1 /* Generate assembler source containing symbol information
3 * Copyright 2002 by Kai Germaschewski
5 * This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
6 * of the GNU General Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
8 * Usage: nm -n vmlinux | scripts/kallsyms [--all-symbols] > symbols.S
10 * Table compression uses all the unused char codes on the symbols and
11 * maps these to the most used substrings (tokens). For instance, it might
12 * map char code 0xF7 to represent "write_" and then in every symbol where
13 * "write_" appears it can be replaced by 0xF7, saving 5 bytes.
14 * The used codes themselves are also placed in the table so that the
15 * decompresion can work without "special cases".
16 * Applied to kernel symbols, this usually produces a compression ratio
27 #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]))
30 #define KSYM_NAME_LEN 128
33 unsigned long long addr;
35 unsigned int start_pos;
40 const char *start_sym, *end_sym;
41 unsigned long long start, end;
44 static unsigned long long _text;
45 static struct addr_range text_ranges[] = {
46 { "_stext", "_etext" },
47 { "_sinittext", "_einittext" },
48 { "_stext_l1", "_etext_l1" }, /* Blackfin on-chip L1 inst SRAM */
49 { "_stext_l2", "_etext_l2" }, /* Blackfin on-chip L2 SRAM */
51 #define text_range_text (&text_ranges[0])
52 #define text_range_inittext (&text_ranges[1])
54 static struct addr_range percpu_range = {
55 "__per_cpu_start", "__per_cpu_end", -1ULL, 0
58 static struct sym_entry *table;
59 static unsigned int table_size, table_cnt;
60 static int all_symbols = 0;
61 static int absolute_percpu = 0;
62 static char symbol_prefix_char = '\0';
63 static unsigned long long kernel_start_addr = 0;
65 int token_profit[0x10000];
67 /* the table that holds the result of the compression */
68 unsigned char best_table[256][2];
69 unsigned char best_table_len[256];
72 static void usage(void)
74 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: kallsyms [--all-symbols] "
75 "[--symbol-prefix=<prefix char>] "
76 "[--page-offset=<CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET>] "
77 "< in.map > out.S\n");
82 * This ignores the intensely annoying "mapping symbols" found
83 * in ARM ELF files: $a, $t and $d.
85 static inline int is_arm_mapping_symbol(const char *str)
87 return str[0] == '$' && strchr("axtd", str[1])
88 && (str[2] == '\0' || str[2] == '.');
91 static int check_symbol_range(const char *sym, unsigned long long addr,
92 struct addr_range *ranges, int entries)
95 struct addr_range *ar;
97 for (i = 0; i < entries; ++i) {
100 if (strcmp(sym, ar->start_sym) == 0) {
103 } else if (strcmp(sym, ar->end_sym) == 0) {
112 static int read_symbol(FILE *in, struct sym_entry *s)
118 rc = fscanf(in, "%llx %c %499s\n", &s->addr, &stype, str);
120 if (rc != EOF && fgets(str, 500, in) == NULL)
121 fprintf(stderr, "Read error or end of file.\n");
124 if (strlen(str) > KSYM_NAME_LEN) {
125 fprintf(stderr, "Symbol %s too long for kallsyms (%zu vs %d).\n"
126 "Please increase KSYM_NAME_LEN both in kernel and kallsyms.c\n",
127 str, strlen(str), KSYM_NAME_LEN);
132 /* skip prefix char */
133 if (symbol_prefix_char && str[0] == symbol_prefix_char)
136 /* Ignore most absolute/undefined (?) symbols. */
137 if (strcmp(sym, "_text") == 0)
139 else if (check_symbol_range(sym, s->addr, text_ranges,
140 ARRAY_SIZE(text_ranges)) == 0)
142 else if (toupper(stype) == 'A')
144 /* Keep these useful absolute symbols */
145 if (strcmp(sym, "__kernel_syscall_via_break") &&
146 strcmp(sym, "__kernel_syscall_via_epc") &&
147 strcmp(sym, "__kernel_sigtramp") &&
152 else if (toupper(stype) == 'U' ||
153 is_arm_mapping_symbol(sym))
155 /* exclude also MIPS ELF local symbols ($L123 instead of .L123) */
156 else if (str[0] == '$')
158 /* exclude debugging symbols */
159 else if (stype == 'N')
162 /* include the type field in the symbol name, so that it gets
163 * compressed together */
164 s->len = strlen(str) + 1;
165 s->sym = malloc(s->len + 1);
167 fprintf(stderr, "kallsyms failure: "
168 "unable to allocate required amount of memory\n");
171 strcpy((char *)s->sym + 1, str);
174 /* Record if we've found __per_cpu_start/end. */
175 check_symbol_range(sym, s->addr, &percpu_range, 1);
180 static int symbol_in_range(struct sym_entry *s, struct addr_range *ranges,
184 struct addr_range *ar;
186 for (i = 0; i < entries; ++i) {
189 if (s->addr >= ar->start && s->addr <= ar->end)
196 static int symbol_valid(struct sym_entry *s)
198 /* Symbols which vary between passes. Passes 1 and 2 must have
199 * identical symbol lists. The kallsyms_* symbols below are only added
200 * after pass 1, they would be included in pass 2 when --all-symbols is
201 * specified so exclude them to get a stable symbol list.
203 static char *special_symbols[] = {
204 "kallsyms_addresses",
208 "kallsyms_token_table",
209 "kallsyms_token_index",
211 /* Exclude linker generated symbols which vary between passes */
212 "_SDA_BASE_", /* ppc */
213 "_SDA2_BASE_", /* ppc */
216 static char *special_suffixes[] = {
221 char *sym_name = (char *)s->sym + 1;
224 if (s->addr < kernel_start_addr)
227 /* skip prefix char */
228 if (symbol_prefix_char && *sym_name == symbol_prefix_char)
232 /* if --all-symbols is not specified, then symbols outside the text
233 * and inittext sections are discarded */
235 if (symbol_in_range(s, text_ranges,
236 ARRAY_SIZE(text_ranges)) == 0)
238 /* Corner case. Discard any symbols with the same value as
239 * _etext _einittext; they can move between pass 1 and 2 when
240 * the kallsyms data are added. If these symbols move then
241 * they may get dropped in pass 2, which breaks the kallsyms
244 if ((s->addr == text_range_text->end &&
246 text_range_text->end_sym)) ||
247 (s->addr == text_range_inittext->end &&
249 text_range_inittext->end_sym)))
253 /* Exclude symbols which vary between passes. */
254 for (i = 0; special_symbols[i]; i++)
255 if (strcmp(sym_name, special_symbols[i]) == 0)
258 for (i = 0; special_suffixes[i]; i++) {
259 int l = strlen(sym_name) - strlen(special_suffixes[i]);
261 if (l >= 0 && strcmp(sym_name + l, special_suffixes[i]) == 0)
268 static void read_map(FILE *in)
271 if (table_cnt >= table_size) {
273 table = realloc(table, sizeof(*table) * table_size);
275 fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
279 if (read_symbol(in, &table[table_cnt]) == 0) {
280 table[table_cnt].start_pos = table_cnt;
286 static void output_label(char *label)
288 if (symbol_prefix_char)
289 printf(".globl %c%s\n", symbol_prefix_char, label);
291 printf(".globl %s\n", label);
293 if (symbol_prefix_char)
294 printf("%c%s:\n", symbol_prefix_char, label);
296 printf("%s:\n", label);
299 /* uncompress a compressed symbol. When this function is called, the best table
300 * might still be compressed itself, so the function needs to be recursive */
301 static int expand_symbol(unsigned char *data, int len, char *result)
303 int c, rlen, total=0;
307 /* if the table holds a single char that is the same as the one
308 * we are looking for, then end the search */
309 if (best_table[c][0]==c && best_table_len[c]==1) {
313 /* if not, recurse and expand */
314 rlen = expand_symbol(best_table[c], best_table_len[c], result);
326 static int symbol_absolute(struct sym_entry *s)
328 return toupper(s->sym[0]) == 'A';
331 static void write_src(void)
333 unsigned int i, k, off;
334 unsigned int best_idx[256];
335 unsigned int *markers;
336 char buf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
338 printf("#include <asm/types.h>\n");
339 printf("#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64\n");
340 printf("#define PTR .quad\n");
341 printf("#define ALGN .align 8\n");
343 printf("#define PTR .long\n");
344 printf("#define ALGN .align 4\n");
347 printf("\t.section .rodata, \"a\"\n");
349 /* Provide proper symbols relocatability by their '_text'
350 * relativeness. The symbol names cannot be used to construct
351 * normal symbol references as the list of symbols contains
352 * symbols that are declared static and are private to their
353 * .o files. This prevents .tmp_kallsyms.o or any other
354 * object from referencing them.
356 output_label("kallsyms_addresses");
357 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
358 if (!symbol_absolute(&table[i])) {
359 if (_text <= table[i].addr)
360 printf("\tPTR\t_text + %#llx\n",
361 table[i].addr - _text);
363 printf("\tPTR\t_text - %#llx\n",
364 _text - table[i].addr);
366 printf("\tPTR\t%#llx\n", table[i].addr);
371 output_label("kallsyms_num_syms");
372 printf("\tPTR\t%d\n", table_cnt);
375 /* table of offset markers, that give the offset in the compressed stream
376 * every 256 symbols */
377 markers = malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * ((table_cnt + 255) / 256));
379 fprintf(stderr, "kallsyms failure: "
380 "unable to allocate required memory\n");
384 output_label("kallsyms_names");
386 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
388 markers[i >> 8] = off;
390 printf("\t.byte 0x%02x", table[i].len);
391 for (k = 0; k < table[i].len; k++)
392 printf(", 0x%02x", table[i].sym[k]);
395 off += table[i].len + 1;
399 output_label("kallsyms_markers");
400 for (i = 0; i < ((table_cnt + 255) >> 8); i++)
401 printf("\tPTR\t%d\n", markers[i]);
406 output_label("kallsyms_token_table");
408 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
410 expand_symbol(best_table[i], best_table_len[i], buf);
411 printf("\t.asciz\t\"%s\"\n", buf);
412 off += strlen(buf) + 1;
416 output_label("kallsyms_token_index");
417 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
418 printf("\t.short\t%d\n", best_idx[i]);
423 /* table lookup compression functions */
425 /* count all the possible tokens in a symbol */
426 static void learn_symbol(unsigned char *symbol, int len)
430 for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
431 token_profit[ symbol[i] + (symbol[i + 1] << 8) ]++;
434 /* decrease the count for all the possible tokens in a symbol */
435 static void forget_symbol(unsigned char *symbol, int len)
439 for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
440 token_profit[ symbol[i] + (symbol[i + 1] << 8) ]--;
443 /* remove all the invalid symbols from the table and do the initial token count */
444 static void build_initial_tok_table(void)
449 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
450 if ( symbol_valid(&table[i]) ) {
452 table[pos] = table[i];
453 learn_symbol(table[pos].sym, table[pos].len);
460 static void *find_token(unsigned char *str, int len, unsigned char *token)
464 for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
465 if (str[i] == token[0] && str[i+1] == token[1])
471 /* replace a given token in all the valid symbols. Use the sampled symbols
472 * to update the counts */
473 static void compress_symbols(unsigned char *str, int idx)
475 unsigned int i, len, size;
476 unsigned char *p1, *p2;
478 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
483 /* find the token on the symbol */
484 p2 = find_token(p1, len, str);
487 /* decrease the counts for this symbol's tokens */
488 forget_symbol(table[i].sym, len);
496 memmove(p2, p2 + 1, size);
502 /* find the token on the symbol */
503 p2 = find_token(p1, size, str);
509 /* increase the counts for this symbol's new tokens */
510 learn_symbol(table[i].sym, len);
514 /* search the token with the maximum profit */
515 static int find_best_token(void)
517 int i, best, bestprofit;
522 for (i = 0; i < 0x10000; i++) {
523 if (token_profit[i] > bestprofit) {
525 bestprofit = token_profit[i];
531 /* this is the core of the algorithm: calculate the "best" table */
532 static void optimize_result(void)
536 /* using the '\0' symbol last allows compress_symbols to use standard
537 * fast string functions */
538 for (i = 255; i >= 0; i--) {
540 /* if this table slot is empty (it is not used by an actual
541 * original char code */
542 if (!best_table_len[i]) {
544 /* find the token with the breates profit value */
545 best = find_best_token();
546 if (token_profit[best] == 0)
549 /* place it in the "best" table */
550 best_table_len[i] = 2;
551 best_table[i][0] = best & 0xFF;
552 best_table[i][1] = (best >> 8) & 0xFF;
554 /* replace this token in all the valid symbols */
555 compress_symbols(best_table[i], i);
560 /* start by placing the symbols that are actually used on the table */
561 static void insert_real_symbols_in_table(void)
563 unsigned int i, j, c;
565 memset(best_table, 0, sizeof(best_table));
566 memset(best_table_len, 0, sizeof(best_table_len));
568 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++) {
569 for (j = 0; j < table[i].len; j++) {
577 static void optimize_token_table(void)
579 build_initial_tok_table();
581 insert_real_symbols_in_table();
583 /* When valid symbol is not registered, exit to error */
585 fprintf(stderr, "No valid symbol.\n");
592 /* guess for "linker script provide" symbol */
593 static int may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(const struct sym_entry *se)
595 const char *symbol = (char *)se->sym + 1;
596 int len = se->len - 1;
601 if (symbol[0] != '_' || symbol[1] != '_')
605 if (!memcmp(symbol + 2, "start_", 6))
609 if (!memcmp(symbol + 2, "stop_", 5))
613 if (!memcmp(symbol + 2, "end_", 4))
617 if (!memcmp(symbol + len - 6, "_start", 6))
621 if (!memcmp(symbol + len - 4, "_end", 4))
627 static int prefix_underscores_count(const char *str)
629 const char *tail = str;
637 static int compare_symbols(const void *a, const void *b)
639 const struct sym_entry *sa;
640 const struct sym_entry *sb;
646 /* sort by address first */
647 if (sa->addr > sb->addr)
649 if (sa->addr < sb->addr)
652 /* sort by "weakness" type */
653 wa = (sa->sym[0] == 'w') || (sa->sym[0] == 'W');
654 wb = (sb->sym[0] == 'w') || (sb->sym[0] == 'W');
658 /* sort by "linker script provide" type */
659 wa = may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(sa);
660 wb = may_be_linker_script_provide_symbol(sb);
664 /* sort by the number of prefix underscores */
665 wa = prefix_underscores_count((const char *)sa->sym + 1);
666 wb = prefix_underscores_count((const char *)sb->sym + 1);
670 /* sort by initial order, so that other symbols are left undisturbed */
671 return sa->start_pos - sb->start_pos;
674 static void sort_symbols(void)
676 qsort(table, table_cnt, sizeof(struct sym_entry), compare_symbols);
679 static void make_percpus_absolute(void)
683 for (i = 0; i < table_cnt; i++)
684 if (symbol_in_range(&table[i], &percpu_range, 1))
685 table[i].sym[0] = 'A';
688 int main(int argc, char **argv)
692 for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
693 if(strcmp(argv[i], "--all-symbols") == 0)
695 else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--absolute-percpu") == 0)
697 else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--symbol-prefix=", 16) == 0) {
698 char *p = &argv[i][16];
700 if ((*p == '"' && *(p+2) == '"') || (*p == '\'' && *(p+2) == '\''))
702 symbol_prefix_char = *p;
703 } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--page-offset=", 14) == 0) {
704 const char *p = &argv[i][14];
705 kernel_start_addr = strtoull(p, NULL, 16);
709 } else if (argc != 1)
714 make_percpus_absolute();
716 optimize_token_table();