2 * Wound/Wait Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with deadlock avoidance
4 * Original mutex implementation started by Ingo Molnar:
6 * Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
8 * Wound/wait implementation:
9 * Copyright (C) 2013 Canonical Ltd.
11 * This file contains the main data structure and API definitions.
14 #ifndef __LINUX_WW_MUTEX_H
15 #define __LINUX_WW_MUTEX_H
17 #include <linux/mutex.h>
21 struct lock_class_key acquire_key;
22 struct lock_class_key mutex_key;
23 const char *acquire_name;
24 const char *mutex_name;
27 struct ww_acquire_ctx {
28 struct task_struct *task;
31 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
32 unsigned done_acquire;
33 struct ww_class *ww_class;
34 struct ww_mutex *contending_lock;
36 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
37 struct lockdep_map dep_map;
39 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_WW_MUTEX_SLOWPATH
40 unsigned deadlock_inject_interval;
41 unsigned deadlock_inject_countdown;
47 struct ww_acquire_ctx *ctx;
48 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
49 struct ww_class *ww_class;
53 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
54 # define __WW_CLASS_MUTEX_INITIALIZER(lockname, class) \
57 # define __WW_CLASS_MUTEX_INITIALIZER(lockname, class)
60 #define __WW_CLASS_INITIALIZER(ww_class) \
61 { .stamp = ATOMIC_LONG_INIT(0) \
62 , .acquire_name = #ww_class "_acquire" \
63 , .mutex_name = #ww_class "_mutex" }
65 #define __WW_MUTEX_INITIALIZER(lockname, class) \
66 { .base = __MUTEX_INITIALIZER(lockname.base) \
67 __WW_CLASS_MUTEX_INITIALIZER(lockname, class) }
69 #define DEFINE_WW_CLASS(classname) \
70 struct ww_class classname = __WW_CLASS_INITIALIZER(classname)
72 #define DEFINE_WW_MUTEX(mutexname, ww_class) \
73 struct ww_mutex mutexname = __WW_MUTEX_INITIALIZER(mutexname, ww_class)
76 * ww_mutex_init - initialize the w/w mutex
77 * @lock: the mutex to be initialized
78 * @ww_class: the w/w class the mutex should belong to
80 * Initialize the w/w mutex to unlocked state and associate it with the given
83 * It is not allowed to initialize an already locked mutex.
85 static inline void ww_mutex_init(struct ww_mutex *lock,
86 struct ww_class *ww_class)
88 __mutex_init(&lock->base, ww_class->mutex_name, &ww_class->mutex_key);
90 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
91 lock->ww_class = ww_class;
96 * ww_acquire_init - initialize a w/w acquire context
97 * @ctx: w/w acquire context to initialize
98 * @ww_class: w/w class of the context
100 * Initializes an context to acquire multiple mutexes of the given w/w class.
102 * Context-based w/w mutex acquiring can be done in any order whatsoever within
103 * a given lock class. Deadlocks will be detected and handled with the
106 * Mixing of context-based w/w mutex acquiring and single w/w mutex locking can
107 * result in undetected deadlocks and is so forbidden. Mixing different contexts
108 * for the same w/w class when acquiring mutexes can also result in undetected
109 * deadlocks, and is hence also forbidden. Both types of abuse will be caught by
110 * enabling CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING.
112 * Nesting of acquire contexts for _different_ w/w classes is possible, subject
113 * to the usual locking rules between different lock classes.
115 * An acquire context must be released with ww_acquire_fini by the same task
116 * before the memory is freed. It is recommended to allocate the context itself
119 static inline void ww_acquire_init(struct ww_acquire_ctx *ctx,
120 struct ww_class *ww_class)
123 ctx->stamp = atomic_long_inc_return_relaxed(&ww_class->stamp);
125 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
126 ctx->ww_class = ww_class;
127 ctx->done_acquire = 0;
128 ctx->contending_lock = NULL;
130 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
131 debug_check_no_locks_freed((void *)ctx, sizeof(*ctx));
132 lockdep_init_map(&ctx->dep_map, ww_class->acquire_name,
133 &ww_class->acquire_key, 0);
134 mutex_acquire(&ctx->dep_map, 0, 0, _RET_IP_);
136 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_WW_MUTEX_SLOWPATH
137 ctx->deadlock_inject_interval = 1;
138 ctx->deadlock_inject_countdown = ctx->stamp & 0xf;
143 * ww_acquire_done - marks the end of the acquire phase
144 * @ctx: the acquire context
146 * Marks the end of the acquire phase, any further w/w mutex lock calls using
147 * this context are forbidden.
149 * Calling this function is optional, it is just useful to document w/w mutex
150 * code and clearly designated the acquire phase from actually using the locked
153 static inline void ww_acquire_done(struct ww_acquire_ctx *ctx)
155 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
156 lockdep_assert_held(ctx);
158 DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(ctx->done_acquire);
159 ctx->done_acquire = 1;
164 * ww_acquire_fini - releases a w/w acquire context
165 * @ctx: the acquire context to free
167 * Releases a w/w acquire context. This must be called _after_ all acquired w/w
168 * mutexes have been released with ww_mutex_unlock.
170 static inline void ww_acquire_fini(struct ww_acquire_ctx *ctx)
172 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
173 mutex_release(&ctx->dep_map, 0, _THIS_IP_);
175 DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(ctx->acquired);
176 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING))
178 * lockdep will normally handle this,
179 * but fail without anyway
181 ctx->done_acquire = 1;
183 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC))
184 /* ensure ww_acquire_fini will still fail if called twice */
190 * ww_mutex_lock - acquire the w/w mutex
191 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
192 * @ctx: w/w acquire context, or NULL to acquire only a single lock.
194 * Lock the w/w mutex exclusively for this task.
196 * Deadlocks within a given w/w class of locks are detected and handled with the
197 * wait/wound algorithm. If the lock isn't immediately avaiable this function
198 * will either sleep until it is (wait case). Or it selects the current context
199 * for backing off by returning -EDEADLK (wound case). Trying to acquire the
200 * same lock with the same context twice is also detected and signalled by
201 * returning -EALREADY. Returns 0 if the mutex was successfully acquired.
203 * In the wound case the caller must release all currently held w/w mutexes for
204 * the given context and then wait for this contending lock to be available by
205 * calling ww_mutex_lock_slow. Alternatively callers can opt to not acquire this
206 * lock and proceed with trying to acquire further w/w mutexes (e.g. when
207 * scanning through lru lists trying to free resources).
209 * The mutex must later on be released by the same task that
210 * acquired it. The task may not exit without first unlocking the mutex. Also,
211 * kernel memory where the mutex resides must not be freed with the mutex still
212 * locked. The mutex must first be initialized (or statically defined) before it
213 * can be locked. memset()-ing the mutex to 0 is not allowed. The mutex must be
214 * of the same w/w lock class as was used to initialize the acquire context.
216 * A mutex acquired with this function must be released with ww_mutex_unlock.
218 extern int /* __must_check */ ww_mutex_lock(struct ww_mutex *lock, struct ww_acquire_ctx *ctx);
221 * ww_mutex_lock_interruptible - acquire the w/w mutex, interruptible
222 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
223 * @ctx: w/w acquire context
225 * Lock the w/w mutex exclusively for this task.
227 * Deadlocks within a given w/w class of locks are detected and handled with the
228 * wait/wound algorithm. If the lock isn't immediately avaiable this function
229 * will either sleep until it is (wait case). Or it selects the current context
230 * for backing off by returning -EDEADLK (wound case). Trying to acquire the
231 * same lock with the same context twice is also detected and signalled by
232 * returning -EALREADY. Returns 0 if the mutex was successfully acquired. If a
233 * signal arrives while waiting for the lock then this function returns -EINTR.
235 * In the wound case the caller must release all currently held w/w mutexes for
236 * the given context and then wait for this contending lock to be available by
237 * calling ww_mutex_lock_slow_interruptible. Alternatively callers can opt to
238 * not acquire this lock and proceed with trying to acquire further w/w mutexes
239 * (e.g. when scanning through lru lists trying to free resources).
241 * The mutex must later on be released by the same task that
242 * acquired it. The task may not exit without first unlocking the mutex. Also,
243 * kernel memory where the mutex resides must not be freed with the mutex still
244 * locked. The mutex must first be initialized (or statically defined) before it
245 * can be locked. memset()-ing the mutex to 0 is not allowed. The mutex must be
246 * of the same w/w lock class as was used to initialize the acquire context.
248 * A mutex acquired with this function must be released with ww_mutex_unlock.
250 extern int __must_check ww_mutex_lock_interruptible(struct ww_mutex *lock,
251 struct ww_acquire_ctx *ctx);
254 * ww_mutex_lock_slow - slowpath acquiring of the w/w mutex
255 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
256 * @ctx: w/w acquire context
258 * Acquires a w/w mutex with the given context after a wound case. This function
259 * will sleep until the lock becomes available.
261 * The caller must have released all w/w mutexes already acquired with the
262 * context and then call this function on the contended lock.
264 * Afterwards the caller may continue to (re)acquire the other w/w mutexes it
265 * needs with ww_mutex_lock. Note that the -EALREADY return code from
266 * ww_mutex_lock can be used to avoid locking this contended mutex twice.
268 * It is forbidden to call this function with any other w/w mutexes associated
269 * with the context held. It is forbidden to call this on anything else than the
272 * Note that the slowpath lock acquiring can also be done by calling
273 * ww_mutex_lock directly. This function here is simply to help w/w mutex
274 * locking code readability by clearly denoting the slowpath.
277 ww_mutex_lock_slow(struct ww_mutex *lock, struct ww_acquire_ctx *ctx)
280 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
281 DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!ctx->contending_lock);
283 ret = ww_mutex_lock(lock, ctx);
288 * ww_mutex_lock_slow_interruptible - slowpath acquiring of the w/w mutex, interruptible
289 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
290 * @ctx: w/w acquire context
292 * Acquires a w/w mutex with the given context after a wound case. This function
293 * will sleep until the lock becomes available and returns 0 when the lock has
294 * been acquired. If a signal arrives while waiting for the lock then this
295 * function returns -EINTR.
297 * The caller must have released all w/w mutexes already acquired with the
298 * context and then call this function on the contended lock.
300 * Afterwards the caller may continue to (re)acquire the other w/w mutexes it
301 * needs with ww_mutex_lock. Note that the -EALREADY return code from
302 * ww_mutex_lock can be used to avoid locking this contended mutex twice.
304 * It is forbidden to call this function with any other w/w mutexes associated
305 * with the given context held. It is forbidden to call this on anything else
306 * than the contending mutex.
308 * Note that the slowpath lock acquiring can also be done by calling
309 * ww_mutex_lock_interruptible directly. This function here is simply to help
310 * w/w mutex locking code readability by clearly denoting the slowpath.
312 static inline int __must_check
313 ww_mutex_lock_slow_interruptible(struct ww_mutex *lock,
314 struct ww_acquire_ctx *ctx)
316 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
317 DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!ctx->contending_lock);
319 return ww_mutex_lock_interruptible(lock, ctx);
322 extern void ww_mutex_unlock(struct ww_mutex *lock);
325 * ww_mutex_trylock - tries to acquire the w/w mutex without acquire context
326 * @lock: mutex to lock
328 * Trylocks a mutex without acquire context, so no deadlock detection is
329 * possible. Returns 1 if the mutex has been acquired successfully, 0 otherwise.
331 static inline int __must_check ww_mutex_trylock(struct ww_mutex *lock)
333 return mutex_trylock(&lock->base);
337 * ww_mutex_destroy - mark a w/w mutex unusable
338 * @lock: the mutex to be destroyed
340 * This function marks the mutex uninitialized, and any subsequent
341 * use of the mutex is forbidden. The mutex must not be locked when
342 * this function is called.
344 static inline void ww_mutex_destroy(struct ww_mutex *lock)
346 mutex_destroy(&lock->base);
350 * ww_mutex_is_locked - is the w/w mutex locked
351 * @lock: the mutex to be queried
353 * Returns 1 if the mutex is locked, 0 if unlocked.
355 static inline bool ww_mutex_is_locked(struct ww_mutex *lock)
357 return mutex_is_locked(&lock->base);