4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
7 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
8 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
9 * Simplified starting of init: Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
12 #define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__
14 #include <linux/config.h>
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
18 #include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h>
19 #include <linux/kernel.h>
20 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
21 #include <linux/string.h>
22 #include <linux/ctype.h>
23 #include <linux/delay.h>
24 #include <linux/utsname.h>
25 #include <linux/ioport.h>
26 #include <linux/init.h>
27 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
28 #include <linux/initrd.h>
29 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
30 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
31 #include <linux/tty.h>
32 #include <linux/gfp.h>
33 #include <linux/percpu.h>
34 #include <linux/kmod.h>
35 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
36 #include <linux/security.h>
37 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
38 #include <linux/profile.h>
39 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
40 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
41 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
42 #include <linux/writeback.h>
43 #include <linux/cpu.h>
44 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
45 #include <linux/efi.h>
46 #include <linux/unistd.h>
47 #include <linux/rmap.h>
48 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
49 #include <linux/key.h>
54 #include <asm/setup.h>
55 #include <asm/sections.h>
58 * This is one of the first .c files built. Error out early
59 * if we have compiler trouble..
61 #if __GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 96
62 #ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
63 #error This compiler cannot compile correctly with frame pointers enabled
67 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
72 * Versions of gcc older than that listed below may actually compile
73 * and link okay, but the end product can have subtle run time bugs.
74 * To avoid associated bogus bug reports, we flatly refuse to compile
75 * with a gcc that is known to be too old from the very beginning.
77 #if __GNUC__ < 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 95)
78 #error Sorry, your GCC is too old. It builds incorrect kernels.
81 static int init(void *);
83 extern void init_IRQ(void);
84 extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
85 extern void mca_init(void);
86 extern void sbus_init(void);
87 extern void sysctl_init(void);
88 extern void signals_init(void);
89 extern void buffer_init(void);
90 extern void pidhash_init(void);
91 extern void pidmap_init(void);
92 extern void prio_tree_init(void);
93 extern void radix_tree_init(void);
94 extern void free_initmem(void);
95 extern void populate_rootfs(void);
96 extern void driver_init(void);
97 extern void prepare_namespace(void);
99 extern void acpi_early_init(void);
101 static inline void acpi_early_init(void) { }
105 extern void tc_init(void);
108 enum system_states system_state;
109 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
112 * Boot command-line arguments
114 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
115 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
117 extern void time_init(void);
118 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
119 void (*late_time_init)(void);
120 extern void softirq_init(void);
122 /* Untouched command line (eg. for /proc) saved by arch-specific code. */
123 char saved_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
125 static char *execute_command;
127 /* Setup configured maximum number of CPUs to activate */
128 static unsigned int max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
131 * Setup routine for controlling SMP activation
133 * Command-line option of "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0" will disable SMP
134 * activation entirely (the MPS table probe still happens, though).
136 * Command-line option of "maxcpus=<NUM>", where <NUM> is an integer
137 * greater than 0, limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in
140 static int __init nosmp(char *str)
146 __setup("nosmp", nosmp);
148 static int __init maxcpus(char *str)
150 get_option(&str, &max_cpus);
154 __setup("maxcpus=", maxcpus);
156 static char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
157 char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
158 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
160 extern struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
162 static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
164 struct obs_kernel_param *p;
168 int n = strlen(p->str);
169 if (!strncmp(line, p->str, n)) {
171 /* Already done in parse_early_param? (Needs
172 * exact match on param part) */
173 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
175 } else if (!p->setup_func) {
176 printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
177 " ignored\n", p->str);
179 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
183 } while (p < __setup_end);
188 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
189 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
191 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
193 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
195 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
199 console_loglevel = 10;
203 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
207 console_loglevel = 4;
211 __setup("debug", debug_kernel);
212 __setup("quiet", quiet_kernel);
214 static int __init loglevel(char *str)
216 get_option(&str, &console_loglevel);
220 __setup("loglevel=", loglevel);
223 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
226 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val)
228 /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
230 /* param=val or param="val"? */
231 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
233 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
235 memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
241 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
242 if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
246 * Preemptive maintenance for "why didn't my mispelled command
249 if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val)) {
250 printk(KERN_ERR "Unknown boot option `%s': ignoring\n", param);
258 /* Environment option */
260 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
261 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
262 panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
265 if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
268 envp_init[i] = param;
270 /* Command line option */
272 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
273 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
274 panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
278 argv_init[i] = param;
283 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
287 execute_command = str;
289 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
290 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
291 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
292 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
294 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
298 __setup("init=", init_setup);
300 extern void setup_arch(char **);
304 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
305 static void __init smp_init(void)
307 APIC_init_uniprocessor();
310 #define smp_init() do { } while (0)
313 static inline void setup_per_cpu_areas(void) { }
314 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
318 #ifdef __GENERIC_PER_CPU
319 unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS];
321 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
323 static void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
325 unsigned long size, i;
328 /* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
329 size = ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
330 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
331 if (size < PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM)
332 size = PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM;
335 ptr = alloc_bootmem(size * NR_CPUS);
337 for (i = 0; i < NR_CPUS; i++, ptr += size) {
338 __per_cpu_offset[i] = ptr - __per_cpu_start;
339 memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_start, __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start);
342 #endif /* !__GENERIC_PER_CPU */
344 /* Called by boot processor to activate the rest. */
345 static void __init smp_init(void)
349 /* FIXME: This should be done in userspace --RR */
350 for_each_present_cpu(i) {
351 if (num_online_cpus() >= max_cpus)
357 /* Any cleanup work */
358 printk(KERN_INFO "Brought up %ld CPUs\n", (long)num_online_cpus());
359 smp_cpus_done(max_cpus);
361 /* Get other processors into their bootup holding patterns. */
370 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
371 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
372 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
375 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
378 static void noinline rest_init(void)
379 __releases(kernel_lock)
381 kernel_thread(init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
382 numa_default_policy();
384 preempt_enable_no_resched();
387 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
388 * at least one to get things moving:
395 /* Check for early params. */
396 static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val)
398 struct obs_kernel_param *p;
400 for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
401 if (p->early && strcmp(param, p->str) == 0) {
402 if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
404 "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
407 /* We accept everything at this stage. */
411 /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
412 void __init parse_early_param(void)
414 static __initdata int done = 0;
415 static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
420 /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
421 strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, saved_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
422 parse_args("early options", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, do_early_param);
427 * Activate the first processor.
430 asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
433 extern struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
435 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
441 printk(linux_banner);
442 setup_arch(&command_line);
443 setup_per_cpu_areas();
446 * Mark the boot cpu "online" so that it can call console drivers in
447 * printk() and can access its per-cpu storage.
449 smp_prepare_boot_cpu();
452 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
453 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
454 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
458 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
459 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
462 build_all_zonelists();
464 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line);
466 parse_args("Booting kernel", command_line, __start___param,
467 __stop___param - __start___param,
468 &unknown_bootoption);
479 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
480 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
481 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
485 panic(panic_later, panic_param);
488 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
489 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
490 initrd_start < min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) {
491 printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
492 "disabling it.\n",initrd_start,min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
496 vfs_caches_init_early();
499 setup_per_cpu_pageset();
505 pgtable_cache_init();
510 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
512 fork_init(num_physpages);
518 vfs_caches_init(num_physpages);
521 /* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
522 page_writeback_init();
523 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
530 acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
532 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
536 static int __initdata initcall_debug;
538 static int __init initcall_debug_setup(char *str)
543 __setup("initcall_debug", initcall_debug_setup);
545 struct task_struct *child_reaper = &init_task;
547 extern initcall_t __initcall_start[], __initcall_end[];
549 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
552 int count = preempt_count();
554 for (call = __initcall_start; call < __initcall_end; call++) {
557 if (initcall_debug) {
558 printk(KERN_DEBUG "Calling initcall 0x%p", *call);
559 print_fn_descriptor_symbol(": %s()", (unsigned long) *call);
566 if (preempt_count() != count) {
567 msg = "preemption imbalance";
568 preempt_count() = count;
570 if (irqs_disabled()) {
571 msg = "disabled interrupts";
575 printk(KERN_WARNING "error in initcall at 0x%p: "
576 "returned with %s\n", *call, msg);
580 /* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */
581 flush_scheduled_work();
585 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
586 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
587 * running, and memory and process management works.
589 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
591 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
593 /* drivers will send hotplug events */
595 usermodehelper_init();
602 /* Networking initialization needs a process context */
608 static void do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
610 extern int spawn_ksoftirqd(void);
612 extern int migration_init(void);
619 static void run_init_process(char *init_filename)
621 argv_init[0] = init_filename;
622 execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
625 static inline void fixup_cpu_present_map(void)
631 * If arch is not hotplug ready and did not populate
632 * cpu_present_map, just make cpu_present_map same as cpu_possible_map
633 * for other cpu bringup code to function as normal. e.g smp_init() etc.
635 if (cpus_empty(cpu_present_map)) {
637 cpu_set(i, cpu_present_map);
643 static int init(void * unused)
647 * init can run on any cpu.
649 set_cpus_allowed(current, CPU_MASK_ALL);
651 * Tell the world that we're going to be the grim
652 * reaper of innocent orphaned children.
654 * We don't want people to have to make incorrect
655 * assumptions about where in the task array this
658 child_reaper = current;
660 /* Sets up cpus_possible() */
661 smp_prepare_cpus(max_cpus);
663 do_pre_smp_initcalls();
665 fixup_cpu_present_map();
672 * Do this before initcalls, because some drivers want to access
680 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all
683 if (sys_access((const char __user *) "/init", 0) == 0)
684 execute_command = "/init";
689 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
690 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
691 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
695 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
696 numa_default_policy();
698 if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
699 printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
705 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
707 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
708 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
712 run_init_process(execute_command);
714 run_init_process("/sbin/init");
715 run_init_process("/etc/init");
716 run_init_process("/bin/init");
717 run_init_process("/bin/sh");
719 panic("No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.");