2 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Artem Bityutskiy
3 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Jarkko Lavinen
4 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Adrian Hunter
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
7 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
8 * the Free Software Foundation.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
16 * this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
19 * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy, Jarkko Lavinen, Adria Hunter
21 * WARNING: this test program may kill your flash and your device. Do not
22 * use it unless you know what you do. Authors are not responsible for any
23 * damage caused by this program.
26 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
28 #include <linux/init.h>
29 #include <linux/module.h>
30 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
31 #include <linux/err.h>
32 #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
33 #include <linux/slab.h>
34 #include <linux/sched.h>
39 module_param(eb, int, S_IRUGO);
40 MODULE_PARM_DESC(eb, "eraseblock number within the selected MTD device");
42 static int ebcnt = 32;
43 module_param(ebcnt, int, S_IRUGO);
44 MODULE_PARM_DESC(ebcnt, "number of consecutive eraseblocks to torture");
47 module_param(pgcnt, int, S_IRUGO);
48 MODULE_PARM_DESC(pgcnt, "number of pages per eraseblock to torture (0 => all)");
50 static int dev = -EINVAL;
51 module_param(dev, int, S_IRUGO);
52 MODULE_PARM_DESC(dev, "MTD device number to use");
54 static int gran = 512;
55 module_param(gran, int, S_IRUGO);
56 MODULE_PARM_DESC(gran, "how often the status information should be printed");
59 module_param(check, int, S_IRUGO);
60 MODULE_PARM_DESC(check, "if the written data should be checked");
62 static unsigned int cycles_count;
63 module_param(cycles_count, uint, S_IRUGO);
64 MODULE_PARM_DESC(cycles_count, "how many erase cycles to do "
65 "(infinite by default)");
67 static struct mtd_info *mtd;
69 /* This buffer contains 0x555555...0xAAAAAA... pattern */
70 static unsigned char *patt_5A5;
71 /* This buffer contains 0xAAAAAA...0x555555... pattern */
72 static unsigned char *patt_A5A;
73 /* This buffer contains all 0xFF bytes */
74 static unsigned char *patt_FF;
75 /* This a temporary buffer is use when checking data */
76 static unsigned char *check_buf;
77 /* How many erase cycles were done */
78 static unsigned int erase_cycles;
81 static struct timeval start, finish;
83 static void report_corrupt(unsigned char *read, unsigned char *written);
85 static inline void start_timing(void)
87 do_gettimeofday(&start);
90 static inline void stop_timing(void)
92 do_gettimeofday(&finish);
96 * Erase eraseblock number @ebnum.
98 static inline int erase_eraseblock(int ebnum)
101 struct erase_info ei;
102 loff_t addr = ebnum * mtd->erasesize;
104 memset(&ei, 0, sizeof(struct erase_info));
107 ei.len = mtd->erasesize;
109 err = mtd_erase(mtd, &ei);
111 pr_err("error %d while erasing EB %d\n", err, ebnum);
115 if (ei.state == MTD_ERASE_FAILED) {
116 pr_err("some erase error occurred at EB %d\n",
125 * Check that the contents of eraseblock number @enbum is equivalent to the
128 static inline int check_eraseblock(int ebnum, unsigned char *buf)
130 int err, retries = 0;
132 loff_t addr = ebnum * mtd->erasesize;
133 size_t len = mtd->erasesize;
136 addr = (ebnum + 1) * mtd->erasesize - pgcnt * pgsize;
137 len = pgcnt * pgsize;
141 err = mtd_read(mtd, addr, len, &read, check_buf);
142 if (mtd_is_bitflip(err))
143 pr_err("single bit flip occurred at EB %d "
144 "MTD reported that it was fixed.\n", ebnum);
146 pr_err("error %d while reading EB %d, "
147 "read %zd\n", err, ebnum, read);
152 pr_err("failed to read %zd bytes from EB %d, "
153 "read only %zd, but no error reported\n",
158 if (memcmp(buf, check_buf, len)) {
159 pr_err("read wrong data from EB %d\n", ebnum);
160 report_corrupt(check_buf, buf);
162 if (retries++ < RETRIES) {
165 pr_info("re-try reading data from EB %d\n",
169 pr_info("retried %d times, still errors, "
170 "give-up\n", RETRIES);
176 pr_info("only attempt number %d was OK (!!!)\n",
182 static inline int write_pattern(int ebnum, void *buf)
186 loff_t addr = ebnum * mtd->erasesize;
187 size_t len = mtd->erasesize;
190 addr = (ebnum + 1) * mtd->erasesize - pgcnt * pgsize;
191 len = pgcnt * pgsize;
193 err = mtd_write(mtd, addr, len, &written, buf);
195 pr_err("error %d while writing EB %d, written %zd"
196 " bytes\n", err, ebnum, written);
199 if (written != len) {
200 pr_info("written only %zd bytes of %zd, but no error"
201 " reported\n", written, len);
208 static int __init tort_init(void)
210 int err = 0, i, infinite = !cycles_count;
213 printk(KERN_INFO "\n");
214 printk(KERN_INFO "=================================================\n");
215 pr_info("Warning: this program is trying to wear out your "
216 "flash, stop it if this is not wanted.\n");
219 pr_info("Please specify a valid mtd-device via module parameter\n");
220 pr_crit("CAREFUL: This test wipes all data on the specified MTD device!\n");
224 pr_info("MTD device: %d\n", dev);
225 pr_info("torture %d eraseblocks (%d-%d) of mtd%d\n",
226 ebcnt, eb, eb + ebcnt - 1, dev);
228 pr_info("torturing just %d pages per eraseblock\n",
230 pr_info("write verify %s\n", check ? "enabled" : "disabled");
232 mtd = get_mtd_device(NULL, dev);
235 pr_err("error: cannot get MTD device\n");
239 if (mtd->writesize == 1) {
240 pr_info("not NAND flash, assume page size is 512 "
244 pgsize = mtd->writesize;
246 if (pgcnt && (pgcnt > mtd->erasesize / pgsize || pgcnt < 0)) {
247 pr_err("error: invalid pgcnt value %d\n", pgcnt);
252 patt_5A5 = kmalloc(mtd->erasesize, GFP_KERNEL);
256 patt_A5A = kmalloc(mtd->erasesize, GFP_KERNEL);
260 patt_FF = kmalloc(mtd->erasesize, GFP_KERNEL);
264 check_buf = kmalloc(mtd->erasesize, GFP_KERNEL);
268 bad_ebs = kcalloc(ebcnt, sizeof(*bad_ebs), GFP_KERNEL);
274 /* Initialize patterns */
275 memset(patt_FF, 0xFF, mtd->erasesize);
276 for (i = 0; i < mtd->erasesize / pgsize; i++) {
278 memset(patt_5A5 + i * pgsize, 0x55, pgsize);
279 memset(patt_A5A + i * pgsize, 0xAA, pgsize);
281 memset(patt_5A5 + i * pgsize, 0xAA, pgsize);
282 memset(patt_A5A + i * pgsize, 0x55, pgsize);
287 * Check if there is a bad eraseblock among those we are going to test.
289 if (mtd_can_have_bb(mtd)) {
290 for (i = eb; i < eb + ebcnt; i++) {
291 err = mtd_block_isbad(mtd, (loff_t)i * mtd->erasesize);
294 pr_info("block_isbad() returned %d "
295 "for EB %d\n", err, i);
300 pr_err("EB %d is bad. Skip it.\n", i);
311 /* Erase all eraseblocks */
312 for (i = eb; i < eb + ebcnt; i++) {
315 err = erase_eraseblock(i);
321 /* Check if the eraseblocks contain only 0xFF bytes */
323 for (i = eb; i < eb + ebcnt; i++) {
326 err = check_eraseblock(i, patt_FF);
328 pr_info("verify failed"
329 " for 0xFF... pattern\n");
336 /* Write the pattern */
337 for (i = eb; i < eb + ebcnt; i++) {
340 if ((eb + erase_cycles) & 1)
344 err = write_pattern(i, patt);
350 /* Verify what we wrote */
352 for (i = eb; i < eb + ebcnt; i++) {
355 if ((eb + erase_cycles) & 1)
359 err = check_eraseblock(i, patt);
361 pr_info("verify failed for %s"
363 ((eb + erase_cycles) & 1) ?
364 "0x55AA55..." : "0xAA55AA...");
373 if (erase_cycles % gran == 0) {
377 ms = (finish.tv_sec - start.tv_sec) * 1000 +
378 (finish.tv_usec - start.tv_usec) / 1000;
379 pr_info("%08u erase cycles done, took %lu "
380 "milliseconds (%lu seconds)\n",
381 erase_cycles, ms, ms / 1000);
385 if (!infinite && --cycles_count == 0)
390 pr_info("finished after %u erase cycles\n",
404 pr_info("error %d occurred during torturing\n", err);
405 printk(KERN_INFO "=================================================\n");
408 module_init(tort_init);
410 static void __exit tort_exit(void)
414 module_exit(tort_exit);
416 static int countdiffs(unsigned char *buf, unsigned char *check_buf,
417 unsigned offset, unsigned len, unsigned *bytesp,
419 static void print_bufs(unsigned char *read, unsigned char *written, int start,
423 * Report the detailed information about how the read EB differs from what was
426 static void report_corrupt(unsigned char *read, unsigned char *written)
429 int bytes, bits, pages, first;
431 size_t check_len = mtd->erasesize;
434 check_len = pgcnt * pgsize;
436 bytes = bits = pages = 0;
437 for (i = 0; i < check_len; i += pgsize)
438 if (countdiffs(written, read, i, pgsize, &bytes,
442 pr_info("verify fails on %d pages, %d bytes/%d bits\n",
444 pr_info("The following is a list of all differences between"
445 " what was read from flash and what was expected\n");
447 for (i = 0; i < check_len; i += pgsize) {
450 first = countdiffs(written, read, i, pgsize, &bytes,
455 printk("-------------------------------------------------------"
456 "----------------------------------\n");
458 pr_info("Page %zd has %d bytes/%d bits failing verify,"
459 " starting at offset 0x%x\n",
460 (mtd->erasesize - check_len + i) / pgsize,
463 offset = first & ~0x7;
464 len = ((first + bytes) | 0x7) + 1 - offset;
466 print_bufs(read, written, offset, len);
470 static void print_bufs(unsigned char *read, unsigned char *written, int start,
476 printk("Offset Read Written\n");
478 printk("0x%08x: ", start + i);
480 for (j1 = 0; j1 < 8 && i + j1 < len; j1++) {
481 printk(" %02x", read[start + i + j1]);
482 if (read[start + i + j1] != written[start + i + j1])
491 printk(" %s ", diff);
493 for (j2 = 0; j2 < 8 && i + j2 < len; j2++)
494 printk(" %02x", written[start + i + j2]);
501 * Count the number of differing bytes and bits and return the first differing
504 static int countdiffs(unsigned char *buf, unsigned char *check_buf,
505 unsigned offset, unsigned len, unsigned *bytesp,
511 for (i = offset; i < offset + len; i++)
512 if (buf[i] != check_buf[i]) {
517 while (i < offset + len) {
518 if (buf[i] != check_buf[i]) {
522 if ((buf[i] & bit) != (check_buf[i] & bit))
533 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Eraseblock torturing module");
534 MODULE_AUTHOR("Artem Bityutskiy, Jarkko Lavinen, Adrian Hunter");
535 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");