1 config SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
3 depends on ARCH_SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
7 depends on SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
8 default DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_DEFAULT
9 default SPARSEMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_SPARSEMEM_DEFAULT
10 default FLATMEM_MANUAL
14 depends on !(ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE || ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || ARCH_FLATMEM_ENABLE
16 This option allows you to change some of the ways that
17 Linux manages its memory internally. Most users will
18 only have one option here: FLATMEM. This is normal
21 Some users of more advanced features like NUMA and
22 memory hotplug may have different options here.
23 DISCONTIGMEM is a more mature, better tested system,
24 but is incompatible with memory hotplug and may suffer
25 decreased performance over SPARSEMEM. If unsure between
26 "Sparse Memory" and "Discontiguous Memory", choose
27 "Discontiguous Memory".
29 If unsure, choose this option (Flat Memory) over any other.
31 config DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL
32 bool "Discontiguous Memory"
33 depends on ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE
35 This option provides enhanced support for discontiguous
36 memory systems, over FLATMEM. These systems have holes
37 in their physical address spaces, and this option provides
38 more efficient handling of these holes. However, the vast
39 majority of hardware has quite flat address spaces, and
40 can have degraded performance from the extra overhead that
43 Many NUMA configurations will have this as the only option.
45 If unsure, choose "Flat Memory" over this option.
47 config SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
49 depends on ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE
51 This will be the only option for some systems, including
52 memory hotplug systems. This is normal.
54 For many other systems, this will be an alternative to
55 "Discontiguous Memory". This option provides some potential
56 performance benefits, along with decreased code complexity,
57 but it is newer, and more experimental.
59 If unsure, choose "Discontiguous Memory" or "Flat Memory"
66 depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE) || DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL
70 depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
74 depends on (!DISCONTIGMEM && !SPARSEMEM) || FLATMEM_MANUAL
76 config FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
81 # Both the NUMA code and DISCONTIGMEM use arrays of pg_data_t's
82 # to represent different areas of memory. This variable allows
83 # those dependencies to exist individually.
85 config NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
87 depends on DISCONTIGMEM || NUMA
89 config HAVE_MEMORY_PRESENT
91 depends on ARCH_HAVE_MEMORY_PRESENT || SPARSEMEM
94 # SPARSEMEM_EXTREME (which is the default) does some bootmem
95 # allocations when memory_present() is called. If this cannot
96 # be done on your architecture, select this option. However,
97 # statically allocating the mem_section[] array can potentially
98 # consume vast quantities of .bss, so be careful.
100 # This option will also potentially produce smaller runtime code
101 # with gcc 3.4 and later.
103 config SPARSEMEM_STATIC
107 # Architecture platforms which require a two level mem_section in SPARSEMEM
108 # must select this option. This is usually for architecture platforms with
109 # an extremely sparse physical address space.
111 config SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
113 depends on SPARSEMEM && !SPARSEMEM_STATIC
115 config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
118 config SPARSEMEM_ALLOC_MEM_MAP_TOGETHER
120 depends on SPARSEMEM && X86_64
122 config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
123 bool "Sparse Memory virtual memmap"
124 depends on SPARSEMEM && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
127 SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP uses a virtually mapped memmap to optimise
128 pfn_to_page and page_to_pfn operations. This is the most
129 efficient option when sufficient kernel resources are available.
134 config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
137 config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_PHYS_MAP
140 config HAVE_GENERIC_RCU_GUP
143 config ARCH_DISCARD_MEMBLOCK
149 config MEMORY_ISOLATION
153 bool "Enable to assign a node which has only movable memory"
154 depends on HAVE_MEMBLOCK
155 depends on NO_BOOTMEM
160 Allow a node to have only movable memory. Pages used by the kernel,
161 such as direct mapping pages cannot be migrated. So the corresponding
162 memory device cannot be hotplugged. This option allows the following
164 - When the system is booting, node full of hotpluggable memory can
165 be arranged to have only movable memory so that the whole node can
166 be hot-removed. (need movable_node boot option specified).
167 - After the system is up, the option allows users to online all the
168 memory of a node as movable memory so that the whole node can be
171 Users who don't use the memory hotplug feature are fine with this
172 option on since they don't specify movable_node boot option or they
173 don't online memory as movable.
175 Say Y here if you want to hotplug a whole node.
176 Say N here if you want kernel to use memory on all nodes evenly.
179 # Only be set on architectures that have completely implemented memory hotplug
180 # feature. If you are not sure, don't touch it.
182 config HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE
185 # eventually, we can have this option just 'select SPARSEMEM'
186 config MEMORY_HOTPLUG
187 bool "Allow for memory hot-add"
188 depends on SPARSEMEM || X86_64_ACPI_NUMA
189 depends on ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
191 config MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE
193 depends on SPARSEMEM && MEMORY_HOTPLUG
195 config MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
196 bool "Allow for memory hot remove"
197 select MEMORY_ISOLATION
198 select HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE if (X86_64 || PPC64)
199 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
202 # Heavily threaded applications may benefit from splitting the mm-wide
203 # page_table_lock, so that faults on different parts of the user address
204 # space can be handled with less contention: split it at this NR_CPUS.
205 # Default to 4 for wider testing, though 8 might be more appropriate.
206 # ARM's adjust_pte (unused if VIPT) depends on mm-wide page_table_lock.
207 # PA-RISC 7xxx's spinlock_t would enlarge struct page from 32 to 44 bytes.
208 # DEBUG_SPINLOCK and DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC spinlock_t also enlarge struct page.
210 config SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS
212 default "999999" if !MMU
213 default "999999" if ARM && !CPU_CACHE_VIPT
214 default "999999" if PARISC && !PA20
217 config ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK
221 # support for memory balloon
222 config MEMORY_BALLOON
226 # support for memory balloon compaction
227 config BALLOON_COMPACTION
228 bool "Allow for balloon memory compaction/migration"
230 depends on COMPACTION && MEMORY_BALLOON
232 Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce
233 significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be
234 used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated
235 with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used
236 by the guest workload. Allowing the compaction & migration for memory
237 pages enlisted as being part of memory balloon devices avoids the
238 scenario aforementioned and helps improving memory defragmentation.
241 # support for memory compaction
243 bool "Allow for memory compaction"
248 Allows the compaction of memory for the allocation of huge pages.
251 # support for page migration
254 bool "Page migration"
256 depends on (NUMA || ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE || COMPACTION || CMA) && MMU
258 Allows the migration of the physical location of pages of processes
259 while the virtual addresses are not changed. This is useful in
260 two situations. The first is on NUMA systems to put pages nearer
261 to the processors accessing. The second is when allocating huge
262 pages as migration can relocate pages to satisfy a huge page
263 allocation instead of reclaiming.
265 config ARCH_ENABLE_HUGEPAGE_MIGRATION
268 config PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
269 def_bool 64BIT || ARCH_PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
273 default "0" if !ZONE_DMA
277 bool "Enable bounce buffers"
279 depends on BLOCK && MMU && (ZONE_DMA || HIGHMEM)
281 Enable bounce buffers for devices that cannot access
282 the full range of memory available to the CPU. Enabled
283 by default when ZONE_DMA or HIGHMEM is selected, but you
284 may say n to override this.
286 # On the 'tile' arch, USB OHCI needs the bounce pool since tilegx will often
287 # have more than 4GB of memory, but we don't currently use the IOTLB to present
288 # a 32-bit address to OHCI. So we need to use a bounce pool instead.
289 config NEED_BOUNCE_POOL
291 default y if TILE && USB_OHCI_HCD
302 An architecture should select this if it implements the
303 deprecated interface virt_to_bus(). All new architectures
304 should probably not select this.
312 bool "Enable KSM for page merging"
315 Enable Kernel Samepage Merging: KSM periodically scans those areas
316 of an application's address space that an app has advised may be
317 mergeable. When it finds pages of identical content, it replaces
318 the many instances by a single page with that content, so
319 saving memory until one or another app needs to modify the content.
320 Recommended for use with KVM, or with other duplicative applications.
321 See Documentation/vm/ksm.txt for more information: KSM is inactive
322 until a program has madvised that an area is MADV_MERGEABLE, and
323 root has set /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run to 1 (if CONFIG_SYSFS is set).
325 config DEFAULT_MMAP_MIN_ADDR
326 int "Low address space to protect from user allocation"
330 This is the portion of low virtual memory which should be protected
331 from userspace allocation. Keeping a user from writing to low pages
332 can help reduce the impact of kernel NULL pointer bugs.
334 For most ia64, ppc64 and x86 users with lots of address space
335 a value of 65536 is reasonable and should cause no problems.
336 On arm and other archs it should not be higher than 32768.
337 Programs which use vm86 functionality or have some need to map
338 this low address space will need CAP_SYS_RAWIO or disable this
339 protection by setting the value to 0.
341 This value can be changed after boot using the
342 /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr tunable.
344 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
347 config MEMORY_FAILURE
349 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
350 bool "Enable recovery from hardware memory errors"
351 select MEMORY_ISOLATION
354 Enables code to recover from some memory failures on systems
355 with MCA recovery. This allows a system to continue running
356 even when some of its memory has uncorrected errors. This requires
357 special hardware support and typically ECC memory.
359 config HWPOISON_INJECT
360 tristate "HWPoison pages injector"
361 depends on MEMORY_FAILURE && DEBUG_KERNEL && PROC_FS
362 select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
364 config NOMMU_INITIAL_TRIM_EXCESS
365 int "Turn on mmap() excess space trimming before booting"
369 The NOMMU mmap() frequently needs to allocate large contiguous chunks
370 of memory on which to store mappings, but it can only ask the system
371 allocator for chunks in 2^N*PAGE_SIZE amounts - which is frequently
372 more than it requires. To deal with this, mmap() is able to trim off
373 the excess and return it to the allocator.
375 If trimming is enabled, the excess is trimmed off and returned to the
376 system allocator, which can cause extra fragmentation, particularly
377 if there are a lot of transient processes.
379 If trimming is disabled, the excess is kept, but not used, which for
380 long-term mappings means that the space is wasted.
382 Trimming can be dynamically controlled through a sysctl option
383 (/proc/sys/vm/nr_trim_pages) which specifies the minimum number of
384 excess pages there must be before trimming should occur, or zero if
385 no trimming is to occur.
387 This option specifies the initial value of this option. The default
388 of 1 says that all excess pages should be trimmed.
390 See Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt for more information.
392 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
393 bool "Transparent Hugepage Support"
394 depends on HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
397 Transparent Hugepages allows the kernel to use huge pages and
398 huge tlb transparently to the applications whenever possible.
399 This feature can improve computing performance to certain
400 applications by speeding up page faults during memory
401 allocation, by reducing the number of tlb misses and by speeding
402 up the pagetable walking.
404 If memory constrained on embedded, you may want to say N.
407 prompt "Transparent Hugepage Support sysfs defaults"
408 depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
409 default TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
411 Selects the sysfs defaults for Transparent Hugepage Support.
413 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
416 Enabling Transparent Hugepage always, can increase the
417 memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
418 benefit but it will work automatically for all applications.
420 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_MADVISE
423 Enabling Transparent Hugepage madvise, will only provide a
424 performance improvement benefit to the applications using
425 madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) but it won't risk to increase the
426 memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
431 # UP and nommu archs use km based percpu allocator
433 config NEED_PER_CPU_KM
439 bool "Enable cleancache driver to cache clean pages if tmem is present"
442 Cleancache can be thought of as a page-granularity victim cache
443 for clean pages that the kernel's pageframe replacement algorithm
444 (PFRA) would like to keep around, but can't since there isn't enough
445 memory. So when the PFRA "evicts" a page, it first attempts to use
446 cleancache code to put the data contained in that page into
447 "transcendent memory", memory that is not directly accessible or
448 addressable by the kernel and is of unknown and possibly
449 time-varying size. And when a cleancache-enabled
450 filesystem wishes to access a page in a file on disk, it first
451 checks cleancache to see if it already contains it; if it does,
452 the page is copied into the kernel and a disk access is avoided.
453 When a transcendent memory driver is available (such as zcache or
454 Xen transcendent memory), a significant I/O reduction
455 may be achieved. When none is available, all cleancache calls
456 are reduced to a single pointer-compare-against-NULL resulting
457 in a negligible performance hit.
459 If unsure, say Y to enable cleancache
462 bool "Enable frontswap to cache swap pages if tmem is present"
466 Frontswap is so named because it can be thought of as the opposite
467 of a "backing" store for a swap device. The data is stored into
468 "transcendent memory", memory that is not directly accessible or
469 addressable by the kernel and is of unknown and possibly
470 time-varying size. When space in transcendent memory is available,
471 a significant swap I/O reduction may be achieved. When none is
472 available, all frontswap calls are reduced to a single pointer-
473 compare-against-NULL resulting in a negligible performance hit
474 and swap data is stored as normal on the matching swap device.
476 If unsure, say Y to enable frontswap.
479 bool "Contiguous Memory Allocator"
480 depends on HAVE_MEMBLOCK && MMU
482 select MEMORY_ISOLATION
484 This enables the Contiguous Memory Allocator which allows other
485 subsystems to allocate big physically-contiguous blocks of memory.
486 CMA reserves a region of memory and allows only movable pages to
487 be allocated from it. This way, the kernel can use the memory for
488 pagecache and when a subsystem requests for contiguous area, the
489 allocated pages are migrated away to serve the contiguous request.
494 bool "CMA debug messages (DEVELOPMENT)"
495 depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && CMA
497 Turns on debug messages in CMA. This produces KERN_DEBUG
498 messages for every CMA call as well as various messages while
499 processing calls such as dma_alloc_from_contiguous().
500 This option does not affect warning and error messages.
503 bool "CMA debugfs interface"
504 depends on CMA && DEBUG_FS
506 Turns on the DebugFS interface for CMA.
509 int "Maximum count of the CMA areas"
513 CMA allows to create CMA areas for particular purpose, mainly,
514 used as device private area. This parameter sets the maximum
515 number of CMA area in the system.
517 If unsure, leave the default value "7".
519 config MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
520 bool "Track memory changes"
521 depends on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE && HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY && PROC_FS
522 select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
524 This option enables memory changes tracking by introducing a
525 soft-dirty bit on pte-s. This bit it set when someone writes
526 into a page just as regular dirty bit, but unlike the latter
527 it can be cleared by hands.
529 See Documentation/vm/soft-dirty.txt for more details.
532 bool "Compressed cache for swap pages (EXPERIMENTAL)"
533 depends on FRONTSWAP && CRYPTO=y
538 A lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes
539 pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to
540 compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool.
541 This can result in a significant I/O reduction on swap device and,
542 in the case where decompressing from RAM is faster that swap device
543 reads, can also improve workload performance.
545 This is marked experimental because it is a new feature (as of
546 v3.11) that interacts heavily with memory reclaim. While these
547 interactions don't cause any known issues on simple memory setups,
548 they have not be fully explored on the large set of potential
549 configurations and workloads that exist.
552 tristate "Common API for compressed memory storage"
555 Compressed memory storage API. This allows using either zbud or
559 tristate "Low density storage for compressed pages"
562 A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.
563 It is designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical
564 page. While this design limits storage density, it has simple and
565 deterministic reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher
566 density approach when reclaim will be used.
569 tristate "Memory allocator for compressed pages"
573 zsmalloc is a slab-based memory allocator designed to store
574 compressed RAM pages. zsmalloc uses virtual memory mapping
575 in order to reduce fragmentation. However, this results in a
576 non-standard allocator interface where a handle, not a pointer, is
577 returned by an alloc(). This handle must be mapped in order to
578 access the allocated space.
580 config PGTABLE_MAPPING
581 bool "Use page table mapping to access object in zsmalloc"
584 By default, zsmalloc uses a copy-based object mapping method to
585 access allocations that span two pages. However, if a particular
586 architecture (ex, ARM) performs VM mapping faster than copying,
587 then you should select this. This causes zsmalloc to use page table
588 mapping rather than copying for object mapping.
590 You can check speed with zsmalloc benchmark:
591 https://github.com/spartacus06/zsmapbench
594 bool "Export zsmalloc statistics"
598 This option enables code in the zsmalloc to collect various
599 statistics about whats happening in zsmalloc and exports that
600 information to userspace via debugfs.
603 config GENERIC_EARLY_IOREMAP
606 config MAX_STACK_SIZE_MB
607 int "Maximum user stack size for 32-bit processes (MB)"
611 depends on STACK_GROWSUP && (!64BIT || COMPAT)
613 This is the maximum stack size in Megabytes in the VM layout of 32-bit
614 user processes when the stack grows upwards (currently only on parisc
615 and metag arch). The stack will be located at the highest memory
616 address minus the given value, unless the RLIMIT_STACK hard limit is
617 changed to a smaller value in which case that is used.
619 A sane initial value is 80 MB.
621 # For architectures that support deferred memory initialisation
622 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
625 config DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
626 bool "Defer initialisation of struct pages to kthreads"
628 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
629 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
631 Ordinarily all struct pages are initialised during early boot in a
632 single thread. On very large machines this can take a considerable
633 amount of time. If this option is set, large machines will bring up
634 a subset of memmap at boot and then initialise the rest in parallel
635 by starting one-off "pgdatinitX" kernel thread for each node X. This
636 has a potential performance impact on processes running early in the
637 lifetime of the system until these kthreads finish the
640 config IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING
641 bool "Enable idle page tracking"
642 depends on SYSFS && MMU
643 select PAGE_EXTENSION if !64BIT
645 This feature allows to estimate the amount of user pages that have
646 not been touched during a given period of time. This information can
647 be useful to tune memory cgroup limits and/or for job placement
648 within a compute cluster.
650 See Documentation/vm/idle_page_tracking.txt for more details.
653 bool "Device memory (pmem, etc...) hotplug support" if EXPERT
654 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
655 depends on MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
656 depends on SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
657 depends on X86_64 #arch_add_memory() comprehends device memory
660 Device memory hotplug support allows for establishing pmem,
661 or other device driver discovered memory regions, in the
662 memmap. This allows pfn_to_page() lookups of otherwise
663 "device-physical" addresses which is needed for using a DAX
664 mapping in an O_DIRECT operation, among other things.
666 If FS_DAX is enabled, then say Y.
671 config ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS
673 config ARCH_HAS_PKEYS