2 * SLUB: A slab allocator that limits cache line use instead of queuing
3 * objects in per cpu and per node lists.
5 * The allocator synchronizes using per slab locks and only
6 * uses a centralized lock to manage a pool of partial slabs.
8 * (C) 2007 SGI, Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
12 #include <linux/module.h>
13 #include <linux/bit_spinlock.h>
14 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
15 #include <linux/bitops.h>
16 #include <linux/slab.h>
17 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
18 #include <linux/cpu.h>
19 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
20 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
21 #include <linux/ctype.h>
22 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
23 #include <linux/memory.h>
30 * The slab_lock protects operations on the object of a particular
31 * slab and its metadata in the page struct. If the slab lock
32 * has been taken then no allocations nor frees can be performed
33 * on the objects in the slab nor can the slab be added or removed
34 * from the partial or full lists since this would mean modifying
35 * the page_struct of the slab.
37 * The list_lock protects the partial and full list on each node and
38 * the partial slab counter. If taken then no new slabs may be added or
39 * removed from the lists nor make the number of partial slabs be modified.
40 * (Note that the total number of slabs is an atomic value that may be
41 * modified without taking the list lock).
43 * The list_lock is a centralized lock and thus we avoid taking it as
44 * much as possible. As long as SLUB does not have to handle partial
45 * slabs, operations can continue without any centralized lock. F.e.
46 * allocating a long series of objects that fill up slabs does not require
49 * The lock order is sometimes inverted when we are trying to get a slab
50 * off a list. We take the list_lock and then look for a page on the list
51 * to use. While we do that objects in the slabs may be freed. We can
52 * only operate on the slab if we have also taken the slab_lock. So we use
53 * a slab_trylock() on the slab. If trylock was successful then no frees
54 * can occur anymore and we can use the slab for allocations etc. If the
55 * slab_trylock() does not succeed then frees are in progress in the slab and
56 * we must stay away from it for a while since we may cause a bouncing
57 * cacheline if we try to acquire the lock. So go onto the next slab.
58 * If all pages are busy then we may allocate a new slab instead of reusing
59 * a partial slab. A new slab has noone operating on it and thus there is
60 * no danger of cacheline contention.
62 * Interrupts are disabled during allocation and deallocation in order to
63 * make the slab allocator safe to use in the context of an irq. In addition
64 * interrupts are disabled to ensure that the processor does not change
65 * while handling per_cpu slabs, due to kernel preemption.
67 * SLUB assigns one slab for allocation to each processor.
68 * Allocations only occur from these slabs called cpu slabs.
70 * Slabs with free elements are kept on a partial list and during regular
71 * operations no list for full slabs is used. If an object in a full slab is
72 * freed then the slab will show up again on the partial lists.
73 * We track full slabs for debugging purposes though because otherwise we
74 * cannot scan all objects.
76 * Slabs are freed when they become empty. Teardown and setup is
77 * minimal so we rely on the page allocators per cpu caches for
78 * fast frees and allocs.
80 * Overloading of page flags that are otherwise used for LRU management.
82 * PageActive The slab is frozen and exempt from list processing.
83 * This means that the slab is dedicated to a purpose
84 * such as satisfying allocations for a specific
85 * processor. Objects may be freed in the slab while
86 * it is frozen but slab_free will then skip the usual
87 * list operations. It is up to the processor holding
88 * the slab to integrate the slab into the slab lists
89 * when the slab is no longer needed.
91 * One use of this flag is to mark slabs that are
92 * used for allocations. Then such a slab becomes a cpu
93 * slab. The cpu slab may be equipped with an additional
94 * freelist that allows lockless access to
95 * free objects in addition to the regular freelist
96 * that requires the slab lock.
98 * PageError Slab requires special handling due to debug
99 * options set. This moves slab handling out of
100 * the fast path and disables lockless freelists.
103 #define FROZEN (1 << PG_active)
105 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG
106 #define SLABDEBUG (1 << PG_error)
111 static inline int SlabFrozen(struct page *page)
113 return page->flags & FROZEN;
116 static inline void SetSlabFrozen(struct page *page)
118 page->flags |= FROZEN;
121 static inline void ClearSlabFrozen(struct page *page)
123 page->flags &= ~FROZEN;
126 static inline int SlabDebug(struct page *page)
128 return page->flags & SLABDEBUG;
131 static inline void SetSlabDebug(struct page *page)
133 page->flags |= SLABDEBUG;
136 static inline void ClearSlabDebug(struct page *page)
138 page->flags &= ~SLABDEBUG;
142 * Issues still to be resolved:
144 * - Support PAGE_ALLOC_DEBUG. Should be easy to do.
146 * - Variable sizing of the per node arrays
149 /* Enable to test recovery from slab corruption on boot */
150 #undef SLUB_RESILIENCY_TEST
155 * Small page size. Make sure that we do not fragment memory
157 #define DEFAULT_MAX_ORDER 1
158 #define DEFAULT_MIN_OBJECTS 4
163 * Large page machines are customarily able to handle larger
166 #define DEFAULT_MAX_ORDER 2
167 #define DEFAULT_MIN_OBJECTS 8
172 * Mininum number of partial slabs. These will be left on the partial
173 * lists even if they are empty. kmem_cache_shrink may reclaim them.
175 #define MIN_PARTIAL 5
178 * Maximum number of desirable partial slabs.
179 * The existence of more partial slabs makes kmem_cache_shrink
180 * sort the partial list by the number of objects in the.
182 #define MAX_PARTIAL 10
184 #define DEBUG_DEFAULT_FLAGS (SLAB_DEBUG_FREE | SLAB_RED_ZONE | \
185 SLAB_POISON | SLAB_STORE_USER)
188 * Set of flags that will prevent slab merging
190 #define SLUB_NEVER_MERGE (SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_POISON | SLAB_STORE_USER | \
191 SLAB_TRACE | SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU)
193 #define SLUB_MERGE_SAME (SLAB_DEBUG_FREE | SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT | \
196 #ifndef ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN
197 #define ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN __alignof__(unsigned long long)
200 #ifndef ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN
201 #define ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN __alignof__(unsigned long long)
204 /* Internal SLUB flags */
205 #define __OBJECT_POISON 0x80000000 /* Poison object */
206 #define __SYSFS_ADD_DEFERRED 0x40000000 /* Not yet visible via sysfs */
207 #define __KMALLOC_CACHE 0x20000000 /* objects freed using kfree */
208 #define __PAGE_ALLOC_FALLBACK 0x10000000 /* Allow fallback to page alloc */
210 /* Not all arches define cache_line_size */
211 #ifndef cache_line_size
212 #define cache_line_size() L1_CACHE_BYTES
215 static int kmem_size = sizeof(struct kmem_cache);
218 static struct notifier_block slab_notifier;
222 DOWN, /* No slab functionality available */
223 PARTIAL, /* kmem_cache_open() works but kmalloc does not */
224 UP, /* Everything works but does not show up in sysfs */
228 /* A list of all slab caches on the system */
229 static DECLARE_RWSEM(slub_lock);
230 static LIST_HEAD(slab_caches);
233 * Tracking user of a slab.
236 void *addr; /* Called from address */
237 int cpu; /* Was running on cpu */
238 int pid; /* Pid context */
239 unsigned long when; /* When did the operation occur */
242 enum track_item { TRACK_ALLOC, TRACK_FREE };
244 #if defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG)
245 static int sysfs_slab_add(struct kmem_cache *);
246 static int sysfs_slab_alias(struct kmem_cache *, const char *);
247 static void sysfs_slab_remove(struct kmem_cache *);
250 static inline int sysfs_slab_add(struct kmem_cache *s) { return 0; }
251 static inline int sysfs_slab_alias(struct kmem_cache *s, const char *p)
253 static inline void sysfs_slab_remove(struct kmem_cache *s)
260 static inline void stat(struct kmem_cache_cpu *c, enum stat_item si)
262 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_STATS
267 /********************************************************************
268 * Core slab cache functions
269 *******************************************************************/
271 int slab_is_available(void)
273 return slab_state >= UP;
276 static inline struct kmem_cache_node *get_node(struct kmem_cache *s, int node)
279 return s->node[node];
281 return &s->local_node;
285 static inline struct kmem_cache_cpu *get_cpu_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, int cpu)
288 return s->cpu_slab[cpu];
294 /* Verify that a pointer has an address that is valid within a slab page */
295 static inline int check_valid_pointer(struct kmem_cache *s,
296 struct page *page, const void *object)
303 base = page_address(page);
304 if (object < base || object >= base + page->objects * s->size ||
305 (object - base) % s->size) {
313 * Slow version of get and set free pointer.
315 * This version requires touching the cache lines of kmem_cache which
316 * we avoid to do in the fast alloc free paths. There we obtain the offset
317 * from the page struct.
319 static inline void *get_freepointer(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object)
321 return *(void **)(object + s->offset);
324 static inline void set_freepointer(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object, void *fp)
326 *(void **)(object + s->offset) = fp;
329 /* Loop over all objects in a slab */
330 #define for_each_object(__p, __s, __addr, __objects) \
331 for (__p = (__addr); __p < (__addr) + (__objects) * (__s)->size;\
335 #define for_each_free_object(__p, __s, __free) \
336 for (__p = (__free); __p; __p = get_freepointer((__s), __p))
338 /* Determine object index from a given position */
339 static inline int slab_index(void *p, struct kmem_cache *s, void *addr)
341 return (p - addr) / s->size;
344 static inline struct kmem_cache_order_objects oo_make(int order,
347 struct kmem_cache_order_objects x = {
348 (order << 16) + (PAGE_SIZE << order) / size
354 static inline int oo_order(struct kmem_cache_order_objects x)
359 static inline int oo_objects(struct kmem_cache_order_objects x)
361 return x.x & ((1 << 16) - 1);
364 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG
368 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG_ON
369 static int slub_debug = DEBUG_DEFAULT_FLAGS;
371 static int slub_debug;
374 static char *slub_debug_slabs;
379 static void print_section(char *text, u8 *addr, unsigned int length)
387 for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
389 printk(KERN_ERR "%8s 0x%p: ", text, addr + i);
392 printk(KERN_CONT " %02x", addr[i]);
394 ascii[offset] = isgraph(addr[i]) ? addr[i] : '.';
396 printk(KERN_CONT " %s\n", ascii);
403 printk(KERN_CONT " ");
407 printk(KERN_CONT " %s\n", ascii);
411 static struct track *get_track(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object,
412 enum track_item alloc)
417 p = object + s->offset + sizeof(void *);
419 p = object + s->inuse;
424 static void set_track(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object,
425 enum track_item alloc, void *addr)
430 p = object + s->offset + sizeof(void *);
432 p = object + s->inuse;
437 p->cpu = smp_processor_id();
438 p->pid = current ? current->pid : -1;
441 memset(p, 0, sizeof(struct track));
444 static void init_tracking(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object)
446 if (!(s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER))
449 set_track(s, object, TRACK_FREE, NULL);
450 set_track(s, object, TRACK_ALLOC, NULL);
453 static void print_track(const char *s, struct track *t)
458 printk(KERN_ERR "INFO: %s in ", s);
459 __print_symbol("%s", (unsigned long)t->addr);
460 printk(" age=%lu cpu=%u pid=%d\n", jiffies - t->when, t->cpu, t->pid);
463 static void print_tracking(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object)
465 if (!(s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER))
468 print_track("Allocated", get_track(s, object, TRACK_ALLOC));
469 print_track("Freed", get_track(s, object, TRACK_FREE));
472 static void print_page_info(struct page *page)
474 printk(KERN_ERR "INFO: Slab 0x%p objects=%u used=%u fp=0x%p flags=0x%04lx\n",
475 page, page->objects, page->inuse, page->freelist, page->flags);
479 static void slab_bug(struct kmem_cache *s, char *fmt, ...)
485 vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
487 printk(KERN_ERR "========================================"
488 "=====================================\n");
489 printk(KERN_ERR "BUG %s: %s\n", s->name, buf);
490 printk(KERN_ERR "----------------------------------------"
491 "-------------------------------------\n\n");
494 static void slab_fix(struct kmem_cache *s, char *fmt, ...)
500 vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
502 printk(KERN_ERR "FIX %s: %s\n", s->name, buf);
505 static void print_trailer(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page, u8 *p)
507 unsigned int off; /* Offset of last byte */
508 u8 *addr = page_address(page);
510 print_tracking(s, p);
512 print_page_info(page);
514 printk(KERN_ERR "INFO: Object 0x%p @offset=%tu fp=0x%p\n\n",
515 p, p - addr, get_freepointer(s, p));
518 print_section("Bytes b4", p - 16, 16);
520 print_section("Object", p, min(s->objsize, 128));
522 if (s->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE)
523 print_section("Redzone", p + s->objsize,
524 s->inuse - s->objsize);
527 off = s->offset + sizeof(void *);
531 if (s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
532 off += 2 * sizeof(struct track);
535 /* Beginning of the filler is the free pointer */
536 print_section("Padding", p + off, s->size - off);
541 static void object_err(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
542 u8 *object, char *reason)
544 slab_bug(s, "%s", reason);
545 print_trailer(s, page, object);
548 static void slab_err(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page, char *fmt, ...)
554 vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
556 slab_bug(s, "%s", buf);
557 print_page_info(page);
561 static void init_object(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object, int active)
565 if (s->flags & __OBJECT_POISON) {
566 memset(p, POISON_FREE, s->objsize - 1);
567 p[s->objsize - 1] = POISON_END;
570 if (s->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE)
571 memset(p + s->objsize,
572 active ? SLUB_RED_ACTIVE : SLUB_RED_INACTIVE,
573 s->inuse - s->objsize);
576 static u8 *check_bytes(u8 *start, unsigned int value, unsigned int bytes)
579 if (*start != (u8)value)
587 static void restore_bytes(struct kmem_cache *s, char *message, u8 data,
588 void *from, void *to)
590 slab_fix(s, "Restoring 0x%p-0x%p=0x%x\n", from, to - 1, data);
591 memset(from, data, to - from);
594 static int check_bytes_and_report(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
595 u8 *object, char *what,
596 u8 *start, unsigned int value, unsigned int bytes)
601 fault = check_bytes(start, value, bytes);
606 while (end > fault && end[-1] == value)
609 slab_bug(s, "%s overwritten", what);
610 printk(KERN_ERR "INFO: 0x%p-0x%p. First byte 0x%x instead of 0x%x\n",
611 fault, end - 1, fault[0], value);
612 print_trailer(s, page, object);
614 restore_bytes(s, what, value, fault, end);
622 * Bytes of the object to be managed.
623 * If the freepointer may overlay the object then the free
624 * pointer is the first word of the object.
626 * Poisoning uses 0x6b (POISON_FREE) and the last byte is
629 * object + s->objsize
630 * Padding to reach word boundary. This is also used for Redzoning.
631 * Padding is extended by another word if Redzoning is enabled and
634 * We fill with 0xbb (RED_INACTIVE) for inactive objects and with
635 * 0xcc (RED_ACTIVE) for objects in use.
638 * Meta data starts here.
640 * A. Free pointer (if we cannot overwrite object on free)
641 * B. Tracking data for SLAB_STORE_USER
642 * C. Padding to reach required alignment boundary or at mininum
643 * one word if debugging is on to be able to detect writes
644 * before the word boundary.
646 * Padding is done using 0x5a (POISON_INUSE)
649 * Nothing is used beyond s->size.
651 * If slabcaches are merged then the objsize and inuse boundaries are mostly
652 * ignored. And therefore no slab options that rely on these boundaries
653 * may be used with merged slabcaches.
656 static int check_pad_bytes(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page, u8 *p)
658 unsigned long off = s->inuse; /* The end of info */
661 /* Freepointer is placed after the object. */
662 off += sizeof(void *);
664 if (s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
665 /* We also have user information there */
666 off += 2 * sizeof(struct track);
671 return check_bytes_and_report(s, page, p, "Object padding",
672 p + off, POISON_INUSE, s->size - off);
675 /* Check the pad bytes at the end of a slab page */
676 static int slab_pad_check(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page)
684 if (!(s->flags & SLAB_POISON))
687 start = page_address(page);
688 length = (PAGE_SIZE << compound_order(page));
689 end = start + length;
690 remainder = length % s->size;
694 fault = check_bytes(end - remainder, POISON_INUSE, remainder);
697 while (end > fault && end[-1] == POISON_INUSE)
700 slab_err(s, page, "Padding overwritten. 0x%p-0x%p", fault, end - 1);
701 print_section("Padding", end - remainder, remainder);
703 restore_bytes(s, "slab padding", POISON_INUSE, start, end);
707 static int check_object(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
708 void *object, int active)
711 u8 *endobject = object + s->objsize;
713 if (s->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
715 active ? SLUB_RED_ACTIVE : SLUB_RED_INACTIVE;
717 if (!check_bytes_and_report(s, page, object, "Redzone",
718 endobject, red, s->inuse - s->objsize))
721 if ((s->flags & SLAB_POISON) && s->objsize < s->inuse) {
722 check_bytes_and_report(s, page, p, "Alignment padding",
723 endobject, POISON_INUSE, s->inuse - s->objsize);
727 if (s->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
728 if (!active && (s->flags & __OBJECT_POISON) &&
729 (!check_bytes_and_report(s, page, p, "Poison", p,
730 POISON_FREE, s->objsize - 1) ||
731 !check_bytes_and_report(s, page, p, "Poison",
732 p + s->objsize - 1, POISON_END, 1)))
735 * check_pad_bytes cleans up on its own.
737 check_pad_bytes(s, page, p);
740 if (!s->offset && active)
742 * Object and freepointer overlap. Cannot check
743 * freepointer while object is allocated.
747 /* Check free pointer validity */
748 if (!check_valid_pointer(s, page, get_freepointer(s, p))) {
749 object_err(s, page, p, "Freepointer corrupt");
751 * No choice but to zap it and thus loose the remainder
752 * of the free objects in this slab. May cause
753 * another error because the object count is now wrong.
755 set_freepointer(s, p, NULL);
761 static int check_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page)
765 VM_BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
767 if (!PageSlab(page)) {
768 slab_err(s, page, "Not a valid slab page");
772 maxobj = (PAGE_SIZE << compound_order(page)) / s->size;
773 if (page->objects > maxobj) {
774 slab_err(s, page, "objects %u > max %u",
775 s->name, page->objects, maxobj);
778 if (page->inuse > page->objects) {
779 slab_err(s, page, "inuse %u > max %u",
780 s->name, page->inuse, page->objects);
783 /* Slab_pad_check fixes things up after itself */
784 slab_pad_check(s, page);
789 * Determine if a certain object on a page is on the freelist. Must hold the
790 * slab lock to guarantee that the chains are in a consistent state.
792 static int on_freelist(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page, void *search)
795 void *fp = page->freelist;
797 unsigned long max_objects;
799 while (fp && nr <= page->objects) {
802 if (!check_valid_pointer(s, page, fp)) {
804 object_err(s, page, object,
805 "Freechain corrupt");
806 set_freepointer(s, object, NULL);
809 slab_err(s, page, "Freepointer corrupt");
810 page->freelist = NULL;
811 page->inuse = page->objects;
812 slab_fix(s, "Freelist cleared");
818 fp = get_freepointer(s, object);
822 max_objects = (PAGE_SIZE << compound_order(page)) / s->size;
823 if (max_objects > 65535)
826 if (page->objects != max_objects) {
827 slab_err(s, page, "Wrong number of objects. Found %d but "
828 "should be %d", page->objects, max_objects);
829 page->objects = max_objects;
830 slab_fix(s, "Number of objects adjusted.");
832 if (page->inuse != page->objects - nr) {
833 slab_err(s, page, "Wrong object count. Counter is %d but "
834 "counted were %d", page->inuse, page->objects - nr);
835 page->inuse = page->objects - nr;
836 slab_fix(s, "Object count adjusted.");
838 return search == NULL;
841 static void trace(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page, void *object, int alloc)
843 if (s->flags & SLAB_TRACE) {
844 printk(KERN_INFO "TRACE %s %s 0x%p inuse=%d fp=0x%p\n",
846 alloc ? "alloc" : "free",
851 print_section("Object", (void *)object, s->objsize);
858 * Tracking of fully allocated slabs for debugging purposes.
860 static void add_full(struct kmem_cache_node *n, struct page *page)
862 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
863 list_add(&page->lru, &n->full);
864 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
867 static void remove_full(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page)
869 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
871 if (!(s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER))
874 n = get_node(s, page_to_nid(page));
876 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
877 list_del(&page->lru);
878 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
881 /* Tracking of the number of slabs for debugging purposes */
882 static inline unsigned long slabs_node(struct kmem_cache *s, int node)
884 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, node);
886 return atomic_long_read(&n->nr_slabs);
889 static inline void inc_slabs_node(struct kmem_cache *s, int node, int objects)
891 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, node);
894 * May be called early in order to allocate a slab for the
895 * kmem_cache_node structure. Solve the chicken-egg
896 * dilemma by deferring the increment of the count during
897 * bootstrap (see early_kmem_cache_node_alloc).
899 if (!NUMA_BUILD || n) {
900 atomic_long_inc(&n->nr_slabs);
901 atomic_long_add(objects, &n->total_objects);
904 static inline void dec_slabs_node(struct kmem_cache *s, int node, int objects)
906 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, node);
908 atomic_long_dec(&n->nr_slabs);
909 atomic_long_sub(objects, &n->total_objects);
912 /* Object debug checks for alloc/free paths */
913 static void setup_object_debug(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
916 if (!(s->flags & (SLAB_STORE_USER|SLAB_RED_ZONE|__OBJECT_POISON)))
919 init_object(s, object, 0);
920 init_tracking(s, object);
923 static int alloc_debug_processing(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
924 void *object, void *addr)
926 if (!check_slab(s, page))
929 if (!on_freelist(s, page, object)) {
930 object_err(s, page, object, "Object already allocated");
934 if (!check_valid_pointer(s, page, object)) {
935 object_err(s, page, object, "Freelist Pointer check fails");
939 if (!check_object(s, page, object, 0))
942 /* Success perform special debug activities for allocs */
943 if (s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
944 set_track(s, object, TRACK_ALLOC, addr);
945 trace(s, page, object, 1);
946 init_object(s, object, 1);
950 if (PageSlab(page)) {
952 * If this is a slab page then lets do the best we can
953 * to avoid issues in the future. Marking all objects
954 * as used avoids touching the remaining objects.
956 slab_fix(s, "Marking all objects used");
957 page->inuse = page->objects;
958 page->freelist = NULL;
963 static int free_debug_processing(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
964 void *object, void *addr)
966 if (!check_slab(s, page))
969 if (!check_valid_pointer(s, page, object)) {
970 slab_err(s, page, "Invalid object pointer 0x%p", object);
974 if (on_freelist(s, page, object)) {
975 object_err(s, page, object, "Object already free");
979 if (!check_object(s, page, object, 1))
982 if (unlikely(s != page->slab)) {
983 if (!PageSlab(page)) {
984 slab_err(s, page, "Attempt to free object(0x%p) "
985 "outside of slab", object);
986 } else if (!page->slab) {
988 "SLUB <none>: no slab for object 0x%p.\n",
992 object_err(s, page, object,
993 "page slab pointer corrupt.");
997 /* Special debug activities for freeing objects */
998 if (!SlabFrozen(page) && !page->freelist)
999 remove_full(s, page);
1000 if (s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
1001 set_track(s, object, TRACK_FREE, addr);
1002 trace(s, page, object, 0);
1003 init_object(s, object, 0);
1007 slab_fix(s, "Object at 0x%p not freed", object);
1011 static int __init setup_slub_debug(char *str)
1013 slub_debug = DEBUG_DEFAULT_FLAGS;
1014 if (*str++ != '=' || !*str)
1016 * No options specified. Switch on full debugging.
1022 * No options but restriction on slabs. This means full
1023 * debugging for slabs matching a pattern.
1030 * Switch off all debugging measures.
1035 * Determine which debug features should be switched on
1037 for (; *str && *str != ','; str++) {
1038 switch (tolower(*str)) {
1040 slub_debug |= SLAB_DEBUG_FREE;
1043 slub_debug |= SLAB_RED_ZONE;
1046 slub_debug |= SLAB_POISON;
1049 slub_debug |= SLAB_STORE_USER;
1052 slub_debug |= SLAB_TRACE;
1055 printk(KERN_ERR "slub_debug option '%c' "
1056 "unknown. skipped\n", *str);
1062 slub_debug_slabs = str + 1;
1067 __setup("slub_debug", setup_slub_debug);
1069 static unsigned long kmem_cache_flags(unsigned long objsize,
1070 unsigned long flags, const char *name,
1071 void (*ctor)(struct kmem_cache *, void *))
1074 * Enable debugging if selected on the kernel commandline.
1076 if (slub_debug && (!slub_debug_slabs ||
1077 strncmp(slub_debug_slabs, name, strlen(slub_debug_slabs)) == 0))
1078 flags |= slub_debug;
1083 static inline void setup_object_debug(struct kmem_cache *s,
1084 struct page *page, void *object) {}
1086 static inline int alloc_debug_processing(struct kmem_cache *s,
1087 struct page *page, void *object, void *addr) { return 0; }
1089 static inline int free_debug_processing(struct kmem_cache *s,
1090 struct page *page, void *object, void *addr) { return 0; }
1092 static inline int slab_pad_check(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page)
1094 static inline int check_object(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
1095 void *object, int active) { return 1; }
1096 static inline void add_full(struct kmem_cache_node *n, struct page *page) {}
1097 static inline unsigned long kmem_cache_flags(unsigned long objsize,
1098 unsigned long flags, const char *name,
1099 void (*ctor)(struct kmem_cache *, void *))
1103 #define slub_debug 0
1105 static inline unsigned long slabs_node(struct kmem_cache *s, int node)
1107 static inline void inc_slabs_node(struct kmem_cache *s, int node,
1109 static inline void dec_slabs_node(struct kmem_cache *s, int node,
1114 * Slab allocation and freeing
1116 static struct page *allocate_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags, int node)
1119 struct kmem_cache_order_objects oo = s->oo;
1120 int order = oo_order(oo);
1121 int pages = 1 << order;
1123 flags |= s->allocflags;
1126 page = alloc_pages(flags, order);
1128 page = alloc_pages_node(node, flags, order);
1133 page->objects = oo_objects(oo);
1134 mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(page),
1135 (s->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT) ?
1136 NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE : NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE,
1142 static void setup_object(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
1145 setup_object_debug(s, page, object);
1146 if (unlikely(s->ctor))
1150 static struct page *new_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags, int node)
1157 BUG_ON(flags & GFP_SLAB_BUG_MASK);
1159 page = allocate_slab(s,
1160 flags & (GFP_RECLAIM_MASK | GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK), node);
1164 inc_slabs_node(s, page_to_nid(page), page->objects);
1166 page->flags |= 1 << PG_slab;
1167 if (s->flags & (SLAB_DEBUG_FREE | SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_POISON |
1168 SLAB_STORE_USER | SLAB_TRACE))
1171 start = page_address(page);
1173 if (unlikely(s->flags & SLAB_POISON))
1174 memset(start, POISON_INUSE, PAGE_SIZE << compound_order(page));
1177 for_each_object(p, s, start, page->objects) {
1178 setup_object(s, page, last);
1179 set_freepointer(s, last, p);
1182 setup_object(s, page, last);
1183 set_freepointer(s, last, NULL);
1185 page->freelist = start;
1191 static void __free_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page)
1193 int order = compound_order(page);
1194 int pages = 1 << order;
1196 if (unlikely(SlabDebug(page))) {
1199 slab_pad_check(s, page);
1200 for_each_object(p, s, page_address(page),
1202 check_object(s, page, p, 0);
1203 ClearSlabDebug(page);
1206 mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(page),
1207 (s->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT) ?
1208 NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE : NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE,
1211 __ClearPageSlab(page);
1212 reset_page_mapcount(page);
1213 __free_pages(page, order);
1216 static void rcu_free_slab(struct rcu_head *h)
1220 page = container_of((struct list_head *)h, struct page, lru);
1221 __free_slab(page->slab, page);
1224 static void free_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page)
1226 if (unlikely(s->flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU)) {
1228 * RCU free overloads the RCU head over the LRU
1230 struct rcu_head *head = (void *)&page->lru;
1232 call_rcu(head, rcu_free_slab);
1234 __free_slab(s, page);
1237 static void discard_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page)
1239 dec_slabs_node(s, page_to_nid(page), page->objects);
1244 * Per slab locking using the pagelock
1246 static __always_inline void slab_lock(struct page *page)
1248 bit_spin_lock(PG_locked, &page->flags);
1251 static __always_inline void slab_unlock(struct page *page)
1253 __bit_spin_unlock(PG_locked, &page->flags);
1256 static __always_inline int slab_trylock(struct page *page)
1260 rc = bit_spin_trylock(PG_locked, &page->flags);
1265 * Management of partially allocated slabs
1267 static void add_partial(struct kmem_cache_node *n,
1268 struct page *page, int tail)
1270 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
1273 list_add_tail(&page->lru, &n->partial);
1275 list_add(&page->lru, &n->partial);
1276 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
1279 static void remove_partial(struct kmem_cache *s,
1282 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, page_to_nid(page));
1284 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
1285 list_del(&page->lru);
1287 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
1291 * Lock slab and remove from the partial list.
1293 * Must hold list_lock.
1295 static inline int lock_and_freeze_slab(struct kmem_cache_node *n, struct page *page)
1297 if (slab_trylock(page)) {
1298 list_del(&page->lru);
1300 SetSlabFrozen(page);
1307 * Try to allocate a partial slab from a specific node.
1309 static struct page *get_partial_node(struct kmem_cache_node *n)
1314 * Racy check. If we mistakenly see no partial slabs then we
1315 * just allocate an empty slab. If we mistakenly try to get a
1316 * partial slab and there is none available then get_partials()
1319 if (!n || !n->nr_partial)
1322 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
1323 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->partial, lru)
1324 if (lock_and_freeze_slab(n, page))
1328 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
1333 * Get a page from somewhere. Search in increasing NUMA distances.
1335 static struct page *get_any_partial(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags)
1338 struct zonelist *zonelist;
1343 * The defrag ratio allows a configuration of the tradeoffs between
1344 * inter node defragmentation and node local allocations. A lower
1345 * defrag_ratio increases the tendency to do local allocations
1346 * instead of attempting to obtain partial slabs from other nodes.
1348 * If the defrag_ratio is set to 0 then kmalloc() always
1349 * returns node local objects. If the ratio is higher then kmalloc()
1350 * may return off node objects because partial slabs are obtained
1351 * from other nodes and filled up.
1353 * If /sys/kernel/slab/xx/defrag_ratio is set to 100 (which makes
1354 * defrag_ratio = 1000) then every (well almost) allocation will
1355 * first attempt to defrag slab caches on other nodes. This means
1356 * scanning over all nodes to look for partial slabs which may be
1357 * expensive if we do it every time we are trying to find a slab
1358 * with available objects.
1360 if (!s->remote_node_defrag_ratio ||
1361 get_cycles() % 1024 > s->remote_node_defrag_ratio)
1364 zonelist = &NODE_DATA(
1365 slab_node(current->mempolicy))->node_zonelists[gfp_zone(flags)];
1366 for (z = zonelist->zones; *z; z++) {
1367 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
1369 n = get_node(s, zone_to_nid(*z));
1371 if (n && cpuset_zone_allowed_hardwall(*z, flags) &&
1372 n->nr_partial > MIN_PARTIAL) {
1373 page = get_partial_node(n);
1383 * Get a partial page, lock it and return it.
1385 static struct page *get_partial(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags, int node)
1388 int searchnode = (node == -1) ? numa_node_id() : node;
1390 page = get_partial_node(get_node(s, searchnode));
1391 if (page || (flags & __GFP_THISNODE))
1394 return get_any_partial(s, flags);
1398 * Move a page back to the lists.
1400 * Must be called with the slab lock held.
1402 * On exit the slab lock will have been dropped.
1404 static void unfreeze_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page, int tail)
1406 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, page_to_nid(page));
1407 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c = get_cpu_slab(s, smp_processor_id());
1409 ClearSlabFrozen(page);
1412 if (page->freelist) {
1413 add_partial(n, page, tail);
1414 stat(c, tail ? DEACTIVATE_TO_TAIL : DEACTIVATE_TO_HEAD);
1416 stat(c, DEACTIVATE_FULL);
1417 if (SlabDebug(page) && (s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER))
1422 stat(c, DEACTIVATE_EMPTY);
1423 if (n->nr_partial < MIN_PARTIAL) {
1425 * Adding an empty slab to the partial slabs in order
1426 * to avoid page allocator overhead. This slab needs
1427 * to come after the other slabs with objects in
1428 * so that the others get filled first. That way the
1429 * size of the partial list stays small.
1431 * kmem_cache_shrink can reclaim any empty slabs from the
1434 add_partial(n, page, 1);
1438 stat(get_cpu_slab(s, raw_smp_processor_id()), FREE_SLAB);
1439 discard_slab(s, page);
1445 * Remove the cpu slab
1447 static void deactivate_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, struct kmem_cache_cpu *c)
1449 struct page *page = c->page;
1453 stat(c, DEACTIVATE_REMOTE_FREES);
1455 * Merge cpu freelist into slab freelist. Typically we get here
1456 * because both freelists are empty. So this is unlikely
1459 while (unlikely(c->freelist)) {
1462 tail = 0; /* Hot objects. Put the slab first */
1464 /* Retrieve object from cpu_freelist */
1465 object = c->freelist;
1466 c->freelist = c->freelist[c->offset];
1468 /* And put onto the regular freelist */
1469 object[c->offset] = page->freelist;
1470 page->freelist = object;
1474 unfreeze_slab(s, page, tail);
1477 static inline void flush_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, struct kmem_cache_cpu *c)
1479 stat(c, CPUSLAB_FLUSH);
1481 deactivate_slab(s, c);
1487 * Called from IPI handler with interrupts disabled.
1489 static inline void __flush_cpu_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, int cpu)
1491 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c = get_cpu_slab(s, cpu);
1493 if (likely(c && c->page))
1497 static void flush_cpu_slab(void *d)
1499 struct kmem_cache *s = d;
1501 __flush_cpu_slab(s, smp_processor_id());
1504 static void flush_all(struct kmem_cache *s)
1507 on_each_cpu(flush_cpu_slab, s, 1, 1);
1509 unsigned long flags;
1511 local_irq_save(flags);
1513 local_irq_restore(flags);
1518 * Check if the objects in a per cpu structure fit numa
1519 * locality expectations.
1521 static inline int node_match(struct kmem_cache_cpu *c, int node)
1524 if (node != -1 && c->node != node)
1531 * Slow path. The lockless freelist is empty or we need to perform
1534 * Interrupts are disabled.
1536 * Processing is still very fast if new objects have been freed to the
1537 * regular freelist. In that case we simply take over the regular freelist
1538 * as the lockless freelist and zap the regular freelist.
1540 * If that is not working then we fall back to the partial lists. We take the
1541 * first element of the freelist as the object to allocate now and move the
1542 * rest of the freelist to the lockless freelist.
1544 * And if we were unable to get a new slab from the partial slab lists then
1545 * we need to allocate a new slab. This is the slowest path since it involves
1546 * a call to the page allocator and the setup of a new slab.
1548 static void *__slab_alloc(struct kmem_cache *s,
1549 gfp_t gfpflags, int node, void *addr, struct kmem_cache_cpu *c)
1554 /* We handle __GFP_ZERO in the caller */
1555 gfpflags &= ~__GFP_ZERO;
1561 if (unlikely(!node_match(c, node)))
1564 stat(c, ALLOC_REFILL);
1567 object = c->page->freelist;
1568 if (unlikely(!object))
1570 if (unlikely(SlabDebug(c->page)))
1573 c->freelist = object[c->offset];
1574 c->page->inuse = c->page->objects;
1575 c->page->freelist = NULL;
1576 c->node = page_to_nid(c->page);
1578 slab_unlock(c->page);
1579 stat(c, ALLOC_SLOWPATH);
1583 deactivate_slab(s, c);
1586 new = get_partial(s, gfpflags, node);
1589 stat(c, ALLOC_FROM_PARTIAL);
1593 if (gfpflags & __GFP_WAIT)
1596 new = new_slab(s, gfpflags, node);
1598 if (gfpflags & __GFP_WAIT)
1599 local_irq_disable();
1602 c = get_cpu_slab(s, smp_processor_id());
1603 stat(c, ALLOC_SLAB);
1613 * No memory available.
1615 * If the slab uses higher order allocs but the object is
1616 * smaller than a page size then we can fallback in emergencies
1617 * to the page allocator via kmalloc_large. The page allocator may
1618 * have failed to obtain a higher order page and we can try to
1619 * allocate a single page if the object fits into a single page.
1620 * That is only possible if certain conditions are met that are being
1621 * checked when a slab is created.
1623 if (!(gfpflags & __GFP_NORETRY) &&
1624 (s->flags & __PAGE_ALLOC_FALLBACK)) {
1625 if (gfpflags & __GFP_WAIT)
1627 object = kmalloc_large(s->objsize, gfpflags);
1628 if (gfpflags & __GFP_WAIT)
1629 local_irq_disable();
1634 if (!alloc_debug_processing(s, c->page, object, addr))
1638 c->page->freelist = object[c->offset];
1644 * Inlined fastpath so that allocation functions (kmalloc, kmem_cache_alloc)
1645 * have the fastpath folded into their functions. So no function call
1646 * overhead for requests that can be satisfied on the fastpath.
1648 * The fastpath works by first checking if the lockless freelist can be used.
1649 * If not then __slab_alloc is called for slow processing.
1651 * Otherwise we can simply pick the next object from the lockless free list.
1653 static __always_inline void *slab_alloc(struct kmem_cache *s,
1654 gfp_t gfpflags, int node, void *addr)
1657 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c;
1658 unsigned long flags;
1660 local_irq_save(flags);
1661 c = get_cpu_slab(s, smp_processor_id());
1662 if (unlikely(!c->freelist || !node_match(c, node)))
1664 object = __slab_alloc(s, gfpflags, node, addr, c);
1667 object = c->freelist;
1668 c->freelist = object[c->offset];
1669 stat(c, ALLOC_FASTPATH);
1671 local_irq_restore(flags);
1673 if (unlikely((gfpflags & __GFP_ZERO) && object))
1674 memset(object, 0, c->objsize);
1679 void *kmem_cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t gfpflags)
1681 return slab_alloc(s, gfpflags, -1, __builtin_return_address(0));
1683 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc);
1686 void *kmem_cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t gfpflags, int node)
1688 return slab_alloc(s, gfpflags, node, __builtin_return_address(0));
1690 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc_node);
1694 * Slow patch handling. This may still be called frequently since objects
1695 * have a longer lifetime than the cpu slabs in most processing loads.
1697 * So we still attempt to reduce cache line usage. Just take the slab
1698 * lock and free the item. If there is no additional partial page
1699 * handling required then we can return immediately.
1701 static void __slab_free(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
1702 void *x, void *addr, unsigned int offset)
1705 void **object = (void *)x;
1706 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c;
1708 c = get_cpu_slab(s, raw_smp_processor_id());
1709 stat(c, FREE_SLOWPATH);
1712 if (unlikely(SlabDebug(page)))
1716 prior = object[offset] = page->freelist;
1717 page->freelist = object;
1720 if (unlikely(SlabFrozen(page))) {
1721 stat(c, FREE_FROZEN);
1725 if (unlikely(!page->inuse))
1729 * Objects left in the slab. If it was not on the partial list before
1732 if (unlikely(!prior)) {
1733 add_partial(get_node(s, page_to_nid(page)), page, 1);
1734 stat(c, FREE_ADD_PARTIAL);
1744 * Slab still on the partial list.
1746 remove_partial(s, page);
1747 stat(c, FREE_REMOVE_PARTIAL);
1751 discard_slab(s, page);
1755 if (!free_debug_processing(s, page, x, addr))
1761 * Fastpath with forced inlining to produce a kfree and kmem_cache_free that
1762 * can perform fastpath freeing without additional function calls.
1764 * The fastpath is only possible if we are freeing to the current cpu slab
1765 * of this processor. This typically the case if we have just allocated
1768 * If fastpath is not possible then fall back to __slab_free where we deal
1769 * with all sorts of special processing.
1771 static __always_inline void slab_free(struct kmem_cache *s,
1772 struct page *page, void *x, void *addr)
1774 void **object = (void *)x;
1775 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c;
1776 unsigned long flags;
1778 local_irq_save(flags);
1779 c = get_cpu_slab(s, smp_processor_id());
1780 debug_check_no_locks_freed(object, c->objsize);
1781 if (likely(page == c->page && c->node >= 0)) {
1782 object[c->offset] = c->freelist;
1783 c->freelist = object;
1784 stat(c, FREE_FASTPATH);
1786 __slab_free(s, page, x, addr, c->offset);
1788 local_irq_restore(flags);
1791 void kmem_cache_free(struct kmem_cache *s, void *x)
1795 page = virt_to_head_page(x);
1797 slab_free(s, page, x, __builtin_return_address(0));
1799 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_free);
1801 /* Figure out on which slab object the object resides */
1802 static struct page *get_object_page(const void *x)
1804 struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(x);
1806 if (!PageSlab(page))
1813 * Object placement in a slab is made very easy because we always start at
1814 * offset 0. If we tune the size of the object to the alignment then we can
1815 * get the required alignment by putting one properly sized object after
1818 * Notice that the allocation order determines the sizes of the per cpu
1819 * caches. Each processor has always one slab available for allocations.
1820 * Increasing the allocation order reduces the number of times that slabs
1821 * must be moved on and off the partial lists and is therefore a factor in
1826 * Mininum / Maximum order of slab pages. This influences locking overhead
1827 * and slab fragmentation. A higher order reduces the number of partial slabs
1828 * and increases the number of allocations possible without having to
1829 * take the list_lock.
1831 static int slub_min_order;
1832 static int slub_max_order = DEFAULT_MAX_ORDER;
1833 static int slub_min_objects = DEFAULT_MIN_OBJECTS;
1836 * Merge control. If this is set then no merging of slab caches will occur.
1837 * (Could be removed. This was introduced to pacify the merge skeptics.)
1839 static int slub_nomerge;
1842 * Calculate the order of allocation given an slab object size.
1844 * The order of allocation has significant impact on performance and other
1845 * system components. Generally order 0 allocations should be preferred since
1846 * order 0 does not cause fragmentation in the page allocator. Larger objects
1847 * be problematic to put into order 0 slabs because there may be too much
1848 * unused space left. We go to a higher order if more than 1/8th of the slab
1851 * In order to reach satisfactory performance we must ensure that a minimum
1852 * number of objects is in one slab. Otherwise we may generate too much
1853 * activity on the partial lists which requires taking the list_lock. This is
1854 * less a concern for large slabs though which are rarely used.
1856 * slub_max_order specifies the order where we begin to stop considering the
1857 * number of objects in a slab as critical. If we reach slub_max_order then
1858 * we try to keep the page order as low as possible. So we accept more waste
1859 * of space in favor of a small page order.
1861 * Higher order allocations also allow the placement of more objects in a
1862 * slab and thereby reduce object handling overhead. If the user has
1863 * requested a higher mininum order then we start with that one instead of
1864 * the smallest order which will fit the object.
1866 static inline int slab_order(int size, int min_objects,
1867 int max_order, int fract_leftover)
1871 int min_order = slub_min_order;
1873 if ((PAGE_SIZE << min_order) / size > 65535)
1874 return get_order(size * 65535) - 1;
1876 for (order = max(min_order,
1877 fls(min_objects * size - 1) - PAGE_SHIFT);
1878 order <= max_order; order++) {
1880 unsigned long slab_size = PAGE_SIZE << order;
1882 if (slab_size < min_objects * size)
1885 rem = slab_size % size;
1887 if (rem <= slab_size / fract_leftover)
1895 static inline int calculate_order(int size)
1902 * Attempt to find best configuration for a slab. This
1903 * works by first attempting to generate a layout with
1904 * the best configuration and backing off gradually.
1906 * First we reduce the acceptable waste in a slab. Then
1907 * we reduce the minimum objects required in a slab.
1909 min_objects = slub_min_objects;
1910 while (min_objects > 1) {
1912 while (fraction >= 4) {
1913 order = slab_order(size, min_objects,
1914 slub_max_order, fraction);
1915 if (order <= slub_max_order)
1923 * We were unable to place multiple objects in a slab. Now
1924 * lets see if we can place a single object there.
1926 order = slab_order(size, 1, slub_max_order, 1);
1927 if (order <= slub_max_order)
1931 * Doh this slab cannot be placed using slub_max_order.
1933 order = slab_order(size, 1, MAX_ORDER, 1);
1934 if (order <= MAX_ORDER)
1940 * Figure out what the alignment of the objects will be.
1942 static unsigned long calculate_alignment(unsigned long flags,
1943 unsigned long align, unsigned long size)
1946 * If the user wants hardware cache aligned objects then follow that
1947 * suggestion if the object is sufficiently large.
1949 * The hardware cache alignment cannot override the specified
1950 * alignment though. If that is greater then use it.
1952 if (flags & SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN) {
1953 unsigned long ralign = cache_line_size();
1954 while (size <= ralign / 2)
1956 align = max(align, ralign);
1959 if (align < ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN)
1960 align = ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN;
1962 return ALIGN(align, sizeof(void *));
1965 static void init_kmem_cache_cpu(struct kmem_cache *s,
1966 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c)
1971 c->offset = s->offset / sizeof(void *);
1972 c->objsize = s->objsize;
1973 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_STATS
1974 memset(c->stat, 0, NR_SLUB_STAT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned));
1978 static void init_kmem_cache_node(struct kmem_cache_node *n)
1981 spin_lock_init(&n->list_lock);
1982 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&n->partial);
1983 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG
1984 atomic_long_set(&n->nr_slabs, 0);
1985 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&n->full);
1991 * Per cpu array for per cpu structures.
1993 * The per cpu array places all kmem_cache_cpu structures from one processor
1994 * close together meaning that it becomes possible that multiple per cpu
1995 * structures are contained in one cacheline. This may be particularly
1996 * beneficial for the kmalloc caches.
1998 * A desktop system typically has around 60-80 slabs. With 100 here we are
1999 * likely able to get per cpu structures for all caches from the array defined
2000 * here. We must be able to cover all kmalloc caches during bootstrap.
2002 * If the per cpu array is exhausted then fall back to kmalloc
2003 * of individual cachelines. No sharing is possible then.
2005 #define NR_KMEM_CACHE_CPU 100
2007 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kmem_cache_cpu,
2008 kmem_cache_cpu)[NR_KMEM_CACHE_CPU];
2010 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kmem_cache_cpu *, kmem_cache_cpu_free);
2011 static cpumask_t kmem_cach_cpu_free_init_once = CPU_MASK_NONE;
2013 static struct kmem_cache_cpu *alloc_kmem_cache_cpu(struct kmem_cache *s,
2014 int cpu, gfp_t flags)
2016 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c = per_cpu(kmem_cache_cpu_free, cpu);
2019 per_cpu(kmem_cache_cpu_free, cpu) =
2020 (void *)c->freelist;
2022 /* Table overflow: So allocate ourselves */
2024 ALIGN(sizeof(struct kmem_cache_cpu), cache_line_size()),
2025 flags, cpu_to_node(cpu));
2030 init_kmem_cache_cpu(s, c);
2034 static void free_kmem_cache_cpu(struct kmem_cache_cpu *c, int cpu)
2036 if (c < per_cpu(kmem_cache_cpu, cpu) ||
2037 c > per_cpu(kmem_cache_cpu, cpu) + NR_KMEM_CACHE_CPU) {
2041 c->freelist = (void *)per_cpu(kmem_cache_cpu_free, cpu);
2042 per_cpu(kmem_cache_cpu_free, cpu) = c;
2045 static void free_kmem_cache_cpus(struct kmem_cache *s)
2049 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
2050 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c = get_cpu_slab(s, cpu);
2053 s->cpu_slab[cpu] = NULL;
2054 free_kmem_cache_cpu(c, cpu);
2059 static int alloc_kmem_cache_cpus(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags)
2063 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
2064 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c = get_cpu_slab(s, cpu);
2069 c = alloc_kmem_cache_cpu(s, cpu, flags);
2071 free_kmem_cache_cpus(s);
2074 s->cpu_slab[cpu] = c;
2080 * Initialize the per cpu array.
2082 static void init_alloc_cpu_cpu(int cpu)
2086 if (cpu_isset(cpu, kmem_cach_cpu_free_init_once))
2089 for (i = NR_KMEM_CACHE_CPU - 1; i >= 0; i--)
2090 free_kmem_cache_cpu(&per_cpu(kmem_cache_cpu, cpu)[i], cpu);
2092 cpu_set(cpu, kmem_cach_cpu_free_init_once);
2095 static void __init init_alloc_cpu(void)
2099 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
2100 init_alloc_cpu_cpu(cpu);
2104 static inline void free_kmem_cache_cpus(struct kmem_cache *s) {}
2105 static inline void init_alloc_cpu(void) {}
2107 static inline int alloc_kmem_cache_cpus(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags)
2109 init_kmem_cache_cpu(s, &s->cpu_slab);
2116 * No kmalloc_node yet so do it by hand. We know that this is the first
2117 * slab on the node for this slabcache. There are no concurrent accesses
2120 * Note that this function only works on the kmalloc_node_cache
2121 * when allocating for the kmalloc_node_cache. This is used for bootstrapping
2122 * memory on a fresh node that has no slab structures yet.
2124 static struct kmem_cache_node *early_kmem_cache_node_alloc(gfp_t gfpflags,
2128 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2129 unsigned long flags;
2131 BUG_ON(kmalloc_caches->size < sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node));
2133 page = new_slab(kmalloc_caches, gfpflags, node);
2136 if (page_to_nid(page) != node) {
2137 printk(KERN_ERR "SLUB: Unable to allocate memory from "
2139 printk(KERN_ERR "SLUB: Allocating a useless per node structure "
2140 "in order to be able to continue\n");
2145 page->freelist = get_freepointer(kmalloc_caches, n);
2147 kmalloc_caches->node[node] = n;
2148 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG
2149 init_object(kmalloc_caches, n, 1);
2150 init_tracking(kmalloc_caches, n);
2152 init_kmem_cache_node(n);
2153 inc_slabs_node(kmalloc_caches, node, page->objects);
2156 * lockdep requires consistent irq usage for each lock
2157 * so even though there cannot be a race this early in
2158 * the boot sequence, we still disable irqs.
2160 local_irq_save(flags);
2161 add_partial(n, page, 0);
2162 local_irq_restore(flags);
2166 static void free_kmem_cache_nodes(struct kmem_cache *s)
2170 for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY) {
2171 struct kmem_cache_node *n = s->node[node];
2172 if (n && n != &s->local_node)
2173 kmem_cache_free(kmalloc_caches, n);
2174 s->node[node] = NULL;
2178 static int init_kmem_cache_nodes(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t gfpflags)
2183 if (slab_state >= UP)
2184 local_node = page_to_nid(virt_to_page(s));
2188 for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY) {
2189 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2191 if (local_node == node)
2194 if (slab_state == DOWN) {
2195 n = early_kmem_cache_node_alloc(gfpflags,
2199 n = kmem_cache_alloc_node(kmalloc_caches,
2203 free_kmem_cache_nodes(s);
2209 init_kmem_cache_node(n);
2214 static void free_kmem_cache_nodes(struct kmem_cache *s)
2218 static int init_kmem_cache_nodes(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t gfpflags)
2220 init_kmem_cache_node(&s->local_node);
2226 * calculate_sizes() determines the order and the distribution of data within
2229 static int calculate_sizes(struct kmem_cache *s)
2231 unsigned long flags = s->flags;
2232 unsigned long size = s->objsize;
2233 unsigned long align = s->align;
2237 * Round up object size to the next word boundary. We can only
2238 * place the free pointer at word boundaries and this determines
2239 * the possible location of the free pointer.
2241 size = ALIGN(size, sizeof(void *));
2243 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG
2245 * Determine if we can poison the object itself. If the user of
2246 * the slab may touch the object after free or before allocation
2247 * then we should never poison the object itself.
2249 if ((flags & SLAB_POISON) && !(flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU) &&
2251 s->flags |= __OBJECT_POISON;
2253 s->flags &= ~__OBJECT_POISON;
2257 * If we are Redzoning then check if there is some space between the
2258 * end of the object and the free pointer. If not then add an
2259 * additional word to have some bytes to store Redzone information.
2261 if ((flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) && size == s->objsize)
2262 size += sizeof(void *);
2266 * With that we have determined the number of bytes in actual use
2267 * by the object. This is the potential offset to the free pointer.
2271 if (((flags & (SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU | SLAB_POISON)) ||
2274 * Relocate free pointer after the object if it is not
2275 * permitted to overwrite the first word of the object on
2278 * This is the case if we do RCU, have a constructor or
2279 * destructor or are poisoning the objects.
2282 size += sizeof(void *);
2285 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG
2286 if (flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
2288 * Need to store information about allocs and frees after
2291 size += 2 * sizeof(struct track);
2293 if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE)
2295 * Add some empty padding so that we can catch
2296 * overwrites from earlier objects rather than let
2297 * tracking information or the free pointer be
2298 * corrupted if an user writes before the start
2301 size += sizeof(void *);
2305 * Determine the alignment based on various parameters that the
2306 * user specified and the dynamic determination of cache line size
2309 align = calculate_alignment(flags, align, s->objsize);
2312 * SLUB stores one object immediately after another beginning from
2313 * offset 0. In order to align the objects we have to simply size
2314 * each object to conform to the alignment.
2316 size = ALIGN(size, align);
2319 if ((flags & __KMALLOC_CACHE) &&
2320 PAGE_SIZE / size < slub_min_objects) {
2322 * Kmalloc cache that would not have enough objects in
2323 * an order 0 page. Kmalloc slabs can fallback to
2324 * page allocator order 0 allocs so take a reasonably large
2325 * order that will allows us a good number of objects.
2327 order = max(slub_max_order, PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER);
2328 s->flags |= __PAGE_ALLOC_FALLBACK;
2329 s->allocflags |= __GFP_NOWARN;
2331 order = calculate_order(size);
2338 s->allocflags |= __GFP_COMP;
2340 if (s->flags & SLAB_CACHE_DMA)
2341 s->allocflags |= SLUB_DMA;
2343 if (s->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
2344 s->allocflags |= __GFP_RECLAIMABLE;
2347 * Determine the number of objects per slab
2349 s->oo = oo_make(order, size);
2350 if (oo_objects(s->oo) > oo_objects(s->max))
2353 return !!oo_objects(s->oo);
2357 static int kmem_cache_open(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t gfpflags,
2358 const char *name, size_t size,
2359 size_t align, unsigned long flags,
2360 void (*ctor)(struct kmem_cache *, void *))
2362 memset(s, 0, kmem_size);
2367 s->flags = kmem_cache_flags(size, flags, name, ctor);
2369 if (!calculate_sizes(s))
2374 s->remote_node_defrag_ratio = 100;
2376 if (!init_kmem_cache_nodes(s, gfpflags & ~SLUB_DMA))
2379 if (alloc_kmem_cache_cpus(s, gfpflags & ~SLUB_DMA))
2381 free_kmem_cache_nodes(s);
2383 if (flags & SLAB_PANIC)
2384 panic("Cannot create slab %s size=%lu realsize=%u "
2385 "order=%u offset=%u flags=%lx\n",
2386 s->name, (unsigned long)size, s->size, oo_order(s->oo),
2392 * Check if a given pointer is valid
2394 int kmem_ptr_validate(struct kmem_cache *s, const void *object)
2398 page = get_object_page(object);
2400 if (!page || s != page->slab)
2401 /* No slab or wrong slab */
2404 if (!check_valid_pointer(s, page, object))
2408 * We could also check if the object is on the slabs freelist.
2409 * But this would be too expensive and it seems that the main
2410 * purpose of kmem_ptr_valid() is to check if the object belongs
2411 * to a certain slab.
2415 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_ptr_validate);
2418 * Determine the size of a slab object
2420 unsigned int kmem_cache_size(struct kmem_cache *s)
2424 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_size);
2426 const char *kmem_cache_name(struct kmem_cache *s)
2430 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_name);
2432 static void list_slab_objects(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
2435 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG
2436 void *addr = page_address(page);
2438 DECLARE_BITMAP(map, page->objects);
2440 bitmap_zero(map, page->objects);
2441 slab_err(s, page, "%s", text);
2443 for_each_free_object(p, s, page->freelist)
2444 set_bit(slab_index(p, s, addr), map);
2446 for_each_object(p, s, addr, page->objects) {
2448 if (!test_bit(slab_index(p, s, addr), map)) {
2449 printk(KERN_ERR "INFO: Object 0x%p @offset=%tu\n",
2451 print_tracking(s, p);
2459 * Attempt to free all partial slabs on a node.
2461 static void free_partial(struct kmem_cache *s, struct kmem_cache_node *n)
2463 unsigned long flags;
2464 struct page *page, *h;
2466 spin_lock_irqsave(&n->list_lock, flags);
2467 list_for_each_entry_safe(page, h, &n->partial, lru) {
2469 list_del(&page->lru);
2470 discard_slab(s, page);
2473 list_slab_objects(s, page,
2474 "Objects remaining on kmem_cache_close()");
2477 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n->list_lock, flags);
2481 * Release all resources used by a slab cache.
2483 static inline int kmem_cache_close(struct kmem_cache *s)
2489 /* Attempt to free all objects */
2490 free_kmem_cache_cpus(s);
2491 for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY) {
2492 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, node);
2495 if (n->nr_partial || slabs_node(s, node))
2498 free_kmem_cache_nodes(s);
2503 * Close a cache and release the kmem_cache structure
2504 * (must be used for caches created using kmem_cache_create)
2506 void kmem_cache_destroy(struct kmem_cache *s)
2508 down_write(&slub_lock);
2512 up_write(&slub_lock);
2513 if (kmem_cache_close(s)) {
2514 printk(KERN_ERR "SLUB %s: %s called for cache that "
2515 "still has objects.\n", s->name, __func__);
2518 sysfs_slab_remove(s);
2520 up_write(&slub_lock);
2522 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_destroy);
2524 /********************************************************************
2526 *******************************************************************/
2528 struct kmem_cache kmalloc_caches[PAGE_SHIFT + 1] __cacheline_aligned;
2529 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmalloc_caches);
2531 static int __init setup_slub_min_order(char *str)
2533 get_option(&str, &slub_min_order);
2538 __setup("slub_min_order=", setup_slub_min_order);
2540 static int __init setup_slub_max_order(char *str)
2542 get_option(&str, &slub_max_order);
2547 __setup("slub_max_order=", setup_slub_max_order);
2549 static int __init setup_slub_min_objects(char *str)
2551 get_option(&str, &slub_min_objects);
2556 __setup("slub_min_objects=", setup_slub_min_objects);
2558 static int __init setup_slub_nomerge(char *str)
2564 __setup("slub_nomerge", setup_slub_nomerge);
2566 static struct kmem_cache *create_kmalloc_cache(struct kmem_cache *s,
2567 const char *name, int size, gfp_t gfp_flags)
2569 unsigned int flags = 0;
2571 if (gfp_flags & SLUB_DMA)
2572 flags = SLAB_CACHE_DMA;
2574 down_write(&slub_lock);
2575 if (!kmem_cache_open(s, gfp_flags, name, size, ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN,
2576 flags | __KMALLOC_CACHE, NULL))
2579 list_add(&s->list, &slab_caches);
2580 up_write(&slub_lock);
2581 if (sysfs_slab_add(s))
2586 panic("Creation of kmalloc slab %s size=%d failed.\n", name, size);
2589 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
2590 static struct kmem_cache *kmalloc_caches_dma[PAGE_SHIFT + 1];
2592 static void sysfs_add_func(struct work_struct *w)
2594 struct kmem_cache *s;
2596 down_write(&slub_lock);
2597 list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list) {
2598 if (s->flags & __SYSFS_ADD_DEFERRED) {
2599 s->flags &= ~__SYSFS_ADD_DEFERRED;
2603 up_write(&slub_lock);
2606 static DECLARE_WORK(sysfs_add_work, sysfs_add_func);
2608 static noinline struct kmem_cache *dma_kmalloc_cache(int index, gfp_t flags)
2610 struct kmem_cache *s;
2614 s = kmalloc_caches_dma[index];
2618 /* Dynamically create dma cache */
2619 if (flags & __GFP_WAIT)
2620 down_write(&slub_lock);
2622 if (!down_write_trylock(&slub_lock))
2626 if (kmalloc_caches_dma[index])
2629 realsize = kmalloc_caches[index].objsize;
2630 text = kasprintf(flags & ~SLUB_DMA, "kmalloc_dma-%d",
2631 (unsigned int)realsize);
2632 s = kmalloc(kmem_size, flags & ~SLUB_DMA);
2634 if (!s || !text || !kmem_cache_open(s, flags, text,
2635 realsize, ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN,
2636 SLAB_CACHE_DMA|__SYSFS_ADD_DEFERRED, NULL)) {
2642 list_add(&s->list, &slab_caches);
2643 kmalloc_caches_dma[index] = s;
2645 schedule_work(&sysfs_add_work);
2648 up_write(&slub_lock);
2650 return kmalloc_caches_dma[index];
2655 * Conversion table for small slabs sizes / 8 to the index in the
2656 * kmalloc array. This is necessary for slabs < 192 since we have non power
2657 * of two cache sizes there. The size of larger slabs can be determined using
2660 static s8 size_index[24] = {
2687 static struct kmem_cache *get_slab(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
2693 return ZERO_SIZE_PTR;
2695 index = size_index[(size - 1) / 8];
2697 index = fls(size - 1);
2699 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
2700 if (unlikely((flags & SLUB_DMA)))
2701 return dma_kmalloc_cache(index, flags);
2704 return &kmalloc_caches[index];
2707 void *__kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
2709 struct kmem_cache *s;
2711 if (unlikely(size > PAGE_SIZE))
2712 return kmalloc_large(size, flags);
2714 s = get_slab(size, flags);
2716 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(s)))
2719 return slab_alloc(s, flags, -1, __builtin_return_address(0));
2721 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc);
2723 static void *kmalloc_large_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
2725 struct page *page = alloc_pages_node(node, flags | __GFP_COMP,
2729 return page_address(page);
2735 void *__kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
2737 struct kmem_cache *s;
2739 if (unlikely(size > PAGE_SIZE))
2740 return kmalloc_large_node(size, flags, node);
2742 s = get_slab(size, flags);
2744 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(s)))
2747 return slab_alloc(s, flags, node, __builtin_return_address(0));
2749 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc_node);
2752 size_t ksize(const void *object)
2755 struct kmem_cache *s;
2757 if (unlikely(object == ZERO_SIZE_PTR))
2760 page = virt_to_head_page(object);
2762 if (unlikely(!PageSlab(page)))
2763 return PAGE_SIZE << compound_order(page);
2767 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG
2769 * Debugging requires use of the padding between object
2770 * and whatever may come after it.
2772 if (s->flags & (SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_POISON))
2777 * If we have the need to store the freelist pointer
2778 * back there or track user information then we can
2779 * only use the space before that information.
2781 if (s->flags & (SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU | SLAB_STORE_USER))
2784 * Else we can use all the padding etc for the allocation
2788 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ksize);
2790 void kfree(const void *x)
2793 void *object = (void *)x;
2795 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(x)))
2798 page = virt_to_head_page(x);
2799 if (unlikely(!PageSlab(page))) {
2803 slab_free(page->slab, page, object, __builtin_return_address(0));
2805 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kfree);
2808 * kmem_cache_shrink removes empty slabs from the partial lists and sorts
2809 * the remaining slabs by the number of items in use. The slabs with the
2810 * most items in use come first. New allocations will then fill those up
2811 * and thus they can be removed from the partial lists.
2813 * The slabs with the least items are placed last. This results in them
2814 * being allocated from last increasing the chance that the last objects
2815 * are freed in them.
2817 int kmem_cache_shrink(struct kmem_cache *s)
2821 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2824 int objects = oo_objects(s->max);
2825 struct list_head *slabs_by_inuse =
2826 kmalloc(sizeof(struct list_head) * objects, GFP_KERNEL);
2827 unsigned long flags;
2829 if (!slabs_by_inuse)
2833 for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY) {
2834 n = get_node(s, node);
2839 for (i = 0; i < objects; i++)
2840 INIT_LIST_HEAD(slabs_by_inuse + i);
2842 spin_lock_irqsave(&n->list_lock, flags);
2845 * Build lists indexed by the items in use in each slab.
2847 * Note that concurrent frees may occur while we hold the
2848 * list_lock. page->inuse here is the upper limit.
2850 list_for_each_entry_safe(page, t, &n->partial, lru) {
2851 if (!page->inuse && slab_trylock(page)) {
2853 * Must hold slab lock here because slab_free
2854 * may have freed the last object and be
2855 * waiting to release the slab.
2857 list_del(&page->lru);
2860 discard_slab(s, page);
2862 list_move(&page->lru,
2863 slabs_by_inuse + page->inuse);
2868 * Rebuild the partial list with the slabs filled up most
2869 * first and the least used slabs at the end.
2871 for (i = objects - 1; i >= 0; i--)
2872 list_splice(slabs_by_inuse + i, n->partial.prev);
2874 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n->list_lock, flags);
2877 kfree(slabs_by_inuse);
2880 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_shrink);
2882 #if defined(CONFIG_NUMA) && defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG)
2883 static int slab_mem_going_offline_callback(void *arg)
2885 struct kmem_cache *s;
2887 down_read(&slub_lock);
2888 list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list)
2889 kmem_cache_shrink(s);
2890 up_read(&slub_lock);
2895 static void slab_mem_offline_callback(void *arg)
2897 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2898 struct kmem_cache *s;
2899 struct memory_notify *marg = arg;
2902 offline_node = marg->status_change_nid;
2905 * If the node still has available memory. we need kmem_cache_node
2908 if (offline_node < 0)
2911 down_read(&slub_lock);
2912 list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list) {
2913 n = get_node(s, offline_node);
2916 * if n->nr_slabs > 0, slabs still exist on the node
2917 * that is going down. We were unable to free them,
2918 * and offline_pages() function shoudn't call this
2919 * callback. So, we must fail.
2921 BUG_ON(slabs_node(s, offline_node));
2923 s->node[offline_node] = NULL;
2924 kmem_cache_free(kmalloc_caches, n);
2927 up_read(&slub_lock);
2930 static int slab_mem_going_online_callback(void *arg)
2932 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2933 struct kmem_cache *s;
2934 struct memory_notify *marg = arg;
2935 int nid = marg->status_change_nid;
2939 * If the node's memory is already available, then kmem_cache_node is
2940 * already created. Nothing to do.
2946 * We are bringing a node online. No memory is availabe yet. We must
2947 * allocate a kmem_cache_node structure in order to bring the node
2950 down_read(&slub_lock);
2951 list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list) {
2953 * XXX: kmem_cache_alloc_node will fallback to other nodes
2954 * since memory is not yet available from the node that
2957 n = kmem_cache_alloc(kmalloc_caches, GFP_KERNEL);
2962 init_kmem_cache_node(n);
2966 up_read(&slub_lock);
2970 static int slab_memory_callback(struct notifier_block *self,
2971 unsigned long action, void *arg)
2976 case MEM_GOING_ONLINE:
2977 ret = slab_mem_going_online_callback(arg);
2979 case MEM_GOING_OFFLINE:
2980 ret = slab_mem_going_offline_callback(arg);
2983 case MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE:
2984 slab_mem_offline_callback(arg);
2987 case MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE:
2991 ret = notifier_from_errno(ret);
2995 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
2997 /********************************************************************
2998 * Basic setup of slabs
2999 *******************************************************************/
3001 void __init kmem_cache_init(void)
3010 * Must first have the slab cache available for the allocations of the
3011 * struct kmem_cache_node's. There is special bootstrap code in
3012 * kmem_cache_open for slab_state == DOWN.
3014 create_kmalloc_cache(&kmalloc_caches[0], "kmem_cache_node",
3015 sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node), GFP_KERNEL);
3016 kmalloc_caches[0].refcount = -1;
3019 hotplug_memory_notifier(slab_memory_callback, 1);
3022 /* Able to allocate the per node structures */
3023 slab_state = PARTIAL;
3025 /* Caches that are not of the two-to-the-power-of size */
3026 if (KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE <= 64) {
3027 create_kmalloc_cache(&kmalloc_caches[1],
3028 "kmalloc-96", 96, GFP_KERNEL);
3031 if (KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE <= 128) {
3032 create_kmalloc_cache(&kmalloc_caches[2],
3033 "kmalloc-192", 192, GFP_KERNEL);
3037 for (i = KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW; i <= PAGE_SHIFT; i++) {
3038 create_kmalloc_cache(&kmalloc_caches[i],
3039 "kmalloc", 1 << i, GFP_KERNEL);
3045 * Patch up the size_index table if we have strange large alignment
3046 * requirements for the kmalloc array. This is only the case for
3047 * MIPS it seems. The standard arches will not generate any code here.
3049 * Largest permitted alignment is 256 bytes due to the way we
3050 * handle the index determination for the smaller caches.
3052 * Make sure that nothing crazy happens if someone starts tinkering
3053 * around with ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN
3055 BUILD_BUG_ON(KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE > 256 ||
3056 (KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE & (KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE - 1)));
3058 for (i = 8; i < KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE; i += 8)
3059 size_index[(i - 1) / 8] = KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW;
3063 /* Provide the correct kmalloc names now that the caches are up */
3064 for (i = KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW; i <= PAGE_SHIFT; i++)
3065 kmalloc_caches[i]. name =
3066 kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "kmalloc-%d", 1 << i);
3069 register_cpu_notifier(&slab_notifier);
3070 kmem_size = offsetof(struct kmem_cache, cpu_slab) +
3071 nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(struct kmem_cache_cpu *);
3073 kmem_size = sizeof(struct kmem_cache);
3077 "SLUB: Genslabs=%d, HWalign=%d, Order=%d-%d, MinObjects=%d,"
3078 " CPUs=%d, Nodes=%d\n",
3079 caches, cache_line_size(),
3080 slub_min_order, slub_max_order, slub_min_objects,
3081 nr_cpu_ids, nr_node_ids);
3085 * Find a mergeable slab cache
3087 static int slab_unmergeable(struct kmem_cache *s)
3089 if (slub_nomerge || (s->flags & SLUB_NEVER_MERGE))
3092 if ((s->flags & __PAGE_ALLOC_FALLBACK))
3099 * We may have set a slab to be unmergeable during bootstrap.
3101 if (s->refcount < 0)
3107 static struct kmem_cache *find_mergeable(size_t size,
3108 size_t align, unsigned long flags, const char *name,
3109 void (*ctor)(struct kmem_cache *, void *))
3111 struct kmem_cache *s;
3113 if (slub_nomerge || (flags & SLUB_NEVER_MERGE))
3119 size = ALIGN(size, sizeof(void *));
3120 align = calculate_alignment(flags, align, size);
3121 size = ALIGN(size, align);
3122 flags = kmem_cache_flags(size, flags, name, NULL);
3124 list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list) {
3125 if (slab_unmergeable(s))
3131 if ((flags & SLUB_MERGE_SAME) != (s->flags & SLUB_MERGE_SAME))
3134 * Check if alignment is compatible.
3135 * Courtesy of Adrian Drzewiecki
3137 if ((s->size & ~(align - 1)) != s->size)
3140 if (s->size - size >= sizeof(void *))
3148 struct kmem_cache *kmem_cache_create(const char *name, size_t size,
3149 size_t align, unsigned long flags,
3150 void (*ctor)(struct kmem_cache *, void *))
3152 struct kmem_cache *s;
3154 down_write(&slub_lock);
3155 s = find_mergeable(size, align, flags, name, ctor);
3161 * Adjust the object sizes so that we clear
3162 * the complete object on kzalloc.
3164 s->objsize = max(s->objsize, (int)size);
3167 * And then we need to update the object size in the
3168 * per cpu structures
3170 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
3171 get_cpu_slab(s, cpu)->objsize = s->objsize;
3173 s->inuse = max_t(int, s->inuse, ALIGN(size, sizeof(void *)));
3174 up_write(&slub_lock);
3176 if (sysfs_slab_alias(s, name))
3181 s = kmalloc(kmem_size, GFP_KERNEL);
3183 if (kmem_cache_open(s, GFP_KERNEL, name,
3184 size, align, flags, ctor)) {
3185 list_add(&s->list, &slab_caches);
3186 up_write(&slub_lock);
3187 if (sysfs_slab_add(s))
3193 up_write(&slub_lock);
3196 if (flags & SLAB_PANIC)
3197 panic("Cannot create slabcache %s\n", name);
3202 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_create);
3206 * Use the cpu notifier to insure that the cpu slabs are flushed when
3209 static int __cpuinit slab_cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
3210 unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
3212 long cpu = (long)hcpu;
3213 struct kmem_cache *s;
3214 unsigned long flags;
3217 case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
3218 case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
3219 init_alloc_cpu_cpu(cpu);
3220 down_read(&slub_lock);
3221 list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list)
3222 s->cpu_slab[cpu] = alloc_kmem_cache_cpu(s, cpu,
3224 up_read(&slub_lock);
3227 case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
3228 case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN:
3230 case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
3231 down_read(&slub_lock);
3232 list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list) {
3233 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c = get_cpu_slab(s, cpu);
3235 local_irq_save(flags);
3236 __flush_cpu_slab(s, cpu);
3237 local_irq_restore(flags);
3238 free_kmem_cache_cpu(c, cpu);
3239 s->cpu_slab[cpu] = NULL;
3241 up_read(&slub_lock);
3249 static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata slab_notifier = {
3250 .notifier_call = slab_cpuup_callback
3255 void *__kmalloc_track_caller(size_t size, gfp_t gfpflags, void *caller)
3257 struct kmem_cache *s;
3259 if (unlikely(size > PAGE_SIZE))
3260 return kmalloc_large(size, gfpflags);
3262 s = get_slab(size, gfpflags);
3264 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(s)))
3267 return slab_alloc(s, gfpflags, -1, caller);
3270 void *__kmalloc_node_track_caller(size_t size, gfp_t gfpflags,
3271 int node, void *caller)
3273 struct kmem_cache *s;
3275 if (unlikely(size > PAGE_SIZE))
3276 return kmalloc_large_node(size, gfpflags, node);
3278 s = get_slab(size, gfpflags);
3280 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(s)))
3283 return slab_alloc(s, gfpflags, node, caller);
3286 #if (defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG)) || defined(CONFIG_SLABINFO)
3287 static unsigned long count_partial(struct kmem_cache_node *n,
3288 int (*get_count)(struct page *))
3290 unsigned long flags;
3291 unsigned long x = 0;
3294 spin_lock_irqsave(&n->list_lock, flags);
3295 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->partial, lru)
3296 x += get_count(page);
3297 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n->list_lock, flags);
3301 static int count_inuse(struct page *page)
3306 static int count_total(struct page *page)
3308 return page->objects;
3311 static int count_free(struct page *page)
3313 return page->objects - page->inuse;
3317 #if defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG)
3318 static int validate_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
3322 void *addr = page_address(page);
3324 if (!check_slab(s, page) ||
3325 !on_freelist(s, page, NULL))
3328 /* Now we know that a valid freelist exists */
3329 bitmap_zero(map, page->objects);
3331 for_each_free_object(p, s, page->freelist) {
3332 set_bit(slab_index(p, s, addr), map);
3333 if (!check_object(s, page, p, 0))
3337 for_each_object(p, s, addr, page->objects)
3338 if (!test_bit(slab_index(p, s, addr), map))
3339 if (!check_object(s, page, p, 1))
3344 static void validate_slab_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, struct page *page,
3347 if (slab_trylock(page)) {
3348 validate_slab(s, page, map);
3351 printk(KERN_INFO "SLUB %s: Skipped busy slab 0x%p\n",
3354 if (s->flags & DEBUG_DEFAULT_FLAGS) {
3355 if (!SlabDebug(page))
3356 printk(KERN_ERR "SLUB %s: SlabDebug not set "
3357 "on slab 0x%p\n", s->name, page);
3359 if (SlabDebug(page))
3360 printk(KERN_ERR "SLUB %s: SlabDebug set on "
3361 "slab 0x%p\n", s->name, page);
3365 static int validate_slab_node(struct kmem_cache *s,
3366 struct kmem_cache_node *n, unsigned long *map)
3368 unsigned long count = 0;
3370 unsigned long flags;
3372 spin_lock_irqsave(&n->list_lock, flags);
3374 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->partial, lru) {
3375 validate_slab_slab(s, page, map);
3378 if (count != n->nr_partial)
3379 printk(KERN_ERR "SLUB %s: %ld partial slabs counted but "
3380 "counter=%ld\n", s->name, count, n->nr_partial);
3382 if (!(s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER))
3385 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->full, lru) {
3386 validate_slab_slab(s, page, map);
3389 if (count != atomic_long_read(&n->nr_slabs))
3390 printk(KERN_ERR "SLUB: %s %ld slabs counted but "
3391 "counter=%ld\n", s->name, count,
3392 atomic_long_read(&n->nr_slabs));
3395 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n->list_lock, flags);
3399 static long validate_slab_cache(struct kmem_cache *s)
3402 unsigned long count = 0;
3403 unsigned long *map = kmalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(oo_objects(s->max)) *
3404 sizeof(unsigned long), GFP_KERNEL);
3410 for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY) {
3411 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, node);
3413 count += validate_slab_node(s, n, map);
3419 #ifdef SLUB_RESILIENCY_TEST
3420 static void resiliency_test(void)
3424 printk(KERN_ERR "SLUB resiliency testing\n");
3425 printk(KERN_ERR "-----------------------\n");
3426 printk(KERN_ERR "A. Corruption after allocation\n");
3428 p = kzalloc(16, GFP_KERNEL);
3430 printk(KERN_ERR "\n1. kmalloc-16: Clobber Redzone/next pointer"
3431 " 0x12->0x%p\n\n", p + 16);
3433 validate_slab_cache(kmalloc_caches + 4);
3435 /* Hmmm... The next two are dangerous */
3436 p = kzalloc(32, GFP_KERNEL);
3437 p[32 + sizeof(void *)] = 0x34;
3438 printk(KERN_ERR "\n2. kmalloc-32: Clobber next pointer/next slab"
3439 " 0x34 -> -0x%p\n", p);
3441 "If allocated object is overwritten then not detectable\n\n");
3443 validate_slab_cache(kmalloc_caches + 5);
3444 p = kzalloc(64, GFP_KERNEL);
3445 p += 64 + (get_cycles() & 0xff) * sizeof(void *);
3447 printk(KERN_ERR "\n3. kmalloc-64: corrupting random byte 0x56->0x%p\n",
3450 "If allocated object is overwritten then not detectable\n\n");
3451 validate_slab_cache(kmalloc_caches + 6);
3453 printk(KERN_ERR "\nB. Corruption after free\n");
3454 p = kzalloc(128, GFP_KERNEL);
3457 printk(KERN_ERR "1. kmalloc-128: Clobber first word 0x78->0x%p\n\n", p);
3458 validate_slab_cache(kmalloc_caches + 7);
3460 p = kzalloc(256, GFP_KERNEL);
3463 printk(KERN_ERR "\n2. kmalloc-256: Clobber 50th byte 0x9a->0x%p\n\n",
3465 validate_slab_cache(kmalloc_caches + 8);
3467 p = kzalloc(512, GFP_KERNEL);
3470 printk(KERN_ERR "\n3. kmalloc-512: Clobber redzone 0xab->0x%p\n\n", p);
3471 validate_slab_cache(kmalloc_caches + 9);
3474 static void resiliency_test(void) {};
3478 * Generate lists of code addresses where slabcache objects are allocated
3483 unsigned long count;
3496 unsigned long count;
3497 struct location *loc;
3500 static void free_loc_track(struct loc_track *t)
3503 free_pages((unsigned long)t->loc,
3504 get_order(sizeof(struct location) * t->max));
3507 static int alloc_loc_track(struct loc_track *t, unsigned long max, gfp_t flags)
3512 order = get_order(sizeof(struct location) * max);
3514 l = (void *)__get_free_pages(flags, order);
3519 memcpy(l, t->loc, sizeof(struct location) * t->count);
3527 static int add_location(struct loc_track *t, struct kmem_cache *s,
3528 const struct track *track)
3530 long start, end, pos;
3533 unsigned long age = jiffies - track->when;
3539 pos = start + (end - start + 1) / 2;
3542 * There is nothing at "end". If we end up there
3543 * we need to add something to before end.
3548 caddr = t->loc[pos].addr;
3549 if (track->addr == caddr) {
3555 if (age < l->min_time)
3557 if (age > l->max_time)
3560 if (track->pid < l->min_pid)
3561 l->min_pid = track->pid;
3562 if (track->pid > l->max_pid)
3563 l->max_pid = track->pid;
3565 cpu_set(track->cpu, l->cpus);
3567 node_set(page_to_nid(virt_to_page(track)), l->nodes);
3571 if (track->addr < caddr)
3578 * Not found. Insert new tracking element.
3580 if (t->count >= t->max && !alloc_loc_track(t, 2 * t->max, GFP_ATOMIC))
3586 (t->count - pos) * sizeof(struct location));
3589 l->addr = track->addr;
3593 l->min_pid = track->pid;
3594 l->max_pid = track->pid;
3595 cpus_clear(l->cpus);
3596 cpu_set(track->cpu, l->cpus);
3597 nodes_clear(l->nodes);
3598 node_set(page_to_nid(virt_to_page(track)), l->nodes);
3602 static void process_slab(struct loc_track *t, struct kmem_cache *s,
3603 struct page *page, enum track_item alloc)
3605 void *addr = page_address(page);
3606 DECLARE_BITMAP(map, page->objects);
3609 bitmap_zero(map, page->objects);
3610 for_each_free_object(p, s, page->freelist)
3611 set_bit(slab_index(p, s, addr), map);
3613 for_each_object(p, s, addr, page->objects)
3614 if (!test_bit(slab_index(p, s, addr), map))
3615 add_location(t, s, get_track(s, p, alloc));
3618 static int list_locations(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf,
3619 enum track_item alloc)
3623 struct loc_track t = { 0, 0, NULL };
3626 if (!alloc_loc_track(&t, PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct location),
3628 return sprintf(buf, "Out of memory\n");
3630 /* Push back cpu slabs */
3633 for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY) {
3634 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, node);
3635 unsigned long flags;
3638 if (!atomic_long_read(&n->nr_slabs))
3641 spin_lock_irqsave(&n->list_lock, flags);
3642 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->partial, lru)
3643 process_slab(&t, s, page, alloc);
3644 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->full, lru)
3645 process_slab(&t, s, page, alloc);
3646 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n->list_lock, flags);
3649 for (i = 0; i < t.count; i++) {
3650 struct location *l = &t.loc[i];
3652 if (len > PAGE_SIZE - 100)
3654 len += sprintf(buf + len, "%7ld ", l->count);
3657 len += sprint_symbol(buf + len, (unsigned long)l->addr);
3659 len += sprintf(buf + len, "<not-available>");
3661 if (l->sum_time != l->min_time) {
3662 unsigned long remainder;
3664 len += sprintf(buf + len, " age=%ld/%ld/%ld",
3666 div_long_long_rem(l->sum_time, l->count, &remainder),
3669 len += sprintf(buf + len, " age=%ld",
3672 if (l->min_pid != l->max_pid)
3673 len += sprintf(buf + len, " pid=%ld-%ld",
3674 l->min_pid, l->max_pid);
3676 len += sprintf(buf + len, " pid=%ld",
3679 if (num_online_cpus() > 1 && !cpus_empty(l->cpus) &&
3680 len < PAGE_SIZE - 60) {
3681 len += sprintf(buf + len, " cpus=");
3682 len += cpulist_scnprintf(buf + len, PAGE_SIZE - len - 50,
3686 if (num_online_nodes() > 1 && !nodes_empty(l->nodes) &&
3687 len < PAGE_SIZE - 60) {
3688 len += sprintf(buf + len, " nodes=");
3689 len += nodelist_scnprintf(buf + len, PAGE_SIZE - len - 50,
3693 len += sprintf(buf + len, "\n");
3698 len += sprintf(buf, "No data\n");
3702 enum slab_stat_type {
3703 SL_ALL, /* All slabs */
3704 SL_PARTIAL, /* Only partially allocated slabs */
3705 SL_CPU, /* Only slabs used for cpu caches */
3706 SL_OBJECTS, /* Determine allocated objects not slabs */
3707 SL_TOTAL /* Determine object capacity not slabs */
3710 #define SO_ALL (1 << SL_ALL)
3711 #define SO_PARTIAL (1 << SL_PARTIAL)
3712 #define SO_CPU (1 << SL_CPU)
3713 #define SO_OBJECTS (1 << SL_OBJECTS)
3714 #define SO_TOTAL (1 << SL_TOTAL)
3716 static ssize_t show_slab_objects(struct kmem_cache *s,
3717 char *buf, unsigned long flags)
3719 unsigned long total = 0;
3722 unsigned long *nodes;
3723 unsigned long *per_cpu;
3725 nodes = kzalloc(2 * sizeof(unsigned long) * nr_node_ids, GFP_KERNEL);
3728 per_cpu = nodes + nr_node_ids;
3730 if (flags & SO_CPU) {
3733 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
3734 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c = get_cpu_slab(s, cpu);
3736 if (!c || c->node < 0)
3740 if (flags & SO_TOTAL)
3741 x = c->page->objects;
3742 else if (flags & SO_OBJECTS)
3748 nodes[c->node] += x;
3754 if (flags & SO_ALL) {
3755 for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY) {
3756 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, node);
3758 if (flags & SO_TOTAL)
3759 x = atomic_long_read(&n->total_objects);
3760 else if (flags & SO_OBJECTS)
3761 x = atomic_long_read(&n->total_objects) -
3762 count_partial(n, count_free);
3765 x = atomic_long_read(&n->nr_slabs);
3770 } else if (flags & SO_PARTIAL) {
3771 for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY) {
3772 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, node);
3774 if (flags & SO_TOTAL)
3775 x = count_partial(n, count_total);
3776 else if (flags & SO_OBJECTS)
3777 x = count_partial(n, count_inuse);
3784 x = sprintf(buf, "%lu", total);
3786 for_each_node_state(node, N_NORMAL_MEMORY)
3788 x += sprintf(buf + x, " N%d=%lu",
3792 return x + sprintf(buf + x, "\n");
3795 static int any_slab_objects(struct kmem_cache *s)
3800 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
3801 struct kmem_cache_cpu *c = get_cpu_slab(s, cpu);
3807 for_each_online_node(node) {
3808 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, node);
3813 if (n->nr_partial || atomic_long_read(&n->nr_slabs))
3819 #define to_slab_attr(n) container_of(n, struct slab_attribute, attr)
3820 #define to_slab(n) container_of(n, struct kmem_cache, kobj);
3822 struct slab_attribute {
3823 struct attribute attr;
3824 ssize_t (*show)(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf);
3825 ssize_t (*store)(struct kmem_cache *s, const char *x, size_t count);
3828 #define SLAB_ATTR_RO(_name) \
3829 static struct slab_attribute _name##_attr = __ATTR_RO(_name)
3831 #define SLAB_ATTR(_name) \
3832 static struct slab_attribute _name##_attr = \
3833 __ATTR(_name, 0644, _name##_show, _name##_store)
3835 static ssize_t slab_size_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3837 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", s->size);
3839 SLAB_ATTR_RO(slab_size);
3841 static ssize_t align_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3843 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", s->align);
3845 SLAB_ATTR_RO(align);
3847 static ssize_t object_size_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3849 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", s->objsize);
3851 SLAB_ATTR_RO(object_size);
3853 static ssize_t objs_per_slab_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3855 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", oo_objects(s->oo));
3857 SLAB_ATTR_RO(objs_per_slab);
3859 static ssize_t order_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3861 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", oo_order(s->oo));
3863 SLAB_ATTR_RO(order);
3865 static ssize_t ctor_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3868 int n = sprint_symbol(buf, (unsigned long)s->ctor);
3870 return n + sprintf(buf + n, "\n");
3876 static ssize_t aliases_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3878 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", s->refcount - 1);
3880 SLAB_ATTR_RO(aliases);
3882 static ssize_t slabs_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3884 return show_slab_objects(s, buf, SO_ALL);
3886 SLAB_ATTR_RO(slabs);
3888 static ssize_t partial_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3890 return show_slab_objects(s, buf, SO_PARTIAL);
3892 SLAB_ATTR_RO(partial);
3894 static ssize_t cpu_slabs_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3896 return show_slab_objects(s, buf, SO_CPU);
3898 SLAB_ATTR_RO(cpu_slabs);
3900 static ssize_t objects_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3902 return show_slab_objects(s, buf, SO_ALL|SO_OBJECTS);
3904 SLAB_ATTR_RO(objects);
3906 static ssize_t objects_partial_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3908 return show_slab_objects(s, buf, SO_PARTIAL|SO_OBJECTS);
3910 SLAB_ATTR_RO(objects_partial);
3912 static ssize_t total_objects_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3914 return show_slab_objects(s, buf, SO_ALL|SO_TOTAL);
3916 SLAB_ATTR_RO(total_objects);
3918 static ssize_t sanity_checks_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3920 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", !!(s->flags & SLAB_DEBUG_FREE));
3923 static ssize_t sanity_checks_store(struct kmem_cache *s,
3924 const char *buf, size_t length)
3926 s->flags &= ~SLAB_DEBUG_FREE;
3928 s->flags |= SLAB_DEBUG_FREE;
3931 SLAB_ATTR(sanity_checks);
3933 static ssize_t trace_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3935 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", !!(s->flags & SLAB_TRACE));
3938 static ssize_t trace_store(struct kmem_cache *s, const char *buf,
3941 s->flags &= ~SLAB_TRACE;
3943 s->flags |= SLAB_TRACE;
3948 static ssize_t reclaim_account_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3950 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", !!(s->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT));
3953 static ssize_t reclaim_account_store(struct kmem_cache *s,
3954 const char *buf, size_t length)
3956 s->flags &= ~SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT;
3958 s->flags |= SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT;
3961 SLAB_ATTR(reclaim_account);
3963 static ssize_t hwcache_align_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3965 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", !!(s->flags & SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN));
3967 SLAB_ATTR_RO(hwcache_align);
3969 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
3970 static ssize_t cache_dma_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3972 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", !!(s->flags & SLAB_CACHE_DMA));
3974 SLAB_ATTR_RO(cache_dma);
3977 static ssize_t destroy_by_rcu_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3979 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", !!(s->flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU));
3981 SLAB_ATTR_RO(destroy_by_rcu);
3983 static ssize_t red_zone_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
3985 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", !!(s->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE));
3988 static ssize_t red_zone_store(struct kmem_cache *s,
3989 const char *buf, size_t length)
3991 if (any_slab_objects(s))
3994 s->flags &= ~SLAB_RED_ZONE;
3996 s->flags |= SLAB_RED_ZONE;
4000 SLAB_ATTR(red_zone);
4002 static ssize_t poison_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
4004 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", !!(s->flags & SLAB_POISON));
4007 static ssize_t poison_store(struct kmem_cache *s,
4008 const char *buf, size_t length)
4010 if (any_slab_objects(s))
4013 s->flags &= ~SLAB_POISON;
4015 s->flags |= SLAB_POISON;
4021 static ssize_t store_user_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
4023 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", !!(s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER));
4026 static ssize_t store_user_store(struct kmem_cache *s,
4027 const char *buf, size_t length)
4029 if (any_slab_objects(s))
4032 s->flags &= ~SLAB_STORE_USER;
4034 s->flags |= SLAB_STORE_USER;
4038 SLAB_ATTR(store_user);
4040 static ssize_t validate_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
4045 static ssize_t validate_store(struct kmem_cache *s,
4046 const char *buf, size_t length)
4050 if (buf[0] == '1') {
4051 ret = validate_slab_cache(s);
4057 SLAB_ATTR(validate);
4059 static ssize_t shrink_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
4064 static ssize_t shrink_store(struct kmem_cache *s,
4065 const char *buf, size_t length)
4067 if (buf[0] == '1') {
4068 int rc = kmem_cache_shrink(s);
4078 static ssize_t alloc_calls_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
4080 if (!(s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER))
4082 return list_locations(s, buf, TRACK_ALLOC);
4084 SLAB_ATTR_RO(alloc_calls);
4086 static ssize_t free_calls_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
4088 if (!(s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER))
4090 return list_locations(s, buf, TRACK_FREE);
4092 SLAB_ATTR_RO(free_calls);
4095 static ssize_t remote_node_defrag_ratio_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf)
4097 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", s->remote_node_defrag_ratio / 10);
4100 static ssize_t remote_node_defrag_ratio_store(struct kmem_cache *s,
4101 const char *buf, size_t length)
4103 int n = simple_strtoul(buf, NULL, 10);
4106 s->remote_node_defrag_ratio = n * 10;
4109 SLAB_ATTR(remote_node_defrag_ratio);
4112 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_STATS
4113 static int show_stat(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf, enum stat_item si)
4115 unsigned long sum = 0;
4118 int *data = kmalloc(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
4123 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
4124 unsigned x = get_cpu_slab(s, cpu)->stat[si];
4130 len = sprintf(buf, "%lu", sum);
4133 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
4134 if (data[cpu] && len < PAGE_SIZE - 20)
4135 len += sprintf(buf + len, " C%d=%u", cpu, data[cpu]);
4139 return len + sprintf(buf + len, "\n");
4142 #define STAT_ATTR(si, text) \
4143 static ssize_t text##_show(struct kmem_cache *s, char *buf) \
4145 return show_stat(s, buf, si); \
4147 SLAB_ATTR_RO(text); \
4149 STAT_ATTR(ALLOC_FASTPATH, alloc_fastpath);
4150 STAT_ATTR(ALLOC_SLOWPATH, alloc_slowpath);
4151 STAT_ATTR(FREE_FASTPATH, free_fastpath);
4152 STAT_ATTR(FREE_SLOWPATH, free_slowpath);
4153 STAT_ATTR(FREE_FROZEN, free_frozen);
4154 STAT_ATTR(FREE_ADD_PARTIAL, free_add_partial);
4155 STAT_ATTR(FREE_REMOVE_PARTIAL, free_remove_partial);
4156 STAT_ATTR(ALLOC_FROM_PARTIAL, alloc_from_partial);
4157 STAT_ATTR(ALLOC_SLAB, alloc_slab);
4158 STAT_ATTR(ALLOC_REFILL, alloc_refill);
4159 STAT_ATTR(FREE_SLAB, free_slab);
4160 STAT_ATTR(CPUSLAB_FLUSH, cpuslab_flush);
4161 STAT_ATTR(DEACTIVATE_FULL, deactivate_full);
4162 STAT_ATTR(DEACTIVATE_EMPTY, deactivate_empty);
4163 STAT_ATTR(DEACTIVATE_TO_HEAD, deactivate_to_head);
4164 STAT_ATTR(DEACTIVATE_TO_TAIL, deactivate_to_tail);
4165 STAT_ATTR(DEACTIVATE_REMOTE_FREES, deactivate_remote_frees);
4169 static struct attribute *slab_attrs[] = {
4170 &slab_size_attr.attr,
4171 &object_size_attr.attr,
4172 &objs_per_slab_attr.attr,
4175 &objects_partial_attr.attr,
4176 &total_objects_attr.attr,
4179 &cpu_slabs_attr.attr,
4183 &sanity_checks_attr.attr,
4185 &hwcache_align_attr.attr,
4186 &reclaim_account_attr.attr,
4187 &destroy_by_rcu_attr.attr,
4188 &red_zone_attr.attr,
4190 &store_user_attr.attr,
4191 &validate_attr.attr,
4193 &alloc_calls_attr.attr,
4194 &free_calls_attr.attr,
4195 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
4196 &cache_dma_attr.attr,
4199 &remote_node_defrag_ratio_attr.attr,
4201 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_STATS
4202 &alloc_fastpath_attr.attr,
4203 &alloc_slowpath_attr.attr,
4204 &free_fastpath_attr.attr,
4205 &free_slowpath_attr.attr,
4206 &free_frozen_attr.attr,
4207 &free_add_partial_attr.attr,
4208 &free_remove_partial_attr.attr,
4209 &alloc_from_partial_attr.attr,
4210 &alloc_slab_attr.attr,
4211 &alloc_refill_attr.attr,
4212 &free_slab_attr.attr,
4213 &cpuslab_flush_attr.attr,
4214 &deactivate_full_attr.attr,
4215 &deactivate_empty_attr.attr,
4216 &deactivate_to_head_attr.attr,
4217 &deactivate_to_tail_attr.attr,
4218 &deactivate_remote_frees_attr.attr,
4223 static struct attribute_group slab_attr_group = {
4224 .attrs = slab_attrs,
4227 static ssize_t slab_attr_show(struct kobject *kobj,
4228 struct attribute *attr,
4231 struct slab_attribute *attribute;
4232 struct kmem_cache *s;
4235 attribute = to_slab_attr(attr);
4238 if (!attribute->show)
4241 err = attribute->show(s, buf);
4246 static ssize_t slab_attr_store(struct kobject *kobj,
4247 struct attribute *attr,
4248 const char *buf, size_t len)
4250 struct slab_attribute *attribute;
4251 struct kmem_cache *s;
4254 attribute = to_slab_attr(attr);
4257 if (!attribute->store)
4260 err = attribute->store(s, buf, len);
4265 static void kmem_cache_release(struct kobject *kobj)
4267 struct kmem_cache *s = to_slab(kobj);
4272 static struct sysfs_ops slab_sysfs_ops = {
4273 .show = slab_attr_show,
4274 .store = slab_attr_store,
4277 static struct kobj_type slab_ktype = {
4278 .sysfs_ops = &slab_sysfs_ops,
4279 .release = kmem_cache_release
4282 static int uevent_filter(struct kset *kset, struct kobject *kobj)
4284 struct kobj_type *ktype = get_ktype(kobj);
4286 if (ktype == &slab_ktype)
4291 static struct kset_uevent_ops slab_uevent_ops = {
4292 .filter = uevent_filter,
4295 static struct kset *slab_kset;
4297 #define ID_STR_LENGTH 64
4299 /* Create a unique string id for a slab cache:
4301 * Format :[flags-]size
4303 static char *create_unique_id(struct kmem_cache *s)
4305 char *name = kmalloc(ID_STR_LENGTH, GFP_KERNEL);
4312 * First flags affecting slabcache operations. We will only
4313 * get here for aliasable slabs so we do not need to support
4314 * too many flags. The flags here must cover all flags that
4315 * are matched during merging to guarantee that the id is
4318 if (s->flags & SLAB_CACHE_DMA)
4320 if (s->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
4322 if (s->flags & SLAB_DEBUG_FREE)
4326 p += sprintf(p, "%07d", s->size);
4327 BUG_ON(p > name + ID_STR_LENGTH - 1);
4331 static int sysfs_slab_add(struct kmem_cache *s)
4337 if (slab_state < SYSFS)
4338 /* Defer until later */
4341 unmergeable = slab_unmergeable(s);
4344 * Slabcache can never be merged so we can use the name proper.
4345 * This is typically the case for debug situations. In that
4346 * case we can catch duplicate names easily.
4348 sysfs_remove_link(&slab_kset->kobj, s->name);
4352 * Create a unique name for the slab as a target
4355 name = create_unique_id(s);
4358 s->kobj.kset = slab_kset;
4359 err = kobject_init_and_add(&s->kobj, &slab_ktype, NULL, name);
4361 kobject_put(&s->kobj);
4365 err = sysfs_create_group(&s->kobj, &slab_attr_group);
4368 kobject_uevent(&s->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
4370 /* Setup first alias */
4371 sysfs_slab_alias(s, s->name);
4377 static void sysfs_slab_remove(struct kmem_cache *s)
4379 kobject_uevent(&s->kobj, KOBJ_REMOVE);
4380 kobject_del(&s->kobj);
4381 kobject_put(&s->kobj);
4385 * Need to buffer aliases during bootup until sysfs becomes
4386 * available lest we loose that information.
4388 struct saved_alias {
4389 struct kmem_cache *s;
4391 struct saved_alias *next;
4394 static struct saved_alias *alias_list;
4396 static int sysfs_slab_alias(struct kmem_cache *s, const char *name)
4398 struct saved_alias *al;
4400 if (slab_state == SYSFS) {
4402 * If we have a leftover link then remove it.
4404 sysfs_remove_link(&slab_kset->kobj, name);
4405 return sysfs_create_link(&slab_kset->kobj, &s->kobj, name);
4408 al = kmalloc(sizeof(struct saved_alias), GFP_KERNEL);
4414 al->next = alias_list;
4419 static int __init slab_sysfs_init(void)
4421 struct kmem_cache *s;
4424 slab_kset = kset_create_and_add("slab", &slab_uevent_ops, kernel_kobj);
4426 printk(KERN_ERR "Cannot register slab subsystem.\n");
4432 list_for_each_entry(s, &slab_caches, list) {
4433 err = sysfs_slab_add(s);
4435 printk(KERN_ERR "SLUB: Unable to add boot slab %s"
4436 " to sysfs\n", s->name);
4439 while (alias_list) {
4440 struct saved_alias *al = alias_list;
4442 alias_list = alias_list->next;
4443 err = sysfs_slab_alias(al->s, al->name);
4445 printk(KERN_ERR "SLUB: Unable to add boot slab alias"
4446 " %s to sysfs\n", s->name);
4454 __initcall(slab_sysfs_init);
4458 * The /proc/slabinfo ABI
4460 #ifdef CONFIG_SLABINFO
4462 ssize_t slabinfo_write(struct file *file, const char __user * buffer,
4463 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
4469 static void print_slabinfo_header(struct seq_file *m)
4471 seq_puts(m, "slabinfo - version: 2.1\n");
4472 seq_puts(m, "# name <active_objs> <num_objs> <objsize> "
4473 "<objperslab> <pagesperslab>");
4474 seq_puts(m, " : tunables <limit> <batchcount> <sharedfactor>");
4475 seq_puts(m, " : slabdata <active_slabs> <num_slabs> <sharedavail>");
4479 static void *s_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
4483 down_read(&slub_lock);
4485 print_slabinfo_header(m);
4487 return seq_list_start(&slab_caches, *pos);
4490 static void *s_next(struct seq_file *m, void *p, loff_t *pos)
4492 return seq_list_next(p, &slab_caches, pos);
4495 static void s_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
4497 up_read(&slub_lock);
4500 static int s_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
4502 unsigned long nr_partials = 0;
4503 unsigned long nr_slabs = 0;
4504 unsigned long nr_inuse = 0;
4505 unsigned long nr_objs = 0;
4506 unsigned long nr_free = 0;
4507 struct kmem_cache *s;
4510 s = list_entry(p, struct kmem_cache, list);
4512 for_each_online_node(node) {
4513 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, node);
4518 nr_partials += n->nr_partial;
4519 nr_slabs += atomic_long_read(&n->nr_slabs);
4520 nr_objs += atomic_long_read(&n->total_objects);
4521 nr_free += count_partial(n, count_free);
4524 nr_inuse = nr_objs - nr_free;
4526 seq_printf(m, "%-17s %6lu %6lu %6u %4u %4d", s->name, nr_inuse,
4527 nr_objs, s->size, oo_objects(s->oo),
4528 (1 << oo_order(s->oo)));
4529 seq_printf(m, " : tunables %4u %4u %4u", 0, 0, 0);
4530 seq_printf(m, " : slabdata %6lu %6lu %6lu", nr_slabs, nr_slabs,
4536 const struct seq_operations slabinfo_op = {
4543 #endif /* CONFIG_SLABINFO */