2 * Copyright (C) 2001 Momchil Velikov
3 * Portions Copyright (C) 2001 Christoph Hellwig
4 * Copyright (C) 2006 Nick Piggin
5 * Copyright (C) 2012 Konstantin Khlebnikov
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
10 * your option) any later version.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
21 #ifndef _LINUX_RADIX_TREE_H
22 #define _LINUX_RADIX_TREE_H
24 #include <linux/preempt.h>
25 #include <linux/types.h>
26 #include <linux/bug.h>
27 #include <linux/kernel.h>
28 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
31 * An indirect pointer (root->rnode pointing to a radix_tree_node, rather
32 * than a data item) is signalled by the low bit set in the root->rnode
35 * In this case root->height is > 0, but the indirect pointer tests are
36 * needed for RCU lookups (because root->height is unreliable). The only
37 * time callers need worry about this is when doing a lookup_slot under
40 * Indirect pointer in fact is also used to tag the last pointer of a node
41 * when it is shrunk, before we rcu free the node. See shrink code for
44 #define RADIX_TREE_INDIRECT_PTR 1
46 * A common use of the radix tree is to store pointers to struct pages;
47 * but shmem/tmpfs needs also to store swap entries in the same tree:
48 * those are marked as exceptional entries to distinguish them.
49 * EXCEPTIONAL_ENTRY tests the bit, EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT shifts content past it.
51 #define RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_ENTRY 2
52 #define RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_SHIFT 2
54 static inline int radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(void *ptr)
56 return (int)((unsigned long)ptr & RADIX_TREE_INDIRECT_PTR);
59 /*** radix-tree API starts here ***/
61 #define RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS 3
64 #define RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT (CONFIG_BASE_SMALL ? 4 : 6)
66 #define RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT 3 /* For more stressful testing */
69 #define RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE (1UL << RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT)
70 #define RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK (RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE-1)
72 #define RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS \
73 ((RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE + BITS_PER_LONG - 1) / BITS_PER_LONG)
75 #define RADIX_TREE_INDEX_BITS (8 /* CHAR_BIT */ * sizeof(unsigned long))
76 #define RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH (DIV_ROUND_UP(RADIX_TREE_INDEX_BITS, \
77 RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT))
79 /* Height component in node->path */
80 #define RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_SHIFT (RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1)
81 #define RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_MASK ((1UL << RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_SHIFT) - 1)
83 /* Internally used bits of node->count */
84 #define RADIX_TREE_COUNT_SHIFT (RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT + 1)
85 #define RADIX_TREE_COUNT_MASK ((1UL << RADIX_TREE_COUNT_SHIFT) - 1)
87 struct radix_tree_node {
88 unsigned int path; /* Offset in parent & height from the bottom */
92 /* Used when ascending tree */
93 struct radix_tree_node *parent;
97 /* Used when freeing node */
98 struct rcu_head rcu_head;
101 struct list_head private_list;
102 void __rcu *slots[RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE];
103 unsigned long tags[RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS][RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS];
106 /* root tags are stored in gfp_mask, shifted by __GFP_BITS_SHIFT */
107 struct radix_tree_root {
110 struct radix_tree_node __rcu *rnode;
113 #define RADIX_TREE_INIT(mask) { \
115 .gfp_mask = (mask), \
119 #define RADIX_TREE(name, mask) \
120 struct radix_tree_root name = RADIX_TREE_INIT(mask)
122 #define INIT_RADIX_TREE(root, mask) \
124 (root)->height = 0; \
125 (root)->gfp_mask = (mask); \
126 (root)->rnode = NULL; \
130 * Radix-tree synchronization
132 * The radix-tree API requires that users provide all synchronisation (with
133 * specific exceptions, noted below).
135 * Synchronization of access to the data items being stored in the tree, and
136 * management of their lifetimes must be completely managed by API users.
138 * For API usage, in general,
139 * - any function _modifying_ the tree or tags (inserting or deleting
140 * items, setting or clearing tags) must exclude other modifications, and
141 * exclude any functions reading the tree.
142 * - any function _reading_ the tree or tags (looking up items or tags,
143 * gang lookups) must exclude modifications to the tree, but may occur
144 * concurrently with other readers.
146 * The notable exceptions to this rule are the following functions:
147 * __radix_tree_lookup
149 * radix_tree_lookup_slot
151 * radix_tree_gang_lookup
152 * radix_tree_gang_lookup_slot
153 * radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag
154 * radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot
157 * The first 7 functions are able to be called locklessly, using RCU. The
158 * caller must ensure calls to these functions are made within rcu_read_lock()
159 * regions. Other readers (lock-free or otherwise) and modifications may be
160 * running concurrently.
162 * It is still required that the caller manage the synchronization and lifetimes
163 * of the items. So if RCU lock-free lookups are used, typically this would mean
164 * that the items have their own locks, or are amenable to lock-free access; and
165 * that the items are freed by RCU (or only freed after having been deleted from
166 * the radix tree *and* a synchronize_rcu() grace period).
168 * (Note, rcu_assign_pointer and rcu_dereference are not needed to control
169 * access to data items when inserting into or looking up from the radix tree)
171 * Note that the value returned by radix_tree_tag_get() may not be relied upon
172 * if only the RCU read lock is held. Functions to set/clear tags and to
173 * delete nodes running concurrently with it may affect its result such that
174 * two consecutive reads in the same locked section may return different
175 * values. If reliability is required, modification functions must also be
176 * excluded from concurrency.
178 * radix_tree_tagged is able to be called without locking or RCU.
182 * radix_tree_deref_slot - dereference a slot
183 * @pslot: pointer to slot, returned by radix_tree_lookup_slot
184 * Returns: item that was stored in that slot with any direct pointer flag
187 * For use with radix_tree_lookup_slot(). Caller must hold tree at least read
188 * locked across slot lookup and dereference. Not required if write lock is
189 * held (ie. items cannot be concurrently inserted).
191 * radix_tree_deref_retry must be used to confirm validity of the pointer if
192 * only the read lock is held.
194 static inline void *radix_tree_deref_slot(void **pslot)
196 return rcu_dereference(*pslot);
200 * radix_tree_deref_slot_protected - dereference a slot without RCU lock but with tree lock held
201 * @pslot: pointer to slot, returned by radix_tree_lookup_slot
202 * Returns: item that was stored in that slot with any direct pointer flag
205 * Similar to radix_tree_deref_slot but only used during migration when a pages
206 * mapping is being moved. The caller does not hold the RCU read lock but it
207 * must hold the tree lock to prevent parallel updates.
209 static inline void *radix_tree_deref_slot_protected(void **pslot,
210 spinlock_t *treelock)
212 return rcu_dereference_protected(*pslot, lockdep_is_held(treelock));
216 * radix_tree_deref_retry - check radix_tree_deref_slot
217 * @arg: pointer returned by radix_tree_deref_slot
218 * Returns: 0 if retry is not required, otherwise retry is required
220 * radix_tree_deref_retry must be used with radix_tree_deref_slot.
222 static inline int radix_tree_deref_retry(void *arg)
224 return unlikely((unsigned long)arg & RADIX_TREE_INDIRECT_PTR);
228 * radix_tree_exceptional_entry - radix_tree_deref_slot gave exceptional entry?
229 * @arg: value returned by radix_tree_deref_slot
230 * Returns: 0 if well-aligned pointer, non-0 if exceptional entry.
232 static inline int radix_tree_exceptional_entry(void *arg)
234 /* Not unlikely because radix_tree_exception often tested first */
235 return (unsigned long)arg & RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_ENTRY;
239 * radix_tree_exception - radix_tree_deref_slot returned either exception?
240 * @arg: value returned by radix_tree_deref_slot
241 * Returns: 0 if well-aligned pointer, non-0 if either kind of exception.
243 static inline int radix_tree_exception(void *arg)
245 return unlikely((unsigned long)arg &
246 (RADIX_TREE_INDIRECT_PTR | RADIX_TREE_EXCEPTIONAL_ENTRY));
250 * radix_tree_replace_slot - replace item in a slot
251 * @pslot: pointer to slot, returned by radix_tree_lookup_slot
252 * @item: new item to store in the slot.
254 * For use with radix_tree_lookup_slot(). Caller must hold tree write locked
255 * across slot lookup and replacement.
257 static inline void radix_tree_replace_slot(void **pslot, void *item)
259 BUG_ON(radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(item));
260 rcu_assign_pointer(*pslot, item);
263 int __radix_tree_create(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index,
264 struct radix_tree_node **nodep, void ***slotp);
265 int radix_tree_insert(struct radix_tree_root *, unsigned long, void *);
266 void *__radix_tree_lookup(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index,
267 struct radix_tree_node **nodep, void ***slotp);
268 void *radix_tree_lookup(struct radix_tree_root *, unsigned long);
269 void **radix_tree_lookup_slot(struct radix_tree_root *, unsigned long);
270 bool __radix_tree_delete_node(struct radix_tree_root *root,
271 struct radix_tree_node *node);
272 void *radix_tree_delete_item(struct radix_tree_root *, unsigned long, void *);
273 void *radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *, unsigned long);
275 radix_tree_gang_lookup(struct radix_tree_root *root, void **results,
276 unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items);
277 unsigned int radix_tree_gang_lookup_slot(struct radix_tree_root *root,
278 void ***results, unsigned long *indices,
279 unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items);
280 int radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask);
281 int radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask);
282 void radix_tree_init(void);
283 void *radix_tree_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root,
284 unsigned long index, unsigned int tag);
285 void *radix_tree_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root,
286 unsigned long index, unsigned int tag);
287 int radix_tree_tag_get(struct radix_tree_root *root,
288 unsigned long index, unsigned int tag);
290 radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag(struct radix_tree_root *root, void **results,
291 unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items,
294 radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot(struct radix_tree_root *root, void ***results,
295 unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items,
297 unsigned long radix_tree_range_tag_if_tagged(struct radix_tree_root *root,
298 unsigned long *first_indexp, unsigned long last_index,
299 unsigned long nr_to_tag,
300 unsigned int fromtag, unsigned int totag);
301 int radix_tree_tagged(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag);
302 unsigned long radix_tree_locate_item(struct radix_tree_root *root, void *item);
304 static inline void radix_tree_preload_end(void)
310 * struct radix_tree_iter - radix tree iterator state
312 * @index: index of current slot
313 * @next_index: next-to-last index for this chunk
314 * @tags: bit-mask for tag-iterating
316 * This radix tree iterator works in terms of "chunks" of slots. A chunk is a
317 * subinterval of slots contained within one radix tree leaf node. It is
318 * described by a pointer to its first slot and a struct radix_tree_iter
319 * which holds the chunk's position in the tree and its size. For tagged
320 * iteration radix_tree_iter also holds the slots' bit-mask for one chosen
323 struct radix_tree_iter {
325 unsigned long next_index;
329 #define RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAG_MASK 0x00FF /* tag index in lower byte */
330 #define RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED 0x0100 /* lookup tagged slots */
331 #define RADIX_TREE_ITER_CONTIG 0x0200 /* stop at first hole */
334 * radix_tree_iter_init - initialize radix tree iterator
336 * @iter: pointer to iterator state
337 * @start: iteration starting index
340 static __always_inline void **
341 radix_tree_iter_init(struct radix_tree_iter *iter, unsigned long start)
344 * Leave iter->tags uninitialized. radix_tree_next_chunk() will fill it
345 * in the case of a successful tagged chunk lookup. If the lookup was
346 * unsuccessful or non-tagged then nobody cares about ->tags.
348 * Set index to zero to bypass next_index overflow protection.
349 * See the comment in radix_tree_next_chunk() for details.
352 iter->next_index = start;
357 * radix_tree_next_chunk - find next chunk of slots for iteration
359 * @root: radix tree root
360 * @iter: iterator state
361 * @flags: RADIX_TREE_ITER_* flags and tag index
362 * Returns: pointer to chunk first slot, or NULL if there no more left
364 * This function looks up the next chunk in the radix tree starting from
365 * @iter->next_index. It returns a pointer to the chunk's first slot.
366 * Also it fills @iter with data about chunk: position in the tree (index),
367 * its end (next_index), and constructs a bit mask for tagged iterating (tags).
369 void **radix_tree_next_chunk(struct radix_tree_root *root,
370 struct radix_tree_iter *iter, unsigned flags);
373 * radix_tree_chunk_size - get current chunk size
375 * @iter: pointer to radix tree iterator
376 * Returns: current chunk size
378 static __always_inline unsigned
379 radix_tree_chunk_size(struct radix_tree_iter *iter)
381 return iter->next_index - iter->index;
385 * radix_tree_next_slot - find next slot in chunk
387 * @slot: pointer to current slot
388 * @iter: pointer to interator state
389 * @flags: RADIX_TREE_ITER_*, should be constant
390 * Returns: pointer to next slot, or NULL if there no more left
392 * This function updates @iter->index in the case of a successful lookup.
393 * For tagged lookup it also eats @iter->tags.
395 static __always_inline void **
396 radix_tree_next_slot(void **slot, struct radix_tree_iter *iter, unsigned flags)
398 if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED) {
400 if (likely(iter->tags & 1ul)) {
404 if (!(flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_CONTIG) && likely(iter->tags)) {
405 unsigned offset = __ffs(iter->tags);
407 iter->tags >>= offset;
408 iter->index += offset + 1;
409 return slot + offset + 1;
412 unsigned size = radix_tree_chunk_size(iter) - 1;
419 if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_CONTIG) {
420 /* forbid switching to the next chunk */
421 iter->next_index = 0;
430 * radix_tree_for_each_chunk - iterate over chunks
432 * @slot: the void** variable for pointer to chunk first slot
433 * @root: the struct radix_tree_root pointer
434 * @iter: the struct radix_tree_iter pointer
435 * @start: iteration starting index
436 * @flags: RADIX_TREE_ITER_* and tag index
438 * Locks can be released and reacquired between iterations.
440 #define radix_tree_for_each_chunk(slot, root, iter, start, flags) \
441 for (slot = radix_tree_iter_init(iter, start) ; \
442 (slot = radix_tree_next_chunk(root, iter, flags)) ;)
445 * radix_tree_for_each_chunk_slot - iterate over slots in one chunk
447 * @slot: the void** variable, at the beginning points to chunk first slot
448 * @iter: the struct radix_tree_iter pointer
449 * @flags: RADIX_TREE_ITER_*, should be constant
451 * This macro is designed to be nested inside radix_tree_for_each_chunk().
452 * @slot points to the radix tree slot, @iter->index contains its index.
454 #define radix_tree_for_each_chunk_slot(slot, iter, flags) \
455 for (; slot ; slot = radix_tree_next_slot(slot, iter, flags))
458 * radix_tree_for_each_slot - iterate over non-empty slots
460 * @slot: the void** variable for pointer to slot
461 * @root: the struct radix_tree_root pointer
462 * @iter: the struct radix_tree_iter pointer
463 * @start: iteration starting index
465 * @slot points to radix tree slot, @iter->index contains its index.
467 #define radix_tree_for_each_slot(slot, root, iter, start) \
468 for (slot = radix_tree_iter_init(iter, start) ; \
469 slot || (slot = radix_tree_next_chunk(root, iter, 0)) ; \
470 slot = radix_tree_next_slot(slot, iter, 0))
473 * radix_tree_for_each_contig - iterate over contiguous slots
475 * @slot: the void** variable for pointer to slot
476 * @root: the struct radix_tree_root pointer
477 * @iter: the struct radix_tree_iter pointer
478 * @start: iteration starting index
480 * @slot points to radix tree slot, @iter->index contains its index.
482 #define radix_tree_for_each_contig(slot, root, iter, start) \
483 for (slot = radix_tree_iter_init(iter, start) ; \
484 slot || (slot = radix_tree_next_chunk(root, iter, \
485 RADIX_TREE_ITER_CONTIG)) ; \
486 slot = radix_tree_next_slot(slot, iter, \
487 RADIX_TREE_ITER_CONTIG))
490 * radix_tree_for_each_tagged - iterate over tagged slots
492 * @slot: the void** variable for pointer to slot
493 * @root: the struct radix_tree_root pointer
494 * @iter: the struct radix_tree_iter pointer
495 * @start: iteration starting index
498 * @slot points to radix tree slot, @iter->index contains its index.
500 #define radix_tree_for_each_tagged(slot, root, iter, start, tag) \
501 for (slot = radix_tree_iter_init(iter, start) ; \
502 slot || (slot = radix_tree_next_chunk(root, iter, \
503 RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED | tag)) ; \
504 slot = radix_tree_next_slot(slot, iter, \
505 RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED))
507 #endif /* _LINUX_RADIX_TREE_H */