2 * SPI master driver using generic bitbanged GPIO
4 * Copyright (C) 2006,2008 David Brownell
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
9 * (at your option) any later version.
11 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
18 * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
20 #include <linux/kernel.h>
21 #include <linux/module.h>
22 #include <linux/init.h>
23 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
24 #include <linux/gpio.h>
26 #include <linux/of_device.h>
27 #include <linux/of_gpio.h>
29 #include <linux/spi/spi.h>
30 #include <linux/spi/spi_bitbang.h>
31 #include <linux/spi/spi_gpio.h>
35 * This bitbanging SPI master driver should help make systems usable
36 * when a native hardware SPI engine is not available, perhaps because
37 * its driver isn't yet working or because the I/O pins it requires
38 * are used for other purposes.
40 * platform_device->driver_data ... points to spi_gpio
42 * spi->controller_state ... reserved for bitbang framework code
43 * spi->controller_data ... holds chipselect GPIO
45 * spi->master->dev.driver_data ... points to spi_gpio->bitbang
49 struct spi_bitbang bitbang;
50 struct spi_gpio_platform_data pdata;
51 struct platform_device *pdev;
55 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
58 * Because the overhead of going through four GPIO procedure calls
59 * per transferred bit can make performance a problem, this code
60 * is set up so that you can use it in either of two ways:
62 * - The slow generic way: set up platform_data to hold the GPIO
63 * numbers used for MISO/MOSI/SCK, and issue procedure calls for
64 * each of them. This driver can handle several such busses.
66 * - The quicker inlined way: only helps with platform GPIO code
67 * that inlines operations for constant GPIOs. This can give
68 * you tight (fast!) inner loops, but each such bus needs a
69 * new driver. You'll define a new C file, with Makefile and
70 * Kconfig support; the C code can be a total of six lines:
72 * #define DRIVER_NAME "myboard_spi2"
73 * #define SPI_MISO_GPIO 119
74 * #define SPI_MOSI_GPIO 120
75 * #define SPI_SCK_GPIO 121
76 * #define SPI_N_CHIPSEL 4
77 * #include "spi-gpio.c"
81 #define DRIVER_NAME "spi_gpio"
83 #define GENERIC_BITBANG /* vs tight inlines */
85 /* all functions referencing these symbols must define pdata */
86 #define SPI_MISO_GPIO ((pdata)->miso)
87 #define SPI_MOSI_GPIO ((pdata)->mosi)
88 #define SPI_SCK_GPIO ((pdata)->sck)
90 #define SPI_N_CHIPSEL ((pdata)->num_chipselect)
94 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
96 static inline struct spi_gpio * __pure
97 spi_to_spi_gpio(const struct spi_device *spi)
99 const struct spi_bitbang *bang;
100 struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio;
102 bang = spi_master_get_devdata(spi->master);
103 spi_gpio = container_of(bang, struct spi_gpio, bitbang);
107 static inline struct spi_gpio_platform_data * __pure
108 spi_to_pdata(const struct spi_device *spi)
110 return &spi_to_spi_gpio(spi)->pdata;
113 /* this is #defined to avoid unused-variable warnings when inlining */
114 #define pdata spi_to_pdata(spi)
116 static inline void setsck(const struct spi_device *spi, int is_on)
118 gpio_set_value(SPI_SCK_GPIO, is_on);
121 static inline void setmosi(const struct spi_device *spi, int is_on)
123 gpio_set_value(SPI_MOSI_GPIO, is_on);
126 static inline int getmiso(const struct spi_device *spi)
128 return !!gpio_get_value(SPI_MISO_GPIO);
134 * NOTE: this clocks "as fast as we can". It "should" be a function of the
135 * requested device clock. Software overhead means we usually have trouble
136 * reaching even one Mbit/sec (except when we can inline bitops), so for now
137 * we'll just assume we never need additional per-bit slowdowns.
139 #define spidelay(nsecs) do {} while (0)
141 #include "spi-bitbang-txrx.h"
144 * These functions can leverage inline expansion of GPIO calls to shrink
145 * costs for a txrx bit, often by factors of around ten (by instruction
146 * count). That is particularly visible for larger word sizes, but helps
147 * even with default 8-bit words.
149 * REVISIT overheads calling these functions for each word also have
150 * significant performance costs. Having txrx_bufs() calls that inline
151 * the txrx_word() logic would help performance, e.g. on larger blocks
152 * used with flash storage or MMC/SD. There should also be ways to make
153 * GCC be less stupid about reloading registers inside the I/O loops,
154 * even without inlined GPIO calls; __attribute__((hot)) on GCC 4.3?
157 static u32 spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode0(struct spi_device *spi,
158 unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits)
160 return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha0(spi, nsecs, 0, 0, word, bits);
163 static u32 spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode1(struct spi_device *spi,
164 unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits)
166 return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha1(spi, nsecs, 0, 0, word, bits);
169 static u32 spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode2(struct spi_device *spi,
170 unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits)
172 return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha0(spi, nsecs, 1, 0, word, bits);
175 static u32 spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode3(struct spi_device *spi,
176 unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits)
178 return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha1(spi, nsecs, 1, 0, word, bits);
182 * These functions do not call setmosi or getmiso if respective flag
183 * (SPI_MASTER_NO_RX or SPI_MASTER_NO_TX) is set, so they are safe to
184 * call when such pin is not present or defined in the controller.
185 * A separate set of callbacks is defined to get highest possible
186 * speed in the generic case (when both MISO and MOSI lines are
187 * available), as optimiser will remove the checks when argument is
191 static u32 spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode0(struct spi_device *spi,
192 unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits)
194 unsigned flags = spi->master->flags;
195 return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha0(spi, nsecs, 0, flags, word, bits);
198 static u32 spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode1(struct spi_device *spi,
199 unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits)
201 unsigned flags = spi->master->flags;
202 return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha1(spi, nsecs, 0, flags, word, bits);
205 static u32 spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode2(struct spi_device *spi,
206 unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits)
208 unsigned flags = spi->master->flags;
209 return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha0(spi, nsecs, 1, flags, word, bits);
212 static u32 spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode3(struct spi_device *spi,
213 unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits)
215 unsigned flags = spi->master->flags;
216 return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha1(spi, nsecs, 1, flags, word, bits);
219 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
221 static void spi_gpio_chipselect(struct spi_device *spi, int is_active)
223 struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio = spi_to_spi_gpio(spi);
224 unsigned int cs = spi_gpio->cs_gpios[spi->chip_select];
226 /* set initial clock polarity */
228 setsck(spi, spi->mode & SPI_CPOL);
230 if (cs != SPI_GPIO_NO_CHIPSELECT) {
231 /* SPI is normally active-low */
232 gpio_set_value(cs, (spi->mode & SPI_CS_HIGH) ? is_active : !is_active);
236 static int spi_gpio_setup(struct spi_device *spi)
240 struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio = spi_to_spi_gpio(spi);
241 struct device_node *np = spi->master->dev.of_node;
245 * In DT environments, the CS GPIOs have already been
246 * initialized from the "cs-gpios" property of the node.
248 cs = spi_gpio->cs_gpios[spi->chip_select];
251 * ... otherwise, take it from spi->controller_data
253 cs = (unsigned int) spi->controller_data;
256 if (!spi->controller_state) {
257 if (cs != SPI_GPIO_NO_CHIPSELECT) {
258 status = gpio_request(cs, dev_name(&spi->dev));
261 status = gpio_direction_output(cs,
262 !(spi->mode & SPI_CS_HIGH));
266 /* in case it was initialized from static board data */
267 spi_gpio->cs_gpios[spi->chip_select] = cs;
268 status = spi_bitbang_setup(spi);
272 if (!spi->controller_state && cs != SPI_GPIO_NO_CHIPSELECT)
278 static void spi_gpio_cleanup(struct spi_device *spi)
280 struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio = spi_to_spi_gpio(spi);
281 unsigned int cs = spi_gpio->cs_gpios[spi->chip_select];
283 if (cs != SPI_GPIO_NO_CHIPSELECT)
285 spi_bitbang_cleanup(spi);
288 static int spi_gpio_alloc(unsigned pin, const char *label, bool is_in)
292 value = gpio_request(pin, label);
295 value = gpio_direction_input(pin);
297 value = gpio_direction_output(pin, 0);
302 static int spi_gpio_request(struct spi_gpio_platform_data *pdata,
303 const char *label, u16 *res_flags)
307 /* NOTE: SPI_*_GPIO symbols may reference "pdata" */
309 if (SPI_MOSI_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MOSI) {
310 value = spi_gpio_alloc(SPI_MOSI_GPIO, label, false);
314 /* HW configuration without MOSI pin */
315 *res_flags |= SPI_MASTER_NO_TX;
318 if (SPI_MISO_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MISO) {
319 value = spi_gpio_alloc(SPI_MISO_GPIO, label, true);
323 /* HW configuration without MISO pin */
324 *res_flags |= SPI_MASTER_NO_RX;
327 value = spi_gpio_alloc(SPI_SCK_GPIO, label, false);
334 if (SPI_MISO_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MISO)
335 gpio_free(SPI_MISO_GPIO);
337 if (SPI_MOSI_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MOSI)
338 gpio_free(SPI_MOSI_GPIO);
344 static struct of_device_id spi_gpio_dt_ids[] = {
345 { .compatible = "spi-gpio" },
348 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, spi_gpio_dt_ids);
350 static int spi_gpio_probe_dt(struct platform_device *pdev)
354 struct spi_gpio_platform_data *pdata;
355 struct device_node *np = pdev->dev.of_node;
356 const struct of_device_id *of_id =
357 of_match_device(spi_gpio_dt_ids, &pdev->dev);
362 pdata = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*pdata), GFP_KERNEL);
366 ret = of_get_named_gpio(np, "gpio-sck", 0);
368 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "gpio-sck property not found\n");
373 ret = of_get_named_gpio(np, "gpio-miso", 0);
375 dev_info(&pdev->dev, "gpio-miso property not found, switching to no-rx mode\n");
376 pdata->miso = SPI_GPIO_NO_MISO;
380 ret = of_get_named_gpio(np, "gpio-mosi", 0);
382 dev_info(&pdev->dev, "gpio-mosi property not found, switching to no-tx mode\n");
383 pdata->mosi = SPI_GPIO_NO_MOSI;
387 ret = of_property_read_u32(np, "num-chipselects", &tmp);
389 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "num-chipselects property not found\n");
393 pdata->num_chipselect = tmp;
394 pdev->dev.platform_data = pdata;
399 devm_kfree(&pdev->dev, pdata);
403 static inline int spi_gpio_probe_dt(struct platform_device *pdev)
409 static int spi_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
412 struct spi_master *master;
413 struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio;
414 struct spi_gpio_platform_data *pdata;
415 u16 master_flags = 0;
418 status = spi_gpio_probe_dt(pdev);
424 pdata = dev_get_platdata(&pdev->dev);
425 #ifdef GENERIC_BITBANG
426 if (!pdata || !pdata->num_chipselect)
430 status = spi_gpio_request(pdata, dev_name(&pdev->dev), &master_flags);
434 master = spi_alloc_master(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*spi_gpio) +
435 (sizeof(int) * SPI_N_CHIPSEL));
440 spi_gpio = spi_master_get_devdata(master);
441 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, spi_gpio);
443 spi_gpio->pdev = pdev;
445 spi_gpio->pdata = *pdata;
447 master->bits_per_word_mask = SPI_BPW_RANGE_MASK(1, 32);
448 master->flags = master_flags;
449 master->bus_num = pdev->id;
450 master->num_chipselect = SPI_N_CHIPSEL;
451 master->setup = spi_gpio_setup;
452 master->cleanup = spi_gpio_cleanup;
454 master->dev.of_node = pdev->dev.of_node;
458 struct device_node *np = pdev->dev.of_node;
461 * In DT environments, take the CS GPIO from the "cs-gpios"
462 * property of the node.
465 for (i = 0; i < SPI_N_CHIPSEL; i++)
466 spi_gpio->cs_gpios[i] =
467 of_get_named_gpio(np, "cs-gpios", i);
471 spi_gpio->bitbang.master = master;
472 spi_gpio->bitbang.chipselect = spi_gpio_chipselect;
474 if ((master_flags & (SPI_MASTER_NO_TX | SPI_MASTER_NO_RX)) == 0) {
475 spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_0] = spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode0;
476 spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_1] = spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode1;
477 spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_2] = spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode2;
478 spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_3] = spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode3;
480 spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_0] = spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode0;
481 spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_1] = spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode1;
482 spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_2] = spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode2;
483 spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_3] = spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode3;
485 spi_gpio->bitbang.setup_transfer = spi_bitbang_setup_transfer;
486 spi_gpio->bitbang.flags = SPI_CS_HIGH;
488 status = spi_bitbang_start(&spi_gpio->bitbang);
491 if (SPI_MISO_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MISO)
492 gpio_free(SPI_MISO_GPIO);
493 if (SPI_MOSI_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MOSI)
494 gpio_free(SPI_MOSI_GPIO);
495 gpio_free(SPI_SCK_GPIO);
496 spi_master_put(master);
502 static int spi_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
504 struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio;
505 struct spi_gpio_platform_data *pdata;
508 spi_gpio = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
509 pdata = dev_get_platdata(&pdev->dev);
511 /* stop() unregisters child devices too */
512 status = spi_bitbang_stop(&spi_gpio->bitbang);
514 if (SPI_MISO_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MISO)
515 gpio_free(SPI_MISO_GPIO);
516 if (SPI_MOSI_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MOSI)
517 gpio_free(SPI_MOSI_GPIO);
518 gpio_free(SPI_SCK_GPIO);
519 spi_master_put(spi_gpio->bitbang.master);
524 MODULE_ALIAS("platform:" DRIVER_NAME);
526 static struct platform_driver spi_gpio_driver = {
529 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
530 .of_match_table = of_match_ptr(spi_gpio_dt_ids),
532 .probe = spi_gpio_probe,
533 .remove = spi_gpio_remove,
535 module_platform_driver(spi_gpio_driver);
537 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("SPI master driver using generic bitbanged GPIO ");
538 MODULE_AUTHOR("David Brownell");
539 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");