered up;
1131 * not all MMC/SD sockets support power switching.
1133 * FIXME when the card is still in SPI mode, e.g. from a previous kernel,
1134 * this doesn't seem to do the right thing at all...
1136 static void mmc_spi_initsequence(struct mmc_spi_host *host)
1138 /* Try to be very sure any previous command has completed;
1139 * wait till not-busy, skip debris from any old commands.
1141 mmc_spi_wait_unbusy(host, r1b_timeout);
1142 mmc_spi_readbytes(host, 10);
1145 * Do a burst with chipselect active-high. We need to do this to
1146 * meet the requirement of 74 clock cycles with both chipselect
1147 * and CMD (MOSI) high before CMD0 ... after the card has been
1148 * powered up to Vdd(min), and so is ready to take commands.
1150 * Some cards are particularly needy of this (e.g. Viking "SD256")
1151 * while most others don't seem to care.
1153 * Note that this is one of the places MMC/SD plays games with the
1154 * SPI protocol. Another is that when chipselect is released while
1155 * the card returns BUSY status, the clock must issue several cycles
1156 * with chipselect high before the card will stop driving its output.
1158 host->spi->mode |= SPI_CS_HIGH;
1159 if (spi_setup(host->spi) != 0) {
1160 /* Just warn; most cards work without it. */
1161 dev_warn(&host->spi->dev,
1162 "can't change chip-select polarity\n");
1163 host->spi->mode &= ~SPI_CS_HIGH;
1165 mmc_spi_readbytes(host, 18);
1167 host->spi->mode &= ~SPI_CS_HIGH;
1168 if (spi_setup(host->spi) != 0) {
1169 /* Wot, we can't get the same setup we had before? */
1170 dev_err(&host->spi->dev,
1171 "can't restore chip-select polarity\n");
1176 static char *mmc_powerstring(u8 power_mode)
1178 switch (power_mode) {
1179 case MMC_POWER_OFF: return "off";
1180 case MMC_POWER_UP: return "up";
1181 case MMC_POWER_ON: return "on";
1186 static void mmc_spi_set_ios(struct mmc_host *mmc, struct mmc_ios *ios)
1188 struct mmc_spi_host *host = mmc_priv(mmc);
1190 if (host->power_mode != ios->power_mode) {
1193 canpower = host->pdata && host->pdata->setpower;
1195 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev, "mmc_spi: power %s (%d)%s\n",
1196 mmc_powerstring(ios->power_mode),
1198 canpower ? ", can switch" : "");
1200 /* switch power on/off if possible, accounting for
1201 * max 250msec powerup time if needed.
1204 switch (ios->power_mode) {
1207 host->pdata->setpower(&host->spi->dev,
1209 if (ios->power_mode == MMC_POWER_UP)
1210 msleep(host->powerup_msecs);
1214 /* See 6.4.1 in the simplified SD card physical spec 2.0 */
1215 if (ios->power_mode == MMC_POWER_ON)
1216 mmc_spi_initsequence(host);
1218 /* If powering down, ground all card inputs to avoid power
1219 * delivery from data lines! On a shared SPI bus, this
1220 * will probably be temporary; 6.4.2 of the simplified SD
1221 * spec says this must last at least 1msec.
1223 * - Clock low means CPOL 0, e.g. mode 0
1224 * - MOSI low comes from writing zero
1225 * - Chipselect is usually active low...
1227 if (canpower && ios->power_mode == MMC_POWER_OFF) {
1231 host->spi->mode &= ~(SPI_CPOL|SPI_CPHA);
1232 mres = spi_setup(host->spi);
1234 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev,
1235 "switch to SPI mode 0 failed\n");
1237 if (spi_write(host->spi, &nullbyte, 1) < 0)
1238 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev,
1239 "put spi signals to low failed\n");
1242 * Now clock should be low due to spi mode 0;
1243 * MOSI should be low because of written 0x00;
1244 * chipselect should be low (it is active low)
1245 * power supply is off, so now MMC is off too!
1247 * FIXME no, chipselect can be high since the
1248 * device is inactive and SPI_CS_HIGH is clear...
1252 host->spi->mode |= (SPI_CPOL|SPI_CPHA);
1253 mres = spi_setup(host->spi);
1255 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev,
1256 "switch back to SPI mode 3"
1261 host->power_mode = ios->power_mode;
1264 if (host->spi->max_speed_hz != ios->clock && ios->clock != 0) {
1267 host->spi->max_speed_hz = ios->clock;
1268 status = spi_setup(host->spi);
1269 dev_dbg(&host->spi->dev,
1270 "mmc_spi: clock to %d Hz, %d\n",
1271 host->spi->max_speed_hz, status);
1275 static int mmc_spi_get_ro(struct mmc_host *mmc)
1277 struct mmc_spi_host *host = mmc_priv(mmc);
1279 if (host->pdata && host->pdata->get_ro)
1280 return !!host->pdata->get_ro(mmc->parent);
1282 * Board doesn't support read only detection; let the mmc core
1283 * decide what to do.
1288 static int mmc_spi_get_cd(struct mmc_host *mmc)
1290 struct mmc_spi_host *host = mmc_priv(mmc);
1292 if (host->pdata && host->pdata->get_cd)
1293 return !!host->pdata->get_cd(mmc->parent);
1297 static const struct mmc_host_ops mmc_spi_ops = {
1298 .request = mmc_spi_request,
1299 .set_ios = mmc_spi_set_ios,
1300 .get_ro = mmc_spi_get_ro,
1301 .get_cd = mmc_spi_get_cd,
1305 /****************************************************************************/
1308 * SPI driver implementation
1312 mmc_spi_detect_irq(int irq, void *mmc)
1314 struct mmc_spi_host *host = mmc_priv(mmc);
1315 u16 delay_msec = max(host->pdata->detect_delay, (u16)100);
1317 mmc_detect_change(mmc, msecs_to_jiffies(delay_msec));
1321 static int mmc_spi_probe(struct spi_device *spi)
1324 struct mmc_host *mmc;
1325 struct mmc_spi_host *host;
1328 /* We rely on full duplex transfers, mostly to reduce
1329 * per-transfer overheads (by making fewer transfers).
1331 if (spi->master->flags & SPI_MASTER_HALF_DUPLEX)
1334 /* MMC and SD specs only seem to care that sampling is on the
1335 * rising edge ... meaning SPI modes 0 or 3. So either SPI mode
1336 * should be legit. We'll use mode 0 since the steady state is 0,
1337 * which is appropriate for hotplugging, unless the platform data
1338 * specify mode 3 (if hardware is not compatible to mode 0).
1340 if (spi->mode != SPI_MODE_3)
1341 spi->mode = SPI_MODE_0;
1342 spi->bits_per_word = 8;
1344 status = spi_setup(spi);
1346 dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "needs SPI mode %02x, %d KHz; %d\n",
1347 spi->mode, spi->max_speed_hz / 1000,
1352 /* We need a supply of ones to transmit. This is the only time
1353 * the CPU touches these, so cache coherency isn't a concern.
1355 * NOTE if many systems use more than one MMC-over-SPI connector
1356 * it'd save some memory to share this. That's evidently rare.
1359 ones = kmalloc(MMC_SPI_BLOCKSIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
1362 memset(ones, 0xff, MMC_SPI_BLOCKSIZE);
1364 mmc = mmc_alloc_host(sizeof(*host), &spi->dev);
1368 mmc->ops = &mmc_spi_ops;
1369 mmc->max_blk_size = MMC_SPI_BLOCKSIZE;
1370 mmc->max_segs = MMC_SPI_BLOCKSATONCE;
1371 mmc->max_req_size = MMC_SPI_BLOCKSATONCE * MMC_SPI_BLOCKSIZE;
1372 mmc->max_blk_count = MMC_SPI_BLOCKSATONCE;
1374 mmc->caps = MMC_CAP_SPI;
1376 /* SPI doesn't need the lowspeed device identification thing for
1377 * MMC or SD cards, since it never comes up in open drain mode.
1378 * That's good; some SPI masters can't handle very low speeds!
1380 * However, low speed SDIO cards need not handle over 400 KHz;
1381 * that's the only reason not to use a few MHz for f_min (until
1382 * the upper layer reads the target frequency from the CSD).
1384 mmc->f_min = 400000;
1385 mmc->f_max = spi->max_speed_hz;
1387 host = mmc_priv(mmc);
1393 /* Platform data is used to hook up things like card sensing
1394 * and power switching gpios.
1396 host->pdata = mmc_spi_get_pdata(spi);
1398 mmc->ocr_avail = host->pdata->ocr_mask;
1399 if (!mmc->ocr_avail) {
1400 dev_warn(&spi->dev, "ASSUMING 3.2-3.4 V slot power\n");
1401 mmc->ocr_avail = MMC_VDD_32_33|MMC_VDD_33_34;
1403 if (host->pdata && host->pdata->setpower) {
1404 host->powerup_msecs = host->pdata->powerup_msecs;
1405 if (!host->powerup_msecs || host->powerup_msecs > 250)
1406 host->powerup_msecs = 250;
1409 dev_set_drvdata(&spi->dev, mmc);
1411 /* preallocate dma buffers */
1412 host->data = kmalloc(sizeof(*host->data), GFP_KERNEL);
1416 if (spi->master->dev.parent->dma_mask) {
1417 struct device *dev = spi->master->dev.parent;
1419 host->dma_dev = dev;
1420 host->ones_dma = dma_map_single(dev, ones,
1421 MMC_SPI_BLOCKSIZE, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
1422 host->data_dma = dma_map_single(dev, host->data,
1423 sizeof(*host->data), DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
1425 /* REVISIT in theory those map operations can fail... */
1427 dma_sync_single_for_cpu(host->dma_dev,
1428 host->data_dma, sizeof(*host->data),
1432 /* setup message for status/busy readback */
1433 spi_message_init(&host->readback);
1434 host->readback.is_dma_mapped = (host->dma_dev != NULL);
1436 spi_message_add_tail(&host->status, &host->readback);
1437 host->status.tx_buf = host->ones;
1438 host->status.tx_dma = host->ones_dma;
1439 host->status.rx_buf = &host->data->status;
1440 host->status.rx_dma = host->data_dma + offsetof(struct scratch, status);
1441 host->status.cs_change = 1;
1443 /* register card detect irq */
1444 if (host->pdata && host->pdata->init) {
1445 status = host->pdata->init(&spi->dev, mmc_spi_detect_irq, mmc);
1447 goto fail_glue_init;
1450 /* pass platform capabilities, if any */
1452 mmc->caps |= host->pdata->caps;
1454 status = mmc_add_host(mmc);
1458 dev_info(&spi->dev, "SD/MMC host %s%s%s%s%s\n",
1459 dev_name(&mmc->class_dev),
1460 host->dma_dev ? "" : ", no DMA",
1461 (host->pdata && host->pdata->get_ro)
1463 (host->pdata && host->pdata->setpower)
1464 ? "" : ", no poweroff",
1465 (mmc->caps & MMC_CAP_NEEDS_POLL)
1466 ? ", cd polling" : "");
1470 mmc_remove_host (mmc);
1473 dma_unmap_single(host->dma_dev, host->data_dma,
1474 sizeof(*host->data), DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
1479 mmc_spi_put_pdata(spi);
1480 dev_set_drvdata(&spi->dev, NULL);
1488 static int mmc_spi_remove(struct spi_device *spi)
1490 struct mmc_host *mmc = dev_get_drvdata(&spi->dev);
1491 struct mmc_spi_host *host;
1494 host = mmc_priv(mmc);
1496 /* prevent new mmc_detect_change() calls */
1497 if (host->pdata && host->pdata->exit)
1498 host->pdata->exit(&spi->dev, mmc);
1500 mmc_remove_host(mmc);
1502 if (host->dma_dev) {
1503 dma_unmap_single(host->dma_dev, host->ones_dma,
1504 MMC_SPI_BLOCKSIZE, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
1505 dma_unmap_single(host->dma_dev, host->data_dma,
1506 sizeof(*host->data), DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
1512 spi->max_speed_hz = mmc->f_max;
1514 mmc_spi_put_pdata(spi);
1515 dev_set_drvdata(&spi->dev, NULL);
1520 static struct of_device_id mmc_spi_of_match_table[] = {
1521 { .compatible = "mmc-spi-slot", },
1525 static struct spi_driver mmc_spi_driver = {
1528 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
1529 .of_match_table = mmc_spi_of_match_table,
1531 .probe = mmc_spi_probe,
1532 .remove = mmc_spi_remove,
1535 module_spi_driver(mmc_spi_driver);
1537 MODULE_AUTHOR("Mike Lavender, David Brownell, "
1538 "Hans-Peter Nilsson, Jan Nikitenko");
1539 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("SPI SD/MMC host driver");
1540 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
1541 MODULE_ALIAS("spi:mmc_spi");