4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
8 * This function is used through-out the kernel (including mm and fs)
9 * to indicate a major problem.
11 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
12 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
13 #include <linux/kmsg_dump.h>
14 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
15 #include <linux/notifier.h>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/random.h>
18 #include <linux/reboot.h>
19 #include <linux/delay.h>
20 #include <linux/kexec.h>
21 #include <linux/sched.h>
22 #include <linux/sysrq.h>
23 #include <linux/init.h>
24 #include <linux/nmi.h>
25 #include <linux/dmi.h>
28 static unsigned long tainted_mask;
29 static int pause_on_oops;
30 static int pause_on_oops_flag;
31 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pause_on_oops_lock);
35 ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(panic_notifier_list);
37 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_notifier_list);
39 /* Returns how long it waited in ms */
40 long (*panic_blink)(long time);
41 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_blink);
43 static void panic_blink_one_second(void)
45 static long i = 0, end;
48 end = i + MSEC_PER_SEC;
57 * When running under a hypervisor a small mdelay may get
58 * rounded up to the hypervisor timeslice. For example, with
59 * a 1ms in 10ms hypervisor timeslice we might inflate a
60 * mdelay(1) loop by 10x.
62 * If we have nothing to blink, spin on 1 second calls to
63 * mdelay to avoid this.
70 * panic - halt the system
71 * @fmt: The text string to print
73 * Display a message, then perform cleanups.
75 * This function never returns.
77 NORET_TYPE void panic(const char * fmt, ...)
79 static char buf[1024];
84 * It's possible to come here directly from a panic-assertion and
85 * not have preempt disabled. Some functions called from here want
86 * preempt to be disabled. No point enabling it later though...
92 vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
94 printk(KERN_EMERG "Kernel panic - not syncing: %s\n",buf);
95 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE
100 * If we have crashed and we have a crash kernel loaded let it handle
102 * Do we want to call this before we try to display a message?
106 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_PANIC);
109 * Note smp_send_stop is the usual smp shutdown function, which
110 * unfortunately means it may not be hardened to work in a panic
115 atomic_notifier_call_chain(&panic_notifier_list, 0, buf);
119 if (panic_timeout > 0) {
121 * Delay timeout seconds before rebooting the machine.
122 * We can't use the "normal" timers since we just panicked.
124 printk(KERN_EMERG "Rebooting in %d seconds..", panic_timeout);
126 for (i = 0; i < panic_timeout; i++) {
127 touch_nmi_watchdog();
128 panic_blink_one_second();
131 * This will not be a clean reboot, with everything
132 * shutting down. But if there is a chance of
133 * rebooting the system it will be rebooted.
139 extern int stop_a_enabled;
140 /* Make sure the user can actually press Stop-A (L1-A) */
142 printk(KERN_EMERG "Press Stop-A (L1-A) to return to the boot prom\n");
145 #if defined(CONFIG_S390)
147 unsigned long caller;
149 caller = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
150 disabled_wait(caller);
155 touch_softlockup_watchdog();
156 panic_blink_one_second();
160 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic);
169 static const struct tnt tnts[] = {
170 { TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE, 'P', 'G' },
171 { TAINT_FORCED_MODULE, 'F', ' ' },
172 { TAINT_UNSAFE_SMP, 'S', ' ' },
173 { TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD, 'R', ' ' },
174 { TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK, 'M', ' ' },
175 { TAINT_BAD_PAGE, 'B', ' ' },
176 { TAINT_USER, 'U', ' ' },
177 { TAINT_DIE, 'D', ' ' },
178 { TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE, 'A', ' ' },
179 { TAINT_WARN, 'W', ' ' },
180 { TAINT_CRAP, 'C', ' ' },
184 * print_tainted - return a string to represent the kernel taint state.
186 * 'P' - Proprietary module has been loaded.
187 * 'F' - Module has been forcibly loaded.
188 * 'S' - SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
189 * 'R' - User forced a module unload.
190 * 'M' - System experienced a machine check exception.
191 * 'B' - System has hit bad_page.
192 * 'U' - Userspace-defined naughtiness.
193 * 'D' - Kernel has oopsed before
194 * 'A' - ACPI table overridden.
195 * 'W' - Taint on warning.
196 * 'C' - modules from drivers/staging are loaded.
198 * The string is overwritten by the next call to print_tainted().
200 const char *print_tainted(void)
202 static char buf[ARRAY_SIZE(tnts) + sizeof("Tainted: ") + 1];
208 s = buf + sprintf(buf, "Tainted: ");
209 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tnts); i++) {
210 const struct tnt *t = &tnts[i];
211 *s++ = test_bit(t->bit, &tainted_mask) ?
216 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Not tainted");
221 int test_taint(unsigned flag)
223 return test_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
225 EXPORT_SYMBOL(test_taint);
227 unsigned long get_taint(void)
232 void add_taint(unsigned flag)
235 * Can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore.
236 * We don't call directly debug_locks_off() because the issue
237 * is not necessarily serious enough to set oops_in_progress to 1
238 * Also we want to keep up lockdep for staging development and
241 if (flag != TAINT_CRAP && flag != TAINT_WARN && __debug_locks_off())
242 printk(KERN_WARNING "Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint\n");
244 set_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
246 EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_taint);
248 static void spin_msec(int msecs)
252 for (i = 0; i < msecs; i++) {
253 touch_nmi_watchdog();
259 * It just happens that oops_enter() and oops_exit() are identically
262 static void do_oops_enter_exit(void)
265 static int spin_counter;
270 spin_lock_irqsave(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
271 if (pause_on_oops_flag == 0) {
272 /* This CPU may now print the oops message */
273 pause_on_oops_flag = 1;
275 /* We need to stall this CPU */
277 /* This CPU gets to do the counting */
278 spin_counter = pause_on_oops;
280 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
281 spin_msec(MSEC_PER_SEC);
282 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
283 } while (--spin_counter);
284 pause_on_oops_flag = 0;
286 /* This CPU waits for a different one */
287 while (spin_counter) {
288 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
290 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
294 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
298 * Return true if the calling CPU is allowed to print oops-related info.
299 * This is a bit racy..
301 int oops_may_print(void)
303 return pause_on_oops_flag == 0;
307 * Called when the architecture enters its oops handler, before it prints
308 * anything. If this is the first CPU to oops, and it's oopsing the first
309 * time then let it proceed.
311 * This is all enabled by the pause_on_oops kernel boot option. We do all
312 * this to ensure that oopses don't scroll off the screen. It has the
313 * side-effect of preventing later-oopsing CPUs from mucking up the display,
316 * It turns out that the CPU which is allowed to print ends up pausing for
317 * the right duration, whereas all the other CPUs pause for twice as long:
318 * once in oops_enter(), once in oops_exit().
320 void oops_enter(void)
323 /* can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore: */
325 do_oops_enter_exit();
329 * 64-bit random ID for oopses:
333 static int init_oops_id(void)
336 get_random_bytes(&oops_id, sizeof(oops_id));
342 late_initcall(init_oops_id);
344 static void print_oops_end_marker(void)
347 printk(KERN_WARNING "---[ end trace %016llx ]---\n",
348 (unsigned long long)oops_id);
352 * Called when the architecture exits its oops handler, after printing
357 do_oops_enter_exit();
358 print_oops_end_marker();
359 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_OOPS);
362 #ifdef WANT_WARN_ON_SLOWPATH
363 struct slowpath_args {
368 static void warn_slowpath_common(const char *file, int line, void *caller, struct slowpath_args *args)
372 printk(KERN_WARNING "------------[ cut here ]------------\n");
373 printk(KERN_WARNING "WARNING: at %s:%d %pS()\n", file, line, caller);
374 board = dmi_get_system_info(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME);
376 printk(KERN_WARNING "Hardware name: %s\n", board);
379 vprintk(args->fmt, args->args);
383 print_oops_end_marker();
384 add_taint(TAINT_WARN);
387 void warn_slowpath_fmt(const char *file, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
389 struct slowpath_args args;
392 va_start(args.args, fmt);
393 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), &args);
396 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt);
398 void warn_slowpath_null(const char *file, int line)
400 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), NULL);
402 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_null);
405 #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
408 * Called when gcc's -fstack-protector feature is used, and
409 * gcc detects corruption of the on-stack canary value
411 void __stack_chk_fail(void)
413 panic("stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: %p\n",
414 __builtin_return_address(0));
416 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__stack_chk_fail);
420 core_param(panic, panic_timeout, int, 0644);
421 core_param(pause_on_oops, pause_on_oops, int, 0644);