2 * recordmcount.c: construct a table of the locations of calls to 'mcount'
3 * so that ftrace can find them quickly.
4 * Copyright 2009 John F. Reiser <jreiser@BitWagon.com>. All rights reserved.
5 * Licensed under the GNU General Public License, version 2 (GPLv2).
7 * Restructured to fit Linux format, as well as other updates:
8 * Copyright 2010 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>, Red Hat Inc.
12 * Strategy: alter the .o file in-place.
14 * Append a new STRTAB that has the new section names, followed by a new array
15 * ElfXX_Shdr[] that has the new section headers, followed by the section
16 * contents for __mcount_loc and its relocations. The old shstrtab strings,
17 * and the old ElfXX_Shdr[] array, remain as "garbage" (commonly, a couple
18 * kilobytes.) Subsequent processing by /bin/ld (or the kernel module loader)
19 * will ignore the garbage regions, because they are not designated by the
20 * new .e_shoff nor the new ElfXX_Shdr[]. [In order to remove the garbage,
21 * then use "ld -r" to create a new file that omits the garbage.]
24 #include <sys/types.h>
36 static int fd_map; /* File descriptor for file being modified. */
37 static int mmap_failed; /* Boolean flag. */
38 static void *ehdr_curr; /* current ElfXX_Ehdr * for resource cleanup */
39 static char gpfx; /* prefix for global symbol name (sometimes '_') */
40 static struct stat sb; /* Remember .st_size, etc. */
41 static jmp_buf jmpenv; /* setjmp/longjmp per-file error escape */
42 static const char *altmcount; /* alternate mcount symbol name */
43 static int warn_on_notrace_sect; /* warn when section has mcount not being recorded */
45 /* setjmp() return values */
47 SJ_SETJMP = 0, /* hardwired first return */
52 /* Per-file resource cleanup when multiple files. */
57 munmap(ehdr_curr, sb.st_size);
63 static void __attribute__((noreturn))
67 longjmp(jmpenv, SJ_FAIL);
70 static void __attribute__((noreturn))
74 longjmp(jmpenv, SJ_SUCCEED);
77 /* ulseek, uread, ...: Check return value for errors. */
80 ulseek(int const fd, off_t const offset, int const whence)
82 off_t const w = lseek(fd, offset, whence);
91 uread(int const fd, void *const buf, size_t const count)
93 size_t const n = read(fd, buf, count);
102 uwrite(int const fd, void const *const buf, size_t const count)
104 size_t const n = write(fd, buf, count);
115 void *const addr = malloc(size);
117 fprintf(stderr, "malloc failed: %zu bytes\n", size);
123 static unsigned char ideal_nop5_x86_64[5] = { 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00 };
124 static unsigned char ideal_nop5_x86_32[5] = { 0x3e, 0x8d, 0x74, 0x26, 0x00 };
125 static unsigned char *ideal_nop;
127 static char rel_type_nop;
129 static int (*make_nop)(void *map, size_t const offset);
131 static int make_nop_x86(void *map, size_t const offset)
136 /* Confirm we have 0xe8 0x0 0x0 0x0 0x0 */
141 op = map + offset - 1;
146 ulseek(fd_map, offset - 1, SEEK_SET);
147 uwrite(fd_map, ideal_nop, 5);
152 * Get the whole file as a programming convenience in order to avoid
153 * malloc+lseek+read+free of many pieces. If successful, then mmap
154 * avoids copying unused pieces; else just read the whole file.
155 * Open for both read and write; new info will be appended to the file.
156 * Use MAP_PRIVATE so that a few changes to the in-memory ElfXX_Ehdr
157 * do not propagate to the file until an explicit overwrite at the last.
158 * This preserves most aspects of consistency (all except .st_size)
159 * for simultaneous readers of the file while we are appending to it.
160 * However, multiple writers still are bad. We choose not to use
161 * locking because it is expensive and the use case of kernel build
162 * makes multiple writers unlikely.
164 static void *mmap_file(char const *fname)
168 fd_map = open(fname, O_RDWR);
169 if (fd_map < 0 || fstat(fd_map, &sb) < 0) {
173 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
174 fprintf(stderr, "not a regular file: %s\n", fname);
177 addr = mmap(0, sb.st_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE,
180 if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
182 addr = umalloc(sb.st_size);
183 uread(fd_map, addr, sb.st_size);
188 /* w8rev, w8nat, ...: Handle endianness. */
190 static uint64_t w8rev(uint64_t const x)
192 return ((0xff & (x >> (0 * 8))) << (7 * 8))
193 | ((0xff & (x >> (1 * 8))) << (6 * 8))
194 | ((0xff & (x >> (2 * 8))) << (5 * 8))
195 | ((0xff & (x >> (3 * 8))) << (4 * 8))
196 | ((0xff & (x >> (4 * 8))) << (3 * 8))
197 | ((0xff & (x >> (5 * 8))) << (2 * 8))
198 | ((0xff & (x >> (6 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
199 | ((0xff & (x >> (7 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
202 static uint32_t w4rev(uint32_t const x)
204 return ((0xff & (x >> (0 * 8))) << (3 * 8))
205 | ((0xff & (x >> (1 * 8))) << (2 * 8))
206 | ((0xff & (x >> (2 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
207 | ((0xff & (x >> (3 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
210 static uint32_t w2rev(uint16_t const x)
212 return ((0xff & (x >> (0 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
213 | ((0xff & (x >> (1 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
216 static uint64_t w8nat(uint64_t const x)
221 static uint32_t w4nat(uint32_t const x)
226 static uint32_t w2nat(uint16_t const x)
231 static uint64_t (*w8)(uint64_t);
232 static uint32_t (*w)(uint32_t);
233 static uint32_t (*w2)(uint16_t);
235 /* Names of the sections that could contain calls to mcount. */
237 is_mcounted_section_name(char const *const txtname)
239 return strcmp(".text", txtname) == 0 ||
240 strcmp(".ref.text", txtname) == 0 ||
241 strcmp(".sched.text", txtname) == 0 ||
242 strcmp(".spinlock.text", txtname) == 0 ||
243 strcmp(".irqentry.text", txtname) == 0 ||
244 strcmp(".kprobes.text", txtname) == 0 ||
245 strcmp(".text.unlikely", txtname) == 0;
248 /* 32 bit and 64 bit are very similar */
249 #include "recordmcount.h"
250 #define RECORD_MCOUNT_64
251 #include "recordmcount.h"
253 /* 64-bit EM_MIPS has weird ELF64_Rela.r_info.
254 * http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/manuals/4000/007-4658-001/pdf/007-4658-001.pdf
255 * We interpret Table 29 Relocation Operation (Elf64_Rel, Elf64_Rela) [p.40]
256 * to imply the order of the members; the spec does not say so.
257 * typedef unsigned char Elf64_Byte;
258 * fails on MIPS64 because their <elf.h> already has it!
261 typedef uint8_t myElf64_Byte; /* Type for a 8-bit quantity. */
266 Elf64_Word r_sym; /* Symbol index. */
267 myElf64_Byte r_ssym; /* Special symbol. */
268 myElf64_Byte r_type3; /* Third relocation. */
269 myElf64_Byte r_type2; /* Second relocation. */
270 myElf64_Byte r_type; /* First relocation. */
274 static uint64_t MIPS64_r_sym(Elf64_Rel const *rp)
276 return w(((union mips_r_info){ .r_info = rp->r_info }).r_mips.r_sym);
279 static void MIPS64_r_info(Elf64_Rel *const rp, unsigned sym, unsigned type)
281 rp->r_info = ((union mips_r_info){
282 .r_mips = { .r_sym = w(sym), .r_type = type }
287 do_file(char const *const fname)
289 Elf32_Ehdr *const ehdr = mmap_file(fname);
290 unsigned int reltype = 0;
296 switch (ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA]) {
297 static unsigned int const endian = 1;
299 fprintf(stderr, "unrecognized ELF data encoding %d: %s\n",
300 ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA], fname);
304 if (*(unsigned char const *)&endian != 1) {
305 /* main() is big endian, file.o is little endian. */
312 if (*(unsigned char const *)&endian != 0) {
313 /* main() is little endian, file.o is big endian. */
320 if (memcmp(ELFMAG, ehdr->e_ident, SELFMAG) != 0
321 || w2(ehdr->e_type) != ET_REL
322 || ehdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT) {
323 fprintf(stderr, "unrecognized ET_REL file %s\n", fname);
328 switch (w2(ehdr->e_machine)) {
330 fprintf(stderr, "unrecognized e_machine %d %s\n",
331 w2(ehdr->e_machine), fname);
336 make_nop = make_nop_x86;
337 ideal_nop = ideal_nop5_x86_32;
338 mcount_adjust_32 = -1;
340 case EM_ARM: reltype = R_ARM_ABS32;
341 altmcount = "__gnu_mcount_nc";
343 case EM_IA_64: reltype = R_IA64_IMM64; gpfx = '_'; break;
344 case EM_MIPS: /* reltype: e_class */ gpfx = '_'; break;
345 case EM_PPC: reltype = R_PPC_ADDR32; gpfx = '_'; break;
346 case EM_PPC64: reltype = R_PPC64_ADDR64; gpfx = '_'; break;
347 case EM_S390: /* reltype: e_class */ gpfx = '_'; break;
348 case EM_SH: reltype = R_SH_DIR32; break;
349 case EM_SPARCV9: reltype = R_SPARC_64; gpfx = '_'; break;
351 make_nop = make_nop_x86;
352 ideal_nop = ideal_nop5_x86_64;
353 reltype = R_X86_64_64;
354 mcount_adjust_64 = -1;
358 switch (ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS]) {
360 fprintf(stderr, "unrecognized ELF class %d %s\n",
361 ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS], fname);
365 if (w2(ehdr->e_ehsize) != sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr)
366 || w2(ehdr->e_shentsize) != sizeof(Elf32_Shdr)) {
368 "unrecognized ET_REL file: %s\n", fname);
371 if (w2(ehdr->e_machine) == EM_S390) {
373 mcount_adjust_32 = -4;
375 if (w2(ehdr->e_machine) == EM_MIPS) {
377 is_fake_mcount32 = MIPS32_is_fake_mcount;
379 do32(ehdr, fname, reltype);
382 Elf64_Ehdr *const ghdr = (Elf64_Ehdr *)ehdr;
383 if (w2(ghdr->e_ehsize) != sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)
384 || w2(ghdr->e_shentsize) != sizeof(Elf64_Shdr)) {
386 "unrecognized ET_REL file: %s\n", fname);
389 if (w2(ghdr->e_machine) == EM_S390) {
391 mcount_adjust_64 = -8;
393 if (w2(ghdr->e_machine) == EM_MIPS) {
395 Elf64_r_sym = MIPS64_r_sym;
396 Elf64_r_info = MIPS64_r_info;
397 is_fake_mcount64 = MIPS64_is_fake_mcount;
399 do64(ghdr, fname, reltype);
408 main(int argc, char *argv[])
410 const char ftrace[] = "/ftrace.o";
411 int ftrace_size = sizeof(ftrace) - 1;
412 int n_error = 0; /* gcc-4.3.0 false positive complaint */
416 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "w")) >= 0) {
419 warn_on_notrace_sect = 1;
422 fprintf(stderr, "usage: recordmcount [-w] file.o...\n");
427 if ((argc - optind) < 1) {
428 fprintf(stderr, "usage: recordmcount [-w] file.o...\n");
432 /* Process each file in turn, allowing deep failure. */
433 for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
434 char *file = argv[i];
435 int const sjval = setjmp(jmpenv);
439 * The file kernel/trace/ftrace.o references the mcount
440 * function but does not call it. Since ftrace.o should
441 * not be traced anyway, we just skip it.
444 if (len >= ftrace_size &&
445 strcmp(file + (len - ftrace_size), ftrace) == 0)
450 fprintf(stderr, "internal error: %s\n", file);
453 case SJ_SETJMP: /* normal sequence */
454 /* Avoid problems if early cleanup() */
460 case SJ_FAIL: /* error in do_file or below */
463 case SJ_SUCCEED: /* premature success */