2 * CUSE: Character device in Userspace
4 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 SUSE Linux Products GmbH
5 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
7 * This file is released under the GPLv2.
9 * CUSE enables character devices to be implemented from userland much
10 * like FUSE allows filesystems. On initialization /dev/cuse is
11 * created. By opening the file and replying to the CUSE_INIT request
12 * userland CUSE server can create a character device. After that the
13 * operation is very similar to FUSE.
15 * A CUSE instance involves the following objects.
17 * cuse_conn : contains fuse_conn and serves as bonding structure
18 * channel : file handle connected to the userland CUSE server
19 * cdev : the implemented character device
20 * dev : generic device for cdev
22 * Note that 'channel' is what 'dev' is in FUSE. As CUSE deals with
23 * devices, it's called 'channel' to reduce confusion.
25 * channel determines when the character device dies. When channel is
26 * closed, everything begins to destruct. The cuse_conn is taken off
27 * the lookup table preventing further access from cdev, cdev and
28 * generic device are removed and the base reference of cuse_conn is
31 * On each open, the matching cuse_conn is looked up and if found an
32 * additional reference is taken which is released when the file is
36 #include <linux/fuse.h>
37 #include <linux/cdev.h>
38 #include <linux/device.h>
39 #include <linux/file.h>
41 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
42 #include <linux/kthread.h>
43 #include <linux/list.h>
44 #include <linux/magic.h>
45 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
46 #include <linux/mutex.h>
47 #include <linux/slab.h>
48 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
49 #include <linux/stat.h>
53 #define CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN 64
56 struct list_head list; /* linked on cuse_conntbl */
57 struct fuse_conn fc; /* fuse connection */
58 struct cdev *cdev; /* associated character device */
59 struct device *dev; /* device representing @cdev */
61 /* init parameters, set once during initialization */
62 bool unrestricted_ioctl;
65 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cuse_lock); /* protects cuse_conntbl */
66 static struct list_head cuse_conntbl[CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN];
67 static struct class *cuse_class;
69 static struct cuse_conn *fc_to_cc(struct fuse_conn *fc)
71 return container_of(fc, struct cuse_conn, fc);
74 static struct list_head *cuse_conntbl_head(dev_t devt)
76 return &cuse_conntbl[(MAJOR(devt) + MINOR(devt)) % CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN];
80 /**************************************************************************
81 * CUSE frontend operations
83 * These are file operations for the character device.
85 * On open, CUSE opens a file from the FUSE mnt and stores it to
86 * private_data of the open file. All other ops call FUSE ops on the
90 static ssize_t cuse_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
95 return fuse_direct_io(file, buf, count, &pos, 0);
98 static ssize_t cuse_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
99 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
103 * No locking or generic_write_checks(), the server is
104 * responsible for locking and sanity checks.
106 return fuse_direct_io(file, buf, count, &pos, 1);
109 static int cuse_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
111 dev_t devt = inode->i_cdev->dev;
112 struct cuse_conn *cc = NULL, *pos;
115 /* look up and get the connection */
116 spin_lock(&cuse_lock);
117 list_for_each_entry(pos, cuse_conntbl_head(devt), list)
118 if (pos->dev->devt == devt) {
119 fuse_conn_get(&pos->fc);
123 spin_unlock(&cuse_lock);
130 * Generic permission check is already done against the chrdev
131 * file, proceed to open.
133 rc = fuse_do_open(&cc->fc, 0, file, 0);
135 fuse_conn_put(&cc->fc);
139 static int cuse_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
141 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
142 struct fuse_conn *fc = ff->fc;
144 fuse_sync_release(ff, file->f_flags);
150 static long cuse_file_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
153 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
154 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(ff->fc);
155 unsigned int flags = 0;
157 if (cc->unrestricted_ioctl)
158 flags |= FUSE_IOCTL_UNRESTRICTED;
160 return fuse_do_ioctl(file, cmd, arg, flags);
163 static long cuse_file_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
166 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
167 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(ff->fc);
168 unsigned int flags = FUSE_IOCTL_COMPAT;
170 if (cc->unrestricted_ioctl)
171 flags |= FUSE_IOCTL_UNRESTRICTED;
173 return fuse_do_ioctl(file, cmd, arg, flags);
176 static const struct file_operations cuse_frontend_fops = {
177 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
181 .release = cuse_release,
182 .unlocked_ioctl = cuse_file_ioctl,
183 .compat_ioctl = cuse_file_compat_ioctl,
184 .poll = fuse_file_poll,
185 .llseek = noop_llseek,
189 /**************************************************************************
190 * CUSE channel initialization and destruction
193 struct cuse_devinfo {
198 * cuse_parse_one - parse one key=value pair
199 * @pp: i/o parameter for the current position
200 * @end: points to one past the end of the packed string
201 * @keyp: out parameter for key
202 * @valp: out parameter for value
204 * *@pp points to packed strings - "key0=val0\0key1=val1\0" which ends
205 * at @end - 1. This function parses one pair and set *@keyp to the
206 * start of the key and *@valp to the start of the value. Note that
207 * the original string is modified such that the key string is
208 * terminated with '\0'. *@pp is updated to point to the next string.
211 * 1 on successful parse, 0 on EOF, -errno on failure.
213 static int cuse_parse_one(char **pp, char *end, char **keyp, char **valp)
218 while (p < end && *p == '\0')
223 if (end[-1] != '\0') {
224 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: info not properly terminated\n");
234 val = key + strlen(key);
241 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: zero length info key specified\n");
254 * cuse_parse_dev_info - parse device info
255 * @p: device info string
256 * @len: length of device info string
257 * @devinfo: out parameter for parsed device info
259 * Parse @p to extract device info and store it into @devinfo. String
260 * pointed to by @p is modified by parsing and @devinfo points into
261 * them, so @p shouldn't be freed while @devinfo is in use.
264 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
266 static int cuse_parse_devinfo(char *p, size_t len, struct cuse_devinfo *devinfo)
273 rc = cuse_parse_one(&p, end, &key, &val);
278 if (strcmp(key, "DEVNAME") == 0)
281 printk(KERN_WARNING "CUSE: unknown device info \"%s\"\n",
285 if (!devinfo->name || !strlen(devinfo->name)) {
286 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: DEVNAME unspecified\n");
293 static void cuse_gendev_release(struct device *dev)
299 * cuse_process_init_reply - finish initializing CUSE channel
301 * This function creates the character device and sets up all the
302 * required data structures for it. Please read the comment at the
303 * top of this file for high level overview.
305 static void cuse_process_init_reply(struct fuse_conn *fc, struct fuse_req *req)
307 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(fc);
308 struct cuse_init_out *arg = &req->misc.cuse_init_out;
309 struct page *page = req->pages[0];
310 struct cuse_devinfo devinfo = { };
316 if (req->out.h.error ||
317 arg->major != FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION || arg->minor < 11) {
321 fc->minor = arg->minor;
322 fc->max_read = max_t(unsigned, arg->max_read, 4096);
323 fc->max_write = max_t(unsigned, arg->max_write, 4096);
325 /* parse init reply */
326 cc->unrestricted_ioctl = arg->flags & CUSE_UNRESTRICTED_IOCTL;
328 rc = cuse_parse_devinfo(page_address(page), req->out.args[1].size,
333 /* determine and reserve devt */
334 devt = MKDEV(arg->dev_major, arg->dev_minor);
336 rc = alloc_chrdev_region(&devt, MINOR(devt), 1, devinfo.name);
338 rc = register_chrdev_region(devt, 1, devinfo.name);
340 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: failed to register chrdev region\n");
344 /* devt determined, create device */
346 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
350 device_initialize(dev);
351 dev_set_uevent_suppress(dev, 1);
352 dev->class = cuse_class;
354 dev->release = cuse_gendev_release;
355 dev_set_drvdata(dev, cc);
356 dev_set_name(dev, "%s", devinfo.name);
358 rc = device_add(dev);
368 cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
369 cdev->ops = &cuse_frontend_fops;
371 rc = cdev_add(cdev, devt, 1);
378 /* make the device available */
379 spin_lock(&cuse_lock);
380 list_add(&cc->list, cuse_conntbl_head(devt));
381 spin_unlock(&cuse_lock);
383 /* announce device availability */
384 dev_set_uevent_suppress(dev, 0);
385 kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
395 unregister_chrdev_region(devt, 1);
401 static int cuse_send_init(struct cuse_conn *cc)
404 struct fuse_req *req;
406 struct fuse_conn *fc = &cc->fc;
407 struct cuse_init_in *arg;
409 BUILD_BUG_ON(CUSE_INIT_INFO_MAX > PAGE_SIZE);
411 req = fuse_get_req(fc);
418 page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO);
422 arg = &req->misc.cuse_init_in;
423 arg->major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
424 arg->minor = FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION;
425 arg->flags |= CUSE_UNRESTRICTED_IOCTL;
426 req->in.h.opcode = CUSE_INIT;
428 req->in.args[0].size = sizeof(struct cuse_init_in);
429 req->in.args[0].value = arg;
430 req->out.numargs = 2;
431 req->out.args[0].size = sizeof(struct cuse_init_out);
432 req->out.args[0].value = &req->misc.cuse_init_out;
433 req->out.args[1].size = CUSE_INIT_INFO_MAX;
435 req->out.argpages = 1;
436 req->pages[0] = page;
438 req->end = cuse_process_init_reply;
439 fuse_request_send_background(fc, req);
444 fuse_put_request(fc, req);
449 static void cuse_fc_release(struct fuse_conn *fc)
451 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(fc);
456 * cuse_channel_open - open method for /dev/cuse
457 * @inode: inode for /dev/cuse
458 * @file: file struct being opened
460 * Userland CUSE server can create a CUSE device by opening /dev/cuse
461 * and replying to the initilaization request kernel sends. This
462 * function is responsible for handling CUSE device initialization.
463 * Because the fd opened by this function is used during
464 * initialization, this function only creates cuse_conn and sends
465 * init. The rest is delegated to a kthread.
468 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
470 static int cuse_channel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
472 struct cuse_conn *cc;
475 /* set up cuse_conn */
476 cc = kzalloc(sizeof(*cc), GFP_KERNEL);
480 fuse_conn_init(&cc->fc);
482 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->list);
483 cc->fc.release = cuse_fc_release;
485 cc->fc.connected = 1;
487 rc = cuse_send_init(cc);
489 fuse_conn_put(&cc->fc);
492 file->private_data = &cc->fc; /* channel owns base reference to cc */
498 * cuse_channel_release - release method for /dev/cuse
499 * @inode: inode for /dev/cuse
500 * @file: file struct being closed
502 * Disconnect the channel, deregister CUSE device and initiate
503 * destruction by putting the default reference.
506 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
508 static int cuse_channel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
510 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(file->private_data);
513 /* remove from the conntbl, no more access from this point on */
514 spin_lock(&cuse_lock);
515 list_del_init(&cc->list);
516 spin_unlock(&cuse_lock);
520 device_unregister(cc->dev);
522 unregister_chrdev_region(cc->cdev->dev, 1);
526 /* kill connection and shutdown channel */
527 fuse_conn_kill(&cc->fc);
528 rc = fuse_dev_release(inode, file); /* puts the base reference */
533 static struct file_operations cuse_channel_fops; /* initialized during init */
536 /**************************************************************************
537 * Misc stuff and module initializatiion
539 * CUSE exports the same set of attributes to sysfs as fusectl.
542 static ssize_t cuse_class_waiting_show(struct device *dev,
543 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
545 struct cuse_conn *cc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
547 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", atomic_read(&cc->fc.num_waiting));
550 static ssize_t cuse_class_abort_store(struct device *dev,
551 struct device_attribute *attr,
552 const char *buf, size_t count)
554 struct cuse_conn *cc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
556 fuse_abort_conn(&cc->fc);
560 static struct device_attribute cuse_class_dev_attrs[] = {
561 __ATTR(waiting, S_IFREG | 0400, cuse_class_waiting_show, NULL),
562 __ATTR(abort, S_IFREG | 0200, NULL, cuse_class_abort_store),
566 static struct miscdevice cuse_miscdev = {
567 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
569 .fops = &cuse_channel_fops,
572 static int __init cuse_init(void)
577 for (i = 0; i < CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN; i++)
578 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cuse_conntbl[i]);
580 /* inherit and extend fuse_dev_operations */
581 cuse_channel_fops = fuse_dev_operations;
582 cuse_channel_fops.owner = THIS_MODULE;
583 cuse_channel_fops.open = cuse_channel_open;
584 cuse_channel_fops.release = cuse_channel_release;
586 cuse_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "cuse");
587 if (IS_ERR(cuse_class))
588 return PTR_ERR(cuse_class);
590 cuse_class->dev_attrs = cuse_class_dev_attrs;
592 rc = misc_register(&cuse_miscdev);
594 class_destroy(cuse_class);
601 static void __exit cuse_exit(void)
603 misc_deregister(&cuse_miscdev);
604 class_destroy(cuse_class);
607 module_init(cuse_init);
608 module_exit(cuse_exit);
610 MODULE_AUTHOR("Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>");
611 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Character device in Userspace");
612 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");