drivers/xen/balloon.c

   1 /******************************************************************************
   2  * balloon.c
   3  *
   4  * Xen balloon driver - enables returning/claiming memory to/from Xen.
   5  *
   6  * Copyright (c) 2003, B Dragovic
   7  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004, M Williamson, K Fraser
   8  * Copyright (c) 2005 Dan M. Smith, IBM Corporation
   9  *
  10  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  11  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
  12  * as published by the Free Software Foundation; or, when distributed
  13  * separately from the Linux kernel or incorporated into other
  14  * software packages, subject to the following license:
  15  *
  16  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  17  * of this source file (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
  18  * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
  19  * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
  20  * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
  21  * the following conditions:
  22  *
  23  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  24  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  25  *
  26  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  27  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  28  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  29  * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  30  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
  31  * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
  32  * IN THE SOFTWARE.
  33  */
  34
  35 #include <linux/kernel.h>
  36 #include <linux/module.h>
  37 #include <linux/sched.h>
  38 #include <linux/errno.h>
  39 #include <linux/mm.h>
  40 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
  41 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
  42 #include <linux/highmem.h>
  43 #include <linux/mutex.h>
  44 #include <linux/list.h>
  45 #include <linux/sysdev.h>
  46 #include <linux/gfp.h>
  47
  48 #include <asm/page.h>
  49 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
  50 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
  51 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
  52 #include <asm/tlb.h>
  53
  54 #include <asm/xen/hypervisor.h>
  55 #include <asm/xen/hypercall.h>
  56
  57 #include <xen/xen.h>
  58 #include <xen/interface/xen.h>
  59 #include <xen/interface/memory.h>
  60 #include <xen/xenbus.h>
  61 #include <xen/features.h>
  62 #include <xen/page.h>
  63
  64 #define PAGES2KB(_p) ((_p)<<(PAGE_SHIFT-10))
  65
  66 #define BALLOON_CLASS_NAME "xen_memory"
  67
  68 struct balloon_stats {
  69         /* We aim for 'current allocation' == 'target allocation'. */
  70         unsigned long current_pages;
  71         unsigned long target_pages;
  72         /*
  73          * Drivers may alter the memory reservation independently, but they
  74          * must inform the balloon driver so we avoid hitting the hard limit.
  75          */
  76         unsigned long driver_pages;
  77         /* Number of pages in high- and low-memory balloons. */
  78         unsigned long balloon_low;
  79         unsigned long balloon_high;
  80 };
  81
  82 static DEFINE_MUTEX(balloon_mutex);
  83
  84 static struct sys_device balloon_sysdev;
  85
  86 static int register_balloon(struct sys_device *sysdev);
  87
  88 static struct balloon_stats balloon_stats;
  89
  90 /* We increase/decrease in batches which fit in a page */
  91 static unsigned long frame_list[PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(unsigned long)];
  92
  93 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
  94 #define inc_totalhigh_pages() (totalhigh_pages++)
  95 #define dec_totalhigh_pages() (totalhigh_pages--)
  96 #else
  97 #define inc_totalhigh_pages() do {} while(0)
  98 #define dec_totalhigh_pages() do {} while(0)
  99 #endif
 100
 101 /* List of ballooned pages, threaded through the mem_map array. */
 102 static LIST_HEAD(ballooned_pages);
 103
 104 /* Main work function, always executed in process context. */
 105 static void balloon_process(struct work_struct *work);
 106 static DECLARE_WORK(balloon_worker, balloon_process);
 107 static struct timer_list balloon_timer;
 108
 109 /* When ballooning out (allocating memory to return to Xen) we don't really
 110    want the kernel to try too hard since that can trigger the oom killer. */
 111 #define GFP_BALLOON \
 112         (GFP_HIGHUSER | __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC)
 113
 114 static void scrub_page(struct page *page)
 115 {
 116 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_SCRUB_PAGES
 117         clear_highpage(page);
 118 #endif
 119 }
 120
 121 /* balloon_append: add the given page to the balloon. */
 122 static void __balloon_append(struct page *page)
 123 {
 124         /* Lowmem is re-populated first, so highmem pages go at list tail. */
 125         if (PageHighMem(page)) {
 126                 list_add_tail(&page->lru, &ballooned_pages);
 127                 balloon_stats.balloon_high++;
 128                 dec_totalhigh_pages();
 129         } else {
 130                 list_add(&page->lru, &ballooned_pages);
 131                 balloon_stats.balloon_low++;
 132         }
 133 }
 134
 135 static void balloon_append(struct page *page)
 136 {
 137         __balloon_append(page);
 138         totalram_pages--;
 139 }
 140
 141 /* balloon_retrieve: rescue a page from the balloon, if it is not empty. */
 142 static struct page *balloon_retrieve(void)
 143 {
 144         struct page *page;
 145
 146         if (list_empty(&ballooned_pages))
 147                 return NULL;
 148
 149         page = list_entry(ballooned_pages.next, struct page, lru);
 150         list_del(&page->lru);
 151
 152         if (PageHighMem(page)) {
 153                 balloon_stats.balloon_high--;
 154                 inc_totalhigh_pages();
 155         }
 156         else
 157                 balloon_stats.balloon_low--;
 158
 159         totalram_pages++;
 160
 161         return page;
 162 }
 163
 164 static struct page *balloon_first_page(void)
 165 {
 166         if (list_empty(&ballooned_pages))
 167                 return NULL;
 168         return list_entry(ballooned_pages.next, struct page, lru);
 169 }
 170
 171 static struct page *balloon_next_page(struct page *page)
 172 {
 173         struct list_head *next = page->lru.next;
 174         if (next == &ballooned_pages)
 175                 return NULL;
 176         return list_entry(next, struct page, lru);
 177 }
 178
 179 static void balloon_alarm(unsigned long unused)
 180 {
 181         schedule_work(&balloon_worker);
 182 }
 183
 184 static unsigned long current_target(void)
 185 {
 186         unsigned long target = balloon_stats.target_pages;
 187
 188         target = min(target,
 189                      balloon_stats.current_pages +
 190                      balloon_stats.balloon_low +
 191                      balloon_stats.balloon_high);
 192
 193         return target;
 194 }
 195
 196 static int increase_reservation(unsigned long nr_pages)
 197 {
 198         unsigned long  pfn, i;
 199         struct page   *page;
 200         long           rc;
 201         struct xen_memory_reservation reservation = {
 202                 .address_bits = 0,
 203                 .extent_order = 0,
 204                 .domid        = DOMID_SELF
 205         };
 206
 207         if (nr_pages > ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list))
 208                 nr_pages = ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list);
 209
 210         page = balloon_first_page();
 211         for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
 212                 BUG_ON(page == NULL);
 213                 frame_list[i] = page_to_pfn(page);
 214                 page = balloon_next_page(page);
 215         }
 216
 217         set_xen_guest_handle(reservation.extent_start, frame_list);
 218         reservation.nr_extents = nr_pages;
 219         rc = HYPERVISOR_memory_op(XENMEM_populate_physmap, &reservation);
 220         if (rc < 0)
 221                 goto out;
 222
 223         for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) {
 224                 page = balloon_retrieve();
 225                 BUG_ON(page == NULL);
 226
 227                 pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
 228                 BUG_ON(!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap) &&
 229                        phys_to_machine_mapping_valid(pfn));
 230
 231                 set_phys_to_machine(pfn, frame_list[i]);
 232
 233                 /* Link back into the page tables if not highmem. */
 234                 if (pfn < max_low_pfn) {
 235                         int ret;
 236                         ret = HYPERVISOR_update_va_mapping(
 237                                 (unsigned long)__va(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT),
 238                                 mfn_pte(frame_list[i], PAGE_KERNEL),
 239                                 0);
 240                         BUG_ON(ret);
 241                 }
 242
 243                 /* Relinquish the page back to the allocator. */
 244                 ClearPageReserved(page);
 245                 init_page_count(page);
 246                 __free_page(page);
 247         }
 248
 249         balloon_stats.current_pages += rc;
 250
 251  out:
 252         return rc < 0 ? rc : rc != nr_pages;
 253 }
 254
 255 static int decrease_reservation(unsigned long nr_pages)
 256 {
 257         unsigned long  pfn, i;
 258         struct page   *page;
 259         int            need_sleep = 0;
 260         int ret;
 261         struct xen_memory_reservation reservation = {
 262                 .address_bits = 0,
 263                 .extent_order = 0,
 264                 .domid        = DOMID_SELF
 265         };
 266
 267         if (nr_pages > ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list))
 268                 nr_pages = ARRAY_SIZE(frame_list);
 269
 270         for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
 271                 if ((page = alloc_page(GFP_BALLOON)) == NULL) {
 272                         nr_pages = i;
 273                         need_sleep = 1;
 274                         break;
 275                 }
 276
 277                 pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
 278                 frame_list[i] = pfn_to_mfn(pfn);
 279
 280                 scrub_page(page);
 281
 282                 if (!PageHighMem(page)) {
 283                         ret = HYPERVISOR_update_va_mapping(
 284                                 (unsigned long)__va(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT),
 285                                 __pte_ma(0), 0);
 286                         BUG_ON(ret);
 287                 }
 288
 289         }
 290
 291         /* Ensure that ballooned highmem pages don't have kmaps. */
 292         kmap_flush_unused();
 293         flush_tlb_all();
 294
 295         /* No more mappings: invalidate P2M and add to balloon. */
 296         for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
 297                 pfn = mfn_to_pfn(frame_list[i]);
 298                 set_phys_to_machine(pfn, INVALID_P2M_ENTRY);
 299                 balloon_append(pfn_to_page(pfn));
 300         }
 301
 302         set_xen_guest_handle(reservation.extent_start, frame_list);
 303         reservation.nr_extents   = nr_pages;
 304         ret = HYPERVISOR_memory_op(XENMEM_decrease_reservation, &reservation);
 305         BUG_ON(ret != nr_pages);
 306
 307         balloon_stats.current_pages -= nr_pages;
 308
 309         return need_sleep;
 310 }
 311
 312 /*
 313  * We avoid multiple worker processes conflicting via the balloon mutex.
 314  * We may of course race updates of the target counts (which are protected
 315  * by the balloon lock), or with changes to the Xen hard limit, but we will
 316  * recover from these in time.
 317  */
 318 static void balloon_process(struct work_struct *work)
 319 {
 320         int need_sleep = 0;
 321         long credit;
 322
 323         mutex_lock(&balloon_mutex);
 324
 325         do {
 326                 credit = current_target() - balloon_stats.current_pages;
 327                 if (credit > 0)
 328                         need_sleep = (increase_reservation(credit) != 0);
 329                 if (credit < 0)
 330                         need_sleep = (decrease_reservation(-credit) != 0);
 331
 332 #ifndef CONFIG_PREEMPT
 333                 if (need_resched())
 334                         schedule();
 335 #endif
 336         } while ((credit != 0) && !need_sleep);
 337
 338         /* Schedule more work if there is some still to be done. */
 339         if (current_target() != balloon_stats.current_pages)
 340                 mod_timer(&balloon_timer, jiffies + HZ);
 341
 342         mutex_unlock(&balloon_mutex);
 343 }
 344
 345 /* Resets the Xen limit, sets new target, and kicks off processing. */
 346 static void balloon_set_new_target(unsigned long target)
 347 {
 348         /* No need for lock. Not read-modify-write updates. */
 349         balloon_stats.target_pages = target;
 350         schedule_work(&balloon_worker);
 351 }
 352
 353 static struct xenbus_watch target_watch =
 354 {
 355         .node = "memory/target"
 356 };
 357
 358 /* React to a change in the target key */
 359 static void watch_target(struct xenbus_watch *watch,
 360                          const char **vec, unsigned int len)
 361 {
 362         unsigned long long new_target;
 363         int err;
 364
 365         err = xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, "memory", "target", "%llu", &new_target);
 366         if (err != 1) {
 367                 /* This is ok (for domain0 at least) - so just return */
 368                 return;
 369         }
 370
 371         /* The given memory/target value is in KiB, so it needs converting to
 372          * pages. PAGE_SHIFT converts bytes to pages, hence PAGE_SHIFT - 10.
 373          */
 374         balloon_set_new_target(new_target >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
 375 }
 376
 377 static int balloon_init_watcher(struct notifier_block *notifier,
 378                                 unsigned long event,
 379                                 void *data)
 380 {
 381         int err;
 382
 383         err = register_xenbus_watch(&target_watch);
 384         if (err)
 385                 printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to set balloon watcher\n");
 386
 387         return NOTIFY_DONE;
 388 }
 389
 390 static struct notifier_block xenstore_notifier;
 391
 392 static int __init balloon_init(void)
 393 {
 394         unsigned long pfn;
 395         struct page *page;
 396
 397         if (!xen_pv_domain())
 398                 return -ENODEV;
 399
 400         pr_info("xen_balloon: Initialising balloon driver.\n");
 401
 402         balloon_stats.current_pages = min(xen_start_info->nr_pages, max_pfn);
 403         balloon_stats.target_pages  = balloon_stats.current_pages;
 404         balloon_stats.balloon_low   = 0;
 405         balloon_stats.balloon_high  = 0;
 406         balloon_stats.driver_pages  = 0UL;
 407
 408         init_timer(&balloon_timer);
 409         balloon_timer.data = 0;
 410         balloon_timer.function = balloon_alarm;
 411
 412         register_balloon(&balloon_sysdev);
 413
 414         /* Initialise the balloon with excess memory space. */
 415         for (pfn = PFN_UP(xen_extra_mem_start);
 416              pfn < PFN_DOWN(xen_extra_mem_start + xen_extra_mem_size);
 417              pfn++) {
 418                 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
 419                 /* totalram_pages doesn't include the boot-time
 420                    balloon extension, so don't subtract from it. */
 421                 __balloon_append(page);
 422         }
 423
 424         target_watch.callback = watch_target;
 425         xenstore_notifier.notifier_call = balloon_init_watcher;
 426
 427         register_xenstore_notifier(&xenstore_notifier);
 428
 429         return 0;
 430 }
 431
 432 subsys_initcall(balloon_init);
 433
 434 static void balloon_exit(void)
 435 {
 436     /* XXX - release balloon here */
 437     return;
 438 }
 439
 440 module_exit(balloon_exit);
 441
 442 #define BALLOON_SHOW(name, format, args...)                             \
 443         static ssize_t show_##name(struct sys_device *dev,              \
 444                                    struct sysdev_attribute *attr,       \
 445                                    char *buf)                           \
 446         {                                                               \
 447                 return sprintf(buf, format, ##args);                    \
 448         }                                                               \
 449         static SYSDEV_ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, show_##name, NULL)
 450
 451 BALLOON_SHOW(current_kb, "%lu\n", PAGES2KB(balloon_stats.current_pages));
 452 BALLOON_SHOW(low_kb, "%lu\n", PAGES2KB(balloon_stats.balloon_low));
 453 BALLOON_SHOW(high_kb, "%lu\n", PAGES2KB(balloon_stats.balloon_high));
 454 BALLOON_SHOW(driver_kb, "%lu\n", PAGES2KB(balloon_stats.driver_pages));
 455
 456 static ssize_t show_target_kb(struct sys_device *dev, struct sysdev_attribute *attr,
 457                               char *buf)
 458 {
 459         return sprintf(buf, "%lu\n", PAGES2KB(balloon_stats.target_pages));
 460 }
 461
 462 static ssize_t store_target_kb(struct sys_device *dev,
 463                                struct sysdev_attribute *attr,
 464                                const char *buf,
 465                                size_t count)
 466 {
 467         char *endchar;
 468         unsigned long long target_bytes;
 469
 470         if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
 471                 return -EPERM;
 472
 473         target_bytes = simple_strtoull(buf, &endchar, 0) * 1024;
 474
 475         balloon_set_new_target(target_bytes >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 476
 477         return count;
 478 }
 479
 480 static SYSDEV_ATTR(target_kb, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
 481                    show_target_kb, store_target_kb);
 482
 483
 484 static ssize_t show_target(struct sys_device *dev, struct sysdev_attribute *attr,
 485                               char *buf)
 486 {
 487         return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n",
 488                        (unsigned long long)balloon_stats.target_pages
 489                        << PAGE_SHIFT);
 490 }
 491
 492 static ssize_t store_target(struct sys_device *dev,
 493                             struct sysdev_attribute *attr,
 494                             const char *buf,
 495                             size_t count)
 496 {
 497         char *endchar;
 498         unsigned long long target_bytes;
 499
 500         if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
 501                 return -EPERM;
 502
 503         target_bytes = memparse(buf, &endchar);
 504
 505         balloon_set_new_target(target_bytes >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 506
 507         return count;
 508 }
 509
 510 static SYSDEV_ATTR(target, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
 511                    show_target, store_target);
 512
 513
 514 static struct sysdev_attribute *balloon_attrs[] = {
 515         &attr_target_kb,
 516         &attr_target,
 517 };
 518
 519 static struct attribute *balloon_info_attrs[] = {
 520         &attr_current_kb.attr,
 521         &attr_low_kb.attr,
 522         &attr_high_kb.attr,
 523         &attr_driver_kb.attr,
 524         NULL
 525 };
 526
 527 static struct attribute_group balloon_info_group = {
 528         .name = "info",
 529         .attrs = balloon_info_attrs,
 530 };
 531
 532 static struct sysdev_class balloon_sysdev_class = {
 533         .name = BALLOON_CLASS_NAME,
 534 };
 535
 536 static int register_balloon(struct sys_device *sysdev)
 537 {
 538         int i, error;
 539
 540         error = sysdev_class_register(&balloon_sysdev_class);
 541         if (error)
 542                 return error;
 543
 544         sysdev->id = 0;
 545         sysdev->cls = &balloon_sysdev_class;
 546
 547         error = sysdev_register(sysdev);
 548         if (error) {
 549                 sysdev_class_unregister(&balloon_sysdev_class);
 550                 return error;
 551         }
 552
 553         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(balloon_attrs); i++) {
 554                 error = sysdev_create_file(sysdev, balloon_attrs[i]);
 555                 if (error)
 556                         goto fail;
 557         }
 558
 559         error = sysfs_create_group(&sysdev->kobj, &balloon_info_group);
 560         if (error)
 561                 goto fail;
 562
 563         return 0;
 564
 565  fail:
 566         while (--i >= 0)
 567                 sysdev_remove_file(sysdev, balloon_attrs[i]);
 568         sysdev_unregister(sysdev);
 569         sysdev_class_unregister(&balloon_sysdev_class);
 570         return error;
 571 }
 572
 573 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");