4 * memory buffer pool support. Such pools are mostly used
5 * for guaranteed, deadlock-free memory allocations during
8 * started by Ingo Molnar, Copyright (C) 2001
9 * debugging by David Rientjes, Copyright (C) 2015
13 #include <linux/slab.h>
14 #include <linux/highmem.h>
15 #include <linux/kasan.h>
16 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
17 #include <linux/export.h>
18 #include <linux/mempool.h>
19 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
20 #include <linux/writeback.h>
23 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB) || defined(CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG_ON)
24 static void poison_error(mempool_t *pool, void *element, size_t size,
27 const int nr = pool->curr_nr;
28 const int start = max_t(int, byte - (BITS_PER_LONG / 8), 0);
29 const int end = min_t(int, byte + (BITS_PER_LONG / 8), size);
32 pr_err("BUG: mempool element poison mismatch\n");
33 pr_err("Mempool %p size %zu\n", pool, size);
34 pr_err(" nr=%d @ %p: %s0x", nr, element, start > 0 ? "... " : "");
35 for (i = start; i < end; i++)
36 pr_cont("%x ", *(u8 *)(element + i));
37 pr_cont("%s\n", end < size ? "..." : "");
41 static void __check_element(mempool_t *pool, void *element, size_t size)
46 for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
47 u8 exp = (i < size - 1) ? POISON_FREE : POISON_END;
50 poison_error(pool, element, size, i);
54 memset(obj, POISON_INUSE, size);
57 static void check_element(mempool_t *pool, void *element)
59 /* Mempools backed by slab allocator */
60 if (pool->free == mempool_free_slab || pool->free == mempool_kfree)
61 __check_element(pool, element, ksize(element));
63 /* Mempools backed by page allocator */
64 if (pool->free == mempool_free_pages) {
65 int order = (int)(long)pool->pool_data;
66 void *addr = kmap_atomic((struct page *)element);
68 __check_element(pool, addr, 1UL << (PAGE_SHIFT + order));
73 static void __poison_element(void *element, size_t size)
77 memset(obj, POISON_FREE, size - 1);
78 obj[size - 1] = POISON_END;
81 static void poison_element(mempool_t *pool, void *element)
83 /* Mempools backed by slab allocator */
84 if (pool->alloc == mempool_alloc_slab || pool->alloc == mempool_kmalloc)
85 __poison_element(element, ksize(element));
87 /* Mempools backed by page allocator */
88 if (pool->alloc == mempool_alloc_pages) {
89 int order = (int)(long)pool->pool_data;
90 void *addr = kmap_atomic((struct page *)element);
92 __poison_element(addr, 1UL << (PAGE_SHIFT + order));
96 #else /* CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB || CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG_ON */
97 static inline void check_element(mempool_t *pool, void *element)
100 static inline void poison_element(mempool_t *pool, void *element)
103 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB || CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG_ON */
105 static void kasan_poison_element(mempool_t *pool, void *element)
107 if (pool->alloc == mempool_alloc_slab || pool->alloc == mempool_kmalloc)
108 kasan_poison_kfree(element);
109 if (pool->alloc == mempool_alloc_pages)
110 kasan_free_pages(element, (unsigned long)pool->pool_data);
113 static void kasan_unpoison_element(mempool_t *pool, void *element, gfp_t flags)
115 if (pool->alloc == mempool_alloc_slab || pool->alloc == mempool_kmalloc)
116 kasan_unpoison_slab(element);
117 if (pool->alloc == mempool_alloc_pages)
118 kasan_alloc_pages(element, (unsigned long)pool->pool_data);
121 static void add_element(mempool_t *pool, void *element)
123 BUG_ON(pool->curr_nr >= pool->min_nr);
124 poison_element(pool, element);
125 kasan_poison_element(pool, element);
126 pool->elements[pool->curr_nr++] = element;
129 static void *remove_element(mempool_t *pool, gfp_t flags)
131 void *element = pool->elements[--pool->curr_nr];
133 BUG_ON(pool->curr_nr < 0);
134 kasan_unpoison_element(pool, element, flags);
135 check_element(pool, element);
140 * mempool_destroy - deallocate a memory pool
141 * @pool: pointer to the memory pool which was allocated via
144 * Free all reserved elements in @pool and @pool itself. This function
145 * only sleeps if the free_fn() function sleeps.
147 void mempool_destroy(mempool_t *pool)
152 while (pool->curr_nr) {
153 void *element = remove_element(pool, GFP_KERNEL);
154 pool->free(element, pool->pool_data);
156 kfree(pool->elements);
159 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_destroy);
162 * mempool_create - create a memory pool
163 * @min_nr: the minimum number of elements guaranteed to be
164 * allocated for this pool.
165 * @alloc_fn: user-defined element-allocation function.
166 * @free_fn: user-defined element-freeing function.
167 * @pool_data: optional private data available to the user-defined functions.
169 * this function creates and allocates a guaranteed size, preallocated
170 * memory pool. The pool can be used from the mempool_alloc() and mempool_free()
171 * functions. This function might sleep. Both the alloc_fn() and the free_fn()
172 * functions might sleep - as long as the mempool_alloc() function is not called
175 mempool_t *mempool_create(int min_nr, mempool_alloc_t *alloc_fn,
176 mempool_free_t *free_fn, void *pool_data)
178 return mempool_create_node(min_nr,alloc_fn,free_fn, pool_data,
179 GFP_KERNEL, NUMA_NO_NODE);
181 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_create);
183 mempool_t *mempool_create_node(int min_nr, mempool_alloc_t *alloc_fn,
184 mempool_free_t *free_fn, void *pool_data,
185 gfp_t gfp_mask, int node_id)
188 pool = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*pool), gfp_mask, node_id);
191 pool->elements = kmalloc_node(min_nr * sizeof(void *),
193 if (!pool->elements) {
197 spin_lock_init(&pool->lock);
198 pool->min_nr = min_nr;
199 pool->pool_data = pool_data;
200 init_waitqueue_head(&pool->wait);
201 pool->alloc = alloc_fn;
202 pool->free = free_fn;
205 * First pre-allocate the guaranteed number of buffers.
207 while (pool->curr_nr < pool->min_nr) {
210 element = pool->alloc(gfp_mask, pool->pool_data);
211 if (unlikely(!element)) {
212 mempool_destroy(pool);
215 add_element(pool, element);
219 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_create_node);
222 * mempool_resize - resize an existing memory pool
223 * @pool: pointer to the memory pool which was allocated via
225 * @new_min_nr: the new minimum number of elements guaranteed to be
226 * allocated for this pool.
228 * This function shrinks/grows the pool. In the case of growing,
229 * it cannot be guaranteed that the pool will be grown to the new
230 * size immediately, but new mempool_free() calls will refill it.
231 * This function may sleep.
233 * Note, the caller must guarantee that no mempool_destroy is called
234 * while this function is running. mempool_alloc() & mempool_free()
235 * might be called (eg. from IRQ contexts) while this function executes.
237 int mempool_resize(mempool_t *pool, int new_min_nr)
243 BUG_ON(new_min_nr <= 0);
246 spin_lock_irqsave(&pool->lock, flags);
247 if (new_min_nr <= pool->min_nr) {
248 while (new_min_nr < pool->curr_nr) {
249 element = remove_element(pool, GFP_KERNEL);
250 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
251 pool->free(element, pool->pool_data);
252 spin_lock_irqsave(&pool->lock, flags);
254 pool->min_nr = new_min_nr;
257 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
260 new_elements = kmalloc_array(new_min_nr, sizeof(*new_elements),
265 spin_lock_irqsave(&pool->lock, flags);
266 if (unlikely(new_min_nr <= pool->min_nr)) {
267 /* Raced, other resize will do our work */
268 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
272 memcpy(new_elements, pool->elements,
273 pool->curr_nr * sizeof(*new_elements));
274 kfree(pool->elements);
275 pool->elements = new_elements;
276 pool->min_nr = new_min_nr;
278 while (pool->curr_nr < pool->min_nr) {
279 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
280 element = pool->alloc(GFP_KERNEL, pool->pool_data);
283 spin_lock_irqsave(&pool->lock, flags);
284 if (pool->curr_nr < pool->min_nr) {
285 add_element(pool, element);
287 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
288 pool->free(element, pool->pool_data); /* Raced */
293 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
297 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_resize);
300 * mempool_alloc - allocate an element from a specific memory pool
301 * @pool: pointer to the memory pool which was allocated via
303 * @gfp_mask: the usual allocation bitmask.
305 * this function only sleeps if the alloc_fn() function sleeps or
306 * returns NULL. Note that due to preallocation, this function
307 * *never* fails when called from process contexts. (it might
308 * fail if called from an IRQ context.)
309 * Note: using __GFP_ZERO is not supported.
311 void *mempool_alloc(mempool_t *pool, gfp_t gfp_mask)
318 VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(gfp_mask & __GFP_ZERO);
319 might_sleep_if(gfp_mask & __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM);
321 gfp_mask |= __GFP_NOMEMALLOC; /* don't allocate emergency reserves */
322 gfp_mask |= __GFP_NORETRY; /* don't loop in __alloc_pages */
323 gfp_mask |= __GFP_NOWARN; /* failures are OK */
325 gfp_temp = gfp_mask & ~(__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM|__GFP_IO);
329 element = pool->alloc(gfp_temp, pool->pool_data);
330 if (likely(element != NULL))
333 spin_lock_irqsave(&pool->lock, flags);
334 if (likely(pool->curr_nr)) {
335 element = remove_element(pool, gfp_temp);
336 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
337 /* paired with rmb in mempool_free(), read comment there */
340 * Update the allocation stack trace as this is more useful
343 kmemleak_update_trace(element);
348 * We use gfp mask w/o direct reclaim or IO for the first round. If
349 * alloc failed with that and @pool was empty, retry immediately.
351 if (gfp_temp != gfp_mask) {
352 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
357 /* We must not sleep if !__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM */
358 if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM)) {
359 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
363 /* Let's wait for someone else to return an element to @pool */
365 prepare_to_wait(&pool->wait, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
367 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
370 * FIXME: this should be io_schedule(). The timeout is there as a
371 * workaround for some DM problems in 2.6.18.
373 io_schedule_timeout(5*HZ);
375 finish_wait(&pool->wait, &wait);
378 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_alloc);
381 * mempool_free - return an element to the pool.
382 * @element: pool element pointer.
383 * @pool: pointer to the memory pool which was allocated via
386 * this function only sleeps if the free_fn() function sleeps.
388 void mempool_free(void *element, mempool_t *pool)
392 if (unlikely(element == NULL))
396 * Paired with the wmb in mempool_alloc(). The preceding read is
397 * for @element and the following @pool->curr_nr. This ensures
398 * that the visible value of @pool->curr_nr is from after the
399 * allocation of @element. This is necessary for fringe cases
400 * where @element was passed to this task without going through
403 * For example, assume @p is %NULL at the beginning and one task
404 * performs "p = mempool_alloc(...);" while another task is doing
405 * "while (!p) cpu_relax(); mempool_free(p, ...);". This function
406 * may end up using curr_nr value which is from before allocation
407 * of @p without the following rmb.
412 * For correctness, we need a test which is guaranteed to trigger
413 * if curr_nr + #allocated == min_nr. Testing curr_nr < min_nr
414 * without locking achieves that and refilling as soon as possible
417 * Because curr_nr visible here is always a value after the
418 * allocation of @element, any task which decremented curr_nr below
419 * min_nr is guaranteed to see curr_nr < min_nr unless curr_nr gets
420 * incremented to min_nr afterwards. If curr_nr gets incremented
421 * to min_nr after the allocation of @element, the elements
422 * allocated after that are subject to the same guarantee.
424 * Waiters happen iff curr_nr is 0 and the above guarantee also
425 * ensures that there will be frees which return elements to the
426 * pool waking up the waiters.
428 if (unlikely(pool->curr_nr < pool->min_nr)) {
429 spin_lock_irqsave(&pool->lock, flags);
430 if (likely(pool->curr_nr < pool->min_nr)) {
431 add_element(pool, element);
432 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
433 wake_up(&pool->wait);
436 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool->lock, flags);
438 pool->free(element, pool->pool_data);
440 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_free);
443 * A commonly used alloc and free fn.
445 void *mempool_alloc_slab(gfp_t gfp_mask, void *pool_data)
447 struct kmem_cache *mem = pool_data;
448 VM_BUG_ON(mem->ctor);
449 return kmem_cache_alloc(mem, gfp_mask);
451 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_alloc_slab);
453 void mempool_free_slab(void *element, void *pool_data)
455 struct kmem_cache *mem = pool_data;
456 kmem_cache_free(mem, element);
458 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_free_slab);
461 * A commonly used alloc and free fn that kmalloc/kfrees the amount of memory
462 * specified by pool_data
464 void *mempool_kmalloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, void *pool_data)
466 size_t size = (size_t)pool_data;
467 return kmalloc(size, gfp_mask);
469 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_kmalloc);
471 void mempool_kfree(void *element, void *pool_data)
475 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_kfree);
478 * A simple mempool-backed page allocator that allocates pages
479 * of the order specified by pool_data.
481 void *mempool_alloc_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, void *pool_data)
483 int order = (int)(long)pool_data;
484 return alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order);
486 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_alloc_pages);
488 void mempool_free_pages(void *element, void *pool_data)
490 int order = (int)(long)pool_data;
491 __free_pages(element, order);
493 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mempool_free_pages);