4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
6 * published by the Free Software Foundation. See README and COPYING for
10 #include <linux/types.h>
11 #include <linux/ctype.h>
12 #include <linux/kernel.h>
13 #include <linux/export.h>
15 const char hex_asc[] = "0123456789abcdef";
16 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_asc);
17 const char hex_asc_upper[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
18 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_asc_upper);
21 * hex_to_bin - convert a hex digit to its real value
22 * @ch: ascii character represents hex digit
24 * hex_to_bin() converts one hex digit to its actual value or -1 in case of bad
27 int hex_to_bin(char ch)
29 if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9'))
32 if ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'f'))
36 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_to_bin);
39 * hex2bin - convert an ascii hexadecimal string to its binary representation
41 * @src: ascii hexadecimal string
42 * @count: result length
44 * Return 0 on success, -1 in case of bad input.
46 int hex2bin(u8 *dst, const char *src, size_t count)
49 int hi = hex_to_bin(*src++);
50 int lo = hex_to_bin(*src++);
52 if ((hi < 0) || (lo < 0))
55 *dst++ = (hi << 4) | lo;
59 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex2bin);
62 * hex_dump_to_buffer - convert a blob of data to "hex ASCII" in memory
63 * @buf: data blob to dump
64 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
65 * @rowsize: number of bytes to print per line; must be 16 or 32
66 * @groupsize: number of bytes to print at a time (1, 2, 4, 8; default = 1)
67 * @linebuf: where to put the converted data
68 * @linebuflen: total size of @linebuf, including space for terminating NUL
69 * @ascii: include ASCII after the hex output
71 * hex_dump_to_buffer() works on one "line" of output at a time, i.e.,
72 * 16 or 32 bytes of input data converted to hex + ASCII output.
74 * Given a buffer of u8 data, hex_dump_to_buffer() converts the input data
75 * to a hex + ASCII dump at the supplied memory location.
76 * The converted output is always NUL-terminated.
79 * hex_dump_to_buffer(frame->data, frame->len, 16, 1,
80 * linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), true);
82 * example output buffer:
83 * 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
85 void hex_dump_to_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, int rowsize,
86 int groupsize, char *linebuf, size_t linebuflen,
94 if (rowsize != 16 && rowsize != 32)
99 if (len > rowsize) /* limit to one line at a time */
101 if ((len % groupsize) != 0) /* no mixed size output */
106 const u64 *ptr8 = buf;
107 int ngroups = len / groupsize;
109 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++)
110 lx += scnprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
111 "%s%16.16llx", j ? " " : "",
112 (unsigned long long)*(ptr8 + j));
113 ascii_column = 17 * ngroups + 2;
118 const u32 *ptr4 = buf;
119 int ngroups = len / groupsize;
121 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++)
122 lx += scnprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
123 "%s%8.8x", j ? " " : "", *(ptr4 + j));
124 ascii_column = 9 * ngroups + 2;
129 const u16 *ptr2 = buf;
130 int ngroups = len / groupsize;
132 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++)
133 lx += scnprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
134 "%s%4.4x", j ? " " : "", *(ptr2 + j));
135 ascii_column = 5 * ngroups + 2;
140 for (j = 0; (j < len) && (lx + 3) <= linebuflen; j++) {
142 linebuf[lx++] = hex_asc_hi(ch);
143 linebuf[lx++] = hex_asc_lo(ch);
149 ascii_column = 3 * rowsize + 2;
155 while (lx < (linebuflen - 1) && lx < (ascii_column - 1))
157 for (j = 0; (j < len) && (lx + 2) < linebuflen; j++) {
159 linebuf[lx++] = (isascii(ch) && isprint(ch)) ? ch : '.';
162 linebuf[lx++] = '\0';
164 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_dump_to_buffer);
168 * print_hex_dump - print a text hex dump to syslog for a binary blob of data
169 * @level: kernel log level (e.g. KERN_DEBUG)
170 * @prefix_str: string to prefix each line with;
171 * caller supplies trailing spaces for alignment if desired
172 * @prefix_type: controls whether prefix of an offset, address, or none
173 * is printed (%DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS, %DUMP_PREFIX_NONE)
174 * @rowsize: number of bytes to print per line; must be 16 or 32
175 * @groupsize: number of bytes to print at a time (1, 2, 4, 8; default = 1)
176 * @buf: data blob to dump
177 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
178 * @ascii: include ASCII after the hex output
180 * Given a buffer of u8 data, print_hex_dump() prints a hex + ASCII dump
181 * to the kernel log at the specified kernel log level, with an optional
184 * print_hex_dump() works on one "line" of output at a time, i.e.,
185 * 16 or 32 bytes of input data converted to hex + ASCII output.
186 * print_hex_dump() iterates over the entire input @buf, breaking it into
187 * "line size" chunks to format and print.
190 * print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, "raw data: ", DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS,
191 * 16, 1, frame->data, frame->len, true);
193 * Example output using %DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET and 1-byte mode:
194 * 0009ab42: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
195 * Example output using %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS and 4-byte mode:
196 * ffffffff88089af0: 73727170 77767574 7b7a7978 7f7e7d7c pqrstuvwxyz{|}~.
198 void print_hex_dump(const char *level, const char *prefix_str, int prefix_type,
199 int rowsize, int groupsize,
200 const void *buf, size_t len, bool ascii)
203 int i, linelen, remaining = len;
204 unsigned char linebuf[32 * 3 + 2 + 32 + 1];
206 if (rowsize != 16 && rowsize != 32)
209 for (i = 0; i < len; i += rowsize) {
210 linelen = min(remaining, rowsize);
211 remaining -= rowsize;
213 hex_dump_to_buffer(ptr + i, linelen, rowsize, groupsize,
214 linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), ascii);
216 switch (prefix_type) {
217 case DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS:
218 printk("%s%s%p: %s\n",
219 level, prefix_str, ptr + i, linebuf);
221 case DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET:
222 printk("%s%s%.8x: %s\n", level, prefix_str, i, linebuf);
225 printk("%s%s%s\n", level, prefix_str, linebuf);
230 EXPORT_SYMBOL(print_hex_dump);
232 #if !defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG)
234 * print_hex_dump_bytes - shorthand form of print_hex_dump() with default params
235 * @prefix_str: string to prefix each line with;
236 * caller supplies trailing spaces for alignment if desired
237 * @prefix_type: controls whether prefix of an offset, address, or none
238 * is printed (%DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS, %DUMP_PREFIX_NONE)
239 * @buf: data blob to dump
240 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
242 * Calls print_hex_dump(), with log level of KERN_DEBUG,
243 * rowsize of 16, groupsize of 1, and ASCII output included.
245 void print_hex_dump_bytes(const char *prefix_str, int prefix_type,
246 const void *buf, size_t len)
248 print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, prefix_str, prefix_type, 16, 1,
251 EXPORT_SYMBOL(print_hex_dump_bytes);
252 #endif /* !defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG) */
253 #endif /* defined(CONFIG_PRINTK) */