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perf stat: Suppress printing std-dev when its 0
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1 /*
2  * builtin-stat.c
3  *
4  * Builtin stat command: Give a precise performance counters summary
5  * overview about any workload, CPU or specific PID.
6  *
7  * Sample output:
8
9    $ perf stat ./hackbench 10
10
11   Time: 0.118
12
13   Performance counter stats for './hackbench 10':
14
15        1708.761321 task-clock                #   11.037 CPUs utilized
16             41,190 context-switches          #    0.024 M/sec
17              6,735 CPU-migrations            #    0.004 M/sec
18             17,318 page-faults               #    0.010 M/sec
19      5,205,202,243 cycles                    #    3.046 GHz
20      3,856,436,920 stalled-cycles-frontend   #   74.09% frontend cycles idle
21      1,600,790,871 stalled-cycles-backend    #   30.75% backend  cycles idle
22      2,603,501,247 instructions              #    0.50  insns per cycle
23                                              #    1.48  stalled cycles per insn
24        484,357,498 branches                  #  283.455 M/sec
25          6,388,934 branch-misses             #    1.32% of all branches
26
27         0.154822978  seconds time elapsed
28
29  *
30  * Copyright (C) 2008-2011, Red Hat Inc, Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
31  *
32  * Improvements and fixes by:
33  *
34  *   Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
35  *   Yanmin Zhang <yanmin.zhang@intel.com>
36  *   Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
37  *   Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
38  *   Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
39  *   Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinder@kernel.org>
40  *
41  * Released under the GPL v2. (and only v2, not any later version)
42  */
43
44 #include "perf.h"
45 #include "builtin.h"
46 #include "util/util.h"
47 #include "util/parse-options.h"
48 #include "util/parse-events.h"
49 #include "util/event.h"
50 #include "util/evlist.h"
51 #include "util/evsel.h"
52 #include "util/debug.h"
53 #include "util/color.h"
54 #include "util/header.h"
55 #include "util/cpumap.h"
56 #include "util/thread.h"
57 #include "util/thread_map.h"
58
59 #include <sys/prctl.h>
60 #include <math.h>
61 #include <locale.h>
62
63 #define DEFAULT_SEPARATOR       " "
64 #define CNTR_NOT_SUPPORTED      "<not supported>"
65 #define CNTR_NOT_COUNTED        "<not counted>"
66
67 static struct perf_event_attr default_attrs[] = {
68
69   { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK              },
70   { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES        },
71   { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS          },
72   { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS             },
73
74   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES              },
75   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND },
76   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND  },
77   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS            },
78   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS     },
79   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES           },
80
81 };
82
83 /*
84  * Detailed stats (-d), covering the L1 and last level data caches:
85  */
86 static struct perf_event_attr detailed_attrs[] = {
87
88   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
89     .config =
90          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
91         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
92         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },
93
94   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
95     .config =
96          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
97         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
98         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },
99
100   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
101     .config =
102          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL                 <<  0  |
103         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
104         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },
105
106   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
107     .config =
108          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL                 <<  0  |
109         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
110         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },
111 };
112
113 /*
114  * Very detailed stats (-d -d), covering the instruction cache and the TLB caches:
115  */
116 static struct perf_event_attr very_detailed_attrs[] = {
117
118   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
119     .config =
120          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I                <<  0  |
121         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
122         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },
123
124   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
125     .config =
126          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I                <<  0  |
127         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
128         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },
129
130   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
131     .config =
132          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB               <<  0  |
133         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
134         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },
135
136   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
137     .config =
138          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB               <<  0  |
139         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
140         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },
141
142   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
143     .config =
144          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB               <<  0  |
145         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
146         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },
147
148   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
149     .config =
150          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB               <<  0  |
151         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
152         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },
153
154 };
155
156 /*
157  * Very, very detailed stats (-d -d -d), adding prefetch events:
158  */
159 static struct perf_event_attr very_very_detailed_attrs[] = {
160
161   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
162     .config =
163          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
164         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH        <<  8) |
165         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },
166
167   { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
168     .config =
169          PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
170         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH        <<  8) |
171         (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },
172 };
173
174
175
176 struct perf_evlist              *evsel_list;
177
178 static bool                     system_wide                     =  false;
179 static int                      run_idx                         =  0;
180
181 static int                      run_count                       =  1;
182 static bool                     no_inherit                      = false;
183 static bool                     scale                           =  true;
184 static bool                     no_aggr                         = false;
185 static pid_t                    target_pid                      = -1;
186 static pid_t                    target_tid                      = -1;
187 static pid_t                    child_pid                       = -1;
188 static bool                     null_run                        =  false;
189 static int                      detailed_run                    =  0;
190 static bool                     sync_run                        =  false;
191 static bool                     big_num                         =  true;
192 static int                      big_num_opt                     =  -1;
193 static const char               *cpu_list;
194 static const char               *csv_sep                        = NULL;
195 static bool                     csv_output                      = false;
196 static bool                     group                           = false;
197 static const char               *output_name                    = NULL;
198 static FILE                     *output                         = NULL;
199 static int                      output_fd;
200
201 static volatile int done = 0;
202
203 struct stats
204 {
205         double n, mean, M2;
206 };
207
208 struct perf_stat {
209         struct stats      res_stats[3];
210 };
211
212 static int perf_evsel__alloc_stat_priv(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
213 {
214         evsel->priv = zalloc(sizeof(struct perf_stat));
215         return evsel->priv == NULL ? -ENOMEM : 0;
216 }
217
218 static void perf_evsel__free_stat_priv(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
219 {
220         free(evsel->priv);
221         evsel->priv = NULL;
222 }
223
224 static void update_stats(struct stats *stats, u64 val)
225 {
226         double delta;
227
228         stats->n++;
229         delta = val - stats->mean;
230         stats->mean += delta / stats->n;
231         stats->M2 += delta*(val - stats->mean);
232 }
233
234 static double avg_stats(struct stats *stats)
235 {
236         return stats->mean;
237 }
238
239 /*
240  * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_for_calculating_variance
241  *
242  *       (\Sum n_i^2) - ((\Sum n_i)^2)/n
243  * s^2 = -------------------------------
244  *                  n - 1
245  *
246  * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stddev
247  *
248  * The std dev of the mean is related to the std dev by:
249  *
250  *             s
251  * s_mean = -------
252  *          sqrt(n)
253  *
254  */
255 static double stddev_stats(struct stats *stats)
256 {
257         double variance, variance_mean;
258
259         if (!stats->n)
260                 return 0.0;
261
262         variance = stats->M2 / (stats->n - 1);
263         variance_mean = variance / stats->n;
264
265         return sqrt(variance_mean);
266 }
267
268 struct stats                    runtime_nsecs_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
269 struct stats                    runtime_cycles_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
270 struct stats                    runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
271 struct stats                    runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
272 struct stats                    runtime_branches_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
273 struct stats                    runtime_cacherefs_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
274 struct stats                    runtime_l1_dcache_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
275 struct stats                    runtime_l1_icache_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
276 struct stats                    runtime_ll_cache_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
277 struct stats                    runtime_itlb_cache_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
278 struct stats                    runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
279 struct stats                    walltime_nsecs_stats;
280
281 static int create_perf_stat_counter(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
282 {
283         struct perf_event_attr *attr = &evsel->attr;
284
285         if (scale)
286                 attr->read_format = PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED |
287                                     PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING;
288
289         attr->inherit = !no_inherit;
290
291         if (system_wide)
292                 return perf_evsel__open_per_cpu(evsel, evsel_list->cpus, group);
293
294         if (target_pid == -1 && target_tid == -1) {
295                 attr->disabled = 1;
296                 attr->enable_on_exec = 1;
297         }
298
299         return perf_evsel__open_per_thread(evsel, evsel_list->threads, group);
300 }
301
302 /*
303  * Does the counter have nsecs as a unit?
304  */
305 static inline int nsec_counter(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
306 {
307         if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, SOFTWARE, SW_CPU_CLOCK) ||
308             perf_evsel__match(evsel, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK))
309                 return 1;
310
311         return 0;
312 }
313
314 /*
315  * Update various tracking values we maintain to print
316  * more semantic information such as miss/hit ratios,
317  * instruction rates, etc:
318  */
319 static void update_shadow_stats(struct perf_evsel *counter, u64 *count)
320 {
321         if (perf_evsel__match(counter, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK))
322                 update_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[0], count[0]);
323         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES))
324                 update_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[0], count[0]);
325         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND))
326                 update_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats[0], count[0]);
327         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND))
328                 update_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats[0], count[0]);
329         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS))
330                 update_stats(&runtime_branches_stats[0], count[0]);
331         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_REFERENCES))
332                 update_stats(&runtime_cacherefs_stats[0], count[0]);
333         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1D))
334                 update_stats(&runtime_l1_dcache_stats[0], count[0]);
335         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1I))
336                 update_stats(&runtime_l1_icache_stats[0], count[0]);
337         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_LL))
338                 update_stats(&runtime_ll_cache_stats[0], count[0]);
339         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_DTLB))
340                 update_stats(&runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[0], count[0]);
341         else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_ITLB))
342                 update_stats(&runtime_itlb_cache_stats[0], count[0]);
343 }
344
345 /*
346  * Read out the results of a single counter:
347  * aggregate counts across CPUs in system-wide mode
348  */
349 static int read_counter_aggr(struct perf_evsel *counter)
350 {
351         struct perf_stat *ps = counter->priv;
352         u64 *count = counter->counts->aggr.values;
353         int i;
354
355         if (__perf_evsel__read(counter, evsel_list->cpus->nr,
356                                evsel_list->threads->nr, scale) < 0)
357                 return -1;
358
359         for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
360                 update_stats(&ps->res_stats[i], count[i]);
361
362         if (verbose) {
363                 fprintf(output, "%s: %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 "\n",
364                         event_name(counter), count[0], count[1], count[2]);
365         }
366
367         /*
368          * Save the full runtime - to allow normalization during printout:
369          */
370         update_shadow_stats(counter, count);
371
372         return 0;
373 }
374
375 /*
376  * Read out the results of a single counter:
377  * do not aggregate counts across CPUs in system-wide mode
378  */
379 static int read_counter(struct perf_evsel *counter)
380 {
381         u64 *count;
382         int cpu;
383
384         for (cpu = 0; cpu < evsel_list->cpus->nr; cpu++) {
385                 if (__perf_evsel__read_on_cpu(counter, cpu, 0, scale) < 0)
386                         return -1;
387
388                 count = counter->counts->cpu[cpu].values;
389
390                 update_shadow_stats(counter, count);
391         }
392
393         return 0;
394 }
395
396 static int run_perf_stat(int argc __used, const char **argv)
397 {
398         unsigned long long t0, t1;
399         struct perf_evsel *counter;
400         int status = 0;
401         int child_ready_pipe[2], go_pipe[2];
402         const bool forks = (argc > 0);
403         char buf;
404
405         if (forks && (pipe(child_ready_pipe) < 0 || pipe(go_pipe) < 0)) {
406                 perror("failed to create pipes");
407                 exit(1);
408         }
409
410         if (forks) {
411                 if ((child_pid = fork()) < 0)
412                         perror("failed to fork");
413
414                 if (!child_pid) {
415                         close(child_ready_pipe[0]);
416                         close(go_pipe[1]);
417                         fcntl(go_pipe[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
418
419                         /*
420                          * Do a dummy execvp to get the PLT entry resolved,
421                          * so we avoid the resolver overhead on the real
422                          * execvp call.
423                          */
424                         execvp("", (char **)argv);
425
426                         /*
427                          * Tell the parent we're ready to go
428                          */
429                         close(child_ready_pipe[1]);
430
431                         /*
432                          * Wait until the parent tells us to go.
433                          */
434                         if (read(go_pipe[0], &buf, 1) == -1)
435                                 perror("unable to read pipe");
436
437                         execvp(argv[0], (char **)argv);
438
439                         perror(argv[0]);
440                         exit(-1);
441                 }
442
443                 if (target_tid == -1 && target_pid == -1 && !system_wide)
444                         evsel_list->threads->map[0] = child_pid;
445
446                 /*
447                  * Wait for the child to be ready to exec.
448                  */
449                 close(child_ready_pipe[1]);
450                 close(go_pipe[0]);
451                 if (read(child_ready_pipe[0], &buf, 1) == -1)
452                         perror("unable to read pipe");
453                 close(child_ready_pipe[0]);
454         }
455
456         list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
457                 if (create_perf_stat_counter(counter) < 0) {
458                         if (errno == EINVAL || errno == ENOSYS || errno == ENOENT) {
459                                 if (verbose)
460                                         ui__warning("%s event is not supported by the kernel.\n",
461                                                     event_name(counter));
462                                 counter->supported = false;
463                                 continue;
464                         }
465
466                         if (errno == EPERM || errno == EACCES) {
467                                 error("You may not have permission to collect %sstats.\n"
468                                       "\t Consider tweaking"
469                                       " /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid or running as root.",
470                                       system_wide ? "system-wide " : "");
471                         } else {
472                                 error("open_counter returned with %d (%s). "
473                                       "/bin/dmesg may provide additional information.\n",
474                                        errno, strerror(errno));
475                         }
476                         if (child_pid != -1)
477                                 kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);
478                         die("Not all events could be opened.\n");
479                         return -1;
480                 }
481                 counter->supported = true;
482         }
483
484         if (perf_evlist__set_filters(evsel_list)) {
485                 error("failed to set filter with %d (%s)\n", errno,
486                         strerror(errno));
487                 return -1;
488         }
489
490         /*
491          * Enable counters and exec the command:
492          */
493         t0 = rdclock();
494
495         if (forks) {
496                 close(go_pipe[1]);
497                 wait(&status);
498         } else {
499                 while(!done) sleep(1);
500         }
501
502         t1 = rdclock();
503
504         update_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats, t1 - t0);
505
506         if (no_aggr) {
507                 list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
508                         read_counter(counter);
509                         perf_evsel__close_fd(counter, evsel_list->cpus->nr, 1);
510                 }
511         } else {
512                 list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
513                         read_counter_aggr(counter);
514                         perf_evsel__close_fd(counter, evsel_list->cpus->nr,
515                                              evsel_list->threads->nr);
516                 }
517         }
518
519         return WEXITSTATUS(status);
520 }
521
522 static void print_noise_pct(double total, double avg)
523 {
524         double pct = 0.0;
525
526         if (avg)
527                 pct = 100.0*total/avg;
528
529         if (csv_output)
530                 fprintf(output, "%s%.2f%%", csv_sep, pct);
531         else if (pct)
532                 fprintf(output, "  ( +-%6.2f%% )", pct);
533 }
534
535 static void print_noise(struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg)
536 {
537         struct perf_stat *ps;
538
539         if (run_count == 1)
540                 return;
541
542         ps = evsel->priv;
543         print_noise_pct(stddev_stats(&ps->res_stats[0]), avg);
544 }
545
546 static void nsec_printout(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg)
547 {
548         double msecs = avg / 1e6;
549         char cpustr[16] = { '\0', };
550         const char *fmt = csv_output ? "%s%.6f%s%s" : "%s%18.6f%s%-25s";
551
552         if (no_aggr)
553                 sprintf(cpustr, "CPU%*d%s",
554                         csv_output ? 0 : -4,
555                         evsel_list->cpus->map[cpu], csv_sep);
556
557         fprintf(output, fmt, cpustr, msecs, csv_sep, event_name(evsel));
558
559         if (evsel->cgrp)
560                 fprintf(output, "%s%s", csv_sep, evsel->cgrp->name);
561
562         if (csv_output)
563                 return;
564
565         if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK))
566                 fprintf(output, " # %8.3f CPUs utilized          ",
567                         avg / avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats));
568 }
569
570 static void print_stalled_cycles_frontend(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel __used, double avg)
571 {
572         double total, ratio = 0.0;
573         const char *color;
574
575         total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[cpu]);
576
577         if (total)
578                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
579
580         color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
581         if (ratio > 50.0)
582                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
583         else if (ratio > 30.0)
584                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
585         else if (ratio > 10.0)
586                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
587
588         fprintf(output, " #  ");
589         color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
590         fprintf(output, " frontend cycles idle   ");
591 }
592
593 static void print_stalled_cycles_backend(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel __used, double avg)
594 {
595         double total, ratio = 0.0;
596         const char *color;
597
598         total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[cpu]);
599
600         if (total)
601                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
602
603         color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
604         if (ratio > 75.0)
605                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
606         else if (ratio > 50.0)
607                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
608         else if (ratio > 20.0)
609                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
610
611         fprintf(output, " #  ");
612         color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
613         fprintf(output, " backend  cycles idle   ");
614 }
615
616 static void print_branch_misses(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel __used, double avg)
617 {
618         double total, ratio = 0.0;
619         const char *color;
620
621         total = avg_stats(&runtime_branches_stats[cpu]);
622
623         if (total)
624                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
625
626         color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
627         if (ratio > 20.0)
628                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
629         else if (ratio > 10.0)
630                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
631         else if (ratio > 5.0)
632                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
633
634         fprintf(output, " #  ");
635         color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
636         fprintf(output, " of all branches        ");
637 }
638
639 static void print_l1_dcache_misses(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel __used, double avg)
640 {
641         double total, ratio = 0.0;
642         const char *color;
643
644         total = avg_stats(&runtime_l1_dcache_stats[cpu]);
645
646         if (total)
647                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
648
649         color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
650         if (ratio > 20.0)
651                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
652         else if (ratio > 10.0)
653                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
654         else if (ratio > 5.0)
655                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
656
657         fprintf(output, " #  ");
658         color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
659         fprintf(output, " of all L1-dcache hits  ");
660 }
661
662 static void print_l1_icache_misses(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel __used, double avg)
663 {
664         double total, ratio = 0.0;
665         const char *color;
666
667         total = avg_stats(&runtime_l1_icache_stats[cpu]);
668
669         if (total)
670                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
671
672         color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
673         if (ratio > 20.0)
674                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
675         else if (ratio > 10.0)
676                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
677         else if (ratio > 5.0)
678                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
679
680         fprintf(output, " #  ");
681         color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
682         fprintf(output, " of all L1-icache hits  ");
683 }
684
685 static void print_dtlb_cache_misses(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel __used, double avg)
686 {
687         double total, ratio = 0.0;
688         const char *color;
689
690         total = avg_stats(&runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[cpu]);
691
692         if (total)
693                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
694
695         color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
696         if (ratio > 20.0)
697                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
698         else if (ratio > 10.0)
699                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
700         else if (ratio > 5.0)
701                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
702
703         fprintf(output, " #  ");
704         color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
705         fprintf(output, " of all dTLB cache hits ");
706 }
707
708 static void print_itlb_cache_misses(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel __used, double avg)
709 {
710         double total, ratio = 0.0;
711         const char *color;
712
713         total = avg_stats(&runtime_itlb_cache_stats[cpu]);
714
715         if (total)
716                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
717
718         color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
719         if (ratio > 20.0)
720                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
721         else if (ratio > 10.0)
722                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
723         else if (ratio > 5.0)
724                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
725
726         fprintf(output, " #  ");
727         color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
728         fprintf(output, " of all iTLB cache hits ");
729 }
730
731 static void print_ll_cache_misses(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel __used, double avg)
732 {
733         double total, ratio = 0.0;
734         const char *color;
735
736         total = avg_stats(&runtime_ll_cache_stats[cpu]);
737
738         if (total)
739                 ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
740
741         color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
742         if (ratio > 20.0)
743                 color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
744         else if (ratio > 10.0)
745                 color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
746         else if (ratio > 5.0)
747                 color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
748
749         fprintf(output, " #  ");
750         color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
751         fprintf(output, " of all LL-cache hits   ");
752 }
753
754 static void abs_printout(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg)
755 {
756         double total, ratio = 0.0;
757         char cpustr[16] = { '\0', };
758         const char *fmt;
759
760         if (csv_output)
761                 fmt = "%s%.0f%s%s";
762         else if (big_num)
763                 fmt = "%s%'18.0f%s%-25s";
764         else
765                 fmt = "%s%18.0f%s%-25s";
766
767         if (no_aggr)
768                 sprintf(cpustr, "CPU%*d%s",
769                         csv_output ? 0 : -4,
770                         evsel_list->cpus->map[cpu], csv_sep);
771         else
772                 cpu = 0;
773
774         fprintf(output, fmt, cpustr, avg, csv_sep, event_name(evsel));
775
776         if (evsel->cgrp)
777                 fprintf(output, "%s%s", csv_sep, evsel->cgrp->name);
778
779         if (csv_output)
780                 return;
781
782         if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
783                 total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[cpu]);
784
785                 if (total)
786                         ratio = avg / total;
787
788                 fprintf(output, " #   %5.2f  insns per cycle        ", ratio);
789
790                 total = avg_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats[cpu]);
791                 total = max(total, avg_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats[cpu]));
792
793                 if (total && avg) {
794                         ratio = total / avg;
795                         fprintf(output, "\n                                             #   %5.2f  stalled cycles per insn", ratio);
796                 }
797
798         } else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_MISSES) &&
799                         runtime_branches_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
800                 print_branch_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
801         } else if (
802                 evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
803                 evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
804                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
805                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16)) &&
806                         runtime_l1_dcache_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
807                 print_l1_dcache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
808         } else if (
809                 evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
810                 evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I |
811                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
812                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16)) &&
813                         runtime_l1_icache_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
814                 print_l1_icache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
815         } else if (
816                 evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
817                 evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
818                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
819                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16)) &&
820                         runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
821                 print_dtlb_cache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
822         } else if (
823                 evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
824                 evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
825                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
826                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16)) &&
827                         runtime_itlb_cache_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
828                 print_itlb_cache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
829         } else if (
830                 evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
831                 evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
832                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
833                                         ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16)) &&
834                         runtime_ll_cache_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
835                 print_ll_cache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
836         } else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_MISSES) &&
837                         runtime_cacherefs_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
838                 total = avg_stats(&runtime_cacherefs_stats[cpu]);
839
840                 if (total)
841                         ratio = avg * 100 / total;
842
843                 fprintf(output, " # %8.3f %% of all cache refs    ", ratio);
844
845         } else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND)) {
846                 print_stalled_cycles_frontend(cpu, evsel, avg);
847         } else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND)) {
848                 print_stalled_cycles_backend(cpu, evsel, avg);
849         } else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES)) {
850                 total = avg_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu]);
851
852                 if (total)
853                         ratio = 1.0 * avg / total;
854
855                 fprintf(output, " # %8.3f GHz                    ", ratio);
856         } else if (runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
857                 total = avg_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu]);
858
859                 if (total)
860                         ratio = 1000.0 * avg / total;
861
862                 fprintf(output, " # %8.3f M/sec                  ", ratio);
863         } else {
864                 fprintf(output, "                                   ");
865         }
866 }
867
868 /*
869  * Print out the results of a single counter:
870  * aggregated counts in system-wide mode
871  */
872 static void print_counter_aggr(struct perf_evsel *counter)
873 {
874         struct perf_stat *ps = counter->priv;
875         double avg = avg_stats(&ps->res_stats[0]);
876         int scaled = counter->counts->scaled;
877
878         if (scaled == -1) {
879                 fprintf(output, "%*s%s%*s",
880                         csv_output ? 0 : 18,
881                         counter->supported ? CNTR_NOT_COUNTED : CNTR_NOT_SUPPORTED,
882                         csv_sep,
883                         csv_output ? 0 : -24,
884                         event_name(counter));
885
886                 if (counter->cgrp)
887                         fprintf(output, "%s%s", csv_sep, counter->cgrp->name);
888
889                 fputc('\n', output);
890                 return;
891         }
892
893         if (nsec_counter(counter))
894                 nsec_printout(-1, counter, avg);
895         else
896                 abs_printout(-1, counter, avg);
897
898         print_noise(counter, avg);
899
900         if (csv_output) {
901                 fputc('\n', output);
902                 return;
903         }
904
905         if (scaled) {
906                 double avg_enabled, avg_running;
907
908                 avg_enabled = avg_stats(&ps->res_stats[1]);
909                 avg_running = avg_stats(&ps->res_stats[2]);
910
911                 fprintf(output, " [%5.2f%%]", 100 * avg_running / avg_enabled);
912         }
913         fprintf(output, "\n");
914 }
915
916 /*
917  * Print out the results of a single counter:
918  * does not use aggregated count in system-wide
919  */
920 static void print_counter(struct perf_evsel *counter)
921 {
922         u64 ena, run, val;
923         int cpu;
924
925         for (cpu = 0; cpu < evsel_list->cpus->nr; cpu++) {
926                 val = counter->counts->cpu[cpu].val;
927                 ena = counter->counts->cpu[cpu].ena;
928                 run = counter->counts->cpu[cpu].run;
929                 if (run == 0 || ena == 0) {
930                         fprintf(output, "CPU%*d%s%*s%s%*s",
931                                 csv_output ? 0 : -4,
932                                 evsel_list->cpus->map[cpu], csv_sep,
933                                 csv_output ? 0 : 18,
934                                 counter->supported ? CNTR_NOT_COUNTED : CNTR_NOT_SUPPORTED,
935                                 csv_sep,
936                                 csv_output ? 0 : -24,
937                                 event_name(counter));
938
939                         if (counter->cgrp)
940                                 fprintf(output, "%s%s",
941                                         csv_sep, counter->cgrp->name);
942
943                         fputc('\n', output);
944                         continue;
945                 }
946
947                 if (nsec_counter(counter))
948                         nsec_printout(cpu, counter, val);
949                 else
950                         abs_printout(cpu, counter, val);
951
952                 if (!csv_output) {
953                         print_noise(counter, 1.0);
954
955                         if (run != ena)
956                                 fprintf(output, "  (%.2f%%)",
957                                         100.0 * run / ena);
958                 }
959                 fputc('\n', output);
960         }
961 }
962
963 static void print_stat(int argc, const char **argv)
964 {
965         struct perf_evsel *counter;
966         int i;
967
968         fflush(stdout);
969
970         if (!csv_output) {
971                 fprintf(output, "\n");
972                 fprintf(output, " Performance counter stats for ");
973                 if(target_pid == -1 && target_tid == -1) {
974                         fprintf(output, "\'%s", argv[0]);
975                         for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
976                                 fprintf(output, " %s", argv[i]);
977                 } else if (target_pid != -1)
978                         fprintf(output, "process id \'%d", target_pid);
979                 else
980                         fprintf(output, "thread id \'%d", target_tid);
981
982                 fprintf(output, "\'");
983                 if (run_count > 1)
984                         fprintf(output, " (%d runs)", run_count);
985                 fprintf(output, ":\n\n");
986         }
987
988         if (no_aggr) {
989                 list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node)
990                         print_counter(counter);
991         } else {
992                 list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node)
993                         print_counter_aggr(counter);
994         }
995
996         if (!csv_output) {
997                 if (!null_run)
998                         fprintf(output, "\n");
999                 fprintf(output, " %17.9f seconds time elapsed",
1000                                 avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats)/1e9);
1001                 if (run_count > 1) {
1002                         fprintf(output, "                                        ");
1003                         print_noise_pct(stddev_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats),
1004                                         avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats));
1005                 }
1006                 fprintf(output, "\n\n");
1007         }
1008 }
1009
1010 static volatile int signr = -1;
1011
1012 static void skip_signal(int signo)
1013 {
1014         if(child_pid == -1)
1015                 done = 1;
1016
1017         signr = signo;
1018 }
1019
1020 static void sig_atexit(void)
1021 {
1022         if (child_pid != -1)
1023                 kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);
1024
1025         if (signr == -1)
1026                 return;
1027
1028         signal(signr, SIG_DFL);
1029         kill(getpid(), signr);
1030 }
1031
1032 static const char * const stat_usage[] = {
1033         "perf stat [<options>] [<command>]",
1034         NULL
1035 };
1036
1037 static int stat__set_big_num(const struct option *opt __used,
1038                              const char *s __used, int unset)
1039 {
1040         big_num_opt = unset ? 0 : 1;
1041         return 0;
1042 }
1043
1044 static bool append_file;
1045
1046 static const struct option options[] = {
1047         OPT_CALLBACK('e', "event", &evsel_list, "event",
1048                      "event selector. use 'perf list' to list available events",
1049                      parse_events_option),
1050         OPT_CALLBACK(0, "filter", &evsel_list, "filter",
1051                      "event filter", parse_filter),
1052         OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "no-inherit", &no_inherit,
1053                     "child tasks do not inherit counters"),
1054         OPT_INTEGER('p', "pid", &target_pid,
1055                     "stat events on existing process id"),
1056         OPT_INTEGER('t', "tid", &target_tid,
1057                     "stat events on existing thread id"),
1058         OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all-cpus", &system_wide,
1059                     "system-wide collection from all CPUs"),
1060         OPT_BOOLEAN('g', "group", &group,
1061                     "put the counters into a counter group"),
1062         OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "scale", &scale,
1063                     "scale/normalize counters"),
1064         OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose,
1065                     "be more verbose (show counter open errors, etc)"),
1066         OPT_INTEGER('r', "repeat", &run_count,
1067                     "repeat command and print average + stddev (max: 100)"),
1068         OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "null", &null_run,
1069                     "null run - dont start any counters"),
1070         OPT_INCR('d', "detailed", &detailed_run,
1071                     "detailed run - start a lot of events"),
1072         OPT_BOOLEAN('S', "sync", &sync_run,
1073                     "call sync() before starting a run"),
1074         OPT_CALLBACK_NOOPT('B', "big-num", NULL, NULL, 
1075                            "print large numbers with thousands\' separators",
1076                            stat__set_big_num),
1077         OPT_STRING('C', "cpu", &cpu_list, "cpu",
1078                     "list of cpus to monitor in system-wide"),
1079         OPT_BOOLEAN('A', "no-aggr", &no_aggr,
1080                     "disable CPU count aggregation"),
1081         OPT_STRING('x', "field-separator", &csv_sep, "separator",
1082                    "print counts with custom separator"),
1083         OPT_CALLBACK('G', "cgroup", &evsel_list, "name",
1084                      "monitor event in cgroup name only",
1085                      parse_cgroups),
1086         OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output_name, "file",
1087                     "output file name"),
1088         OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "append", &append_file, "append to the output file"),
1089         OPT_INTEGER(0, "log-fd", &output_fd,
1090                     "log output to fd, instead of stderr"),
1091         OPT_END()
1092 };
1093
1094 /*
1095  * Add default attributes, if there were no attributes specified or
1096  * if -d/--detailed, -d -d or -d -d -d is used:
1097  */
1098 static int add_default_attributes(void)
1099 {
1100         struct perf_evsel *pos;
1101         size_t attr_nr = 0;
1102         size_t c;
1103
1104         /* Set attrs if no event is selected and !null_run: */
1105         if (null_run)
1106                 return 0;
1107
1108         if (!evsel_list->nr_entries) {
1109                 for (c = 0; c < ARRAY_SIZE(default_attrs); c++) {
1110                         pos = perf_evsel__new(default_attrs + c, c + attr_nr);
1111                         if (pos == NULL)
1112                                 return -1;
1113                         perf_evlist__add(evsel_list, pos);
1114                 }
1115                 attr_nr += c;
1116         }
1117
1118         /* Detailed events get appended to the event list: */
1119
1120         if (detailed_run <  1)
1121                 return 0;
1122
1123         /* Append detailed run extra attributes: */
1124         for (c = 0; c < ARRAY_SIZE(detailed_attrs); c++) {
1125                 pos = perf_evsel__new(detailed_attrs + c, c + attr_nr);
1126                 if (pos == NULL)
1127                         return -1;
1128                 perf_evlist__add(evsel_list, pos);
1129         }
1130         attr_nr += c;
1131
1132         if (detailed_run < 2)
1133                 return 0;
1134
1135         /* Append very detailed run extra attributes: */
1136         for (c = 0; c < ARRAY_SIZE(very_detailed_attrs); c++) {
1137                 pos = perf_evsel__new(very_detailed_attrs + c, c + attr_nr);
1138                 if (pos == NULL)
1139                         return -1;
1140                 perf_evlist__add(evsel_list, pos);
1141         }
1142
1143         if (detailed_run < 3)
1144                 return 0;
1145
1146         /* Append very, very detailed run extra attributes: */
1147         for (c = 0; c < ARRAY_SIZE(very_very_detailed_attrs); c++) {
1148                 pos = perf_evsel__new(very_very_detailed_attrs + c, c + attr_nr);
1149                 if (pos == NULL)
1150                         return -1;
1151                 perf_evlist__add(evsel_list, pos);
1152         }
1153
1154
1155         return 0;
1156 }
1157
1158 int cmd_stat(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix __used)
1159 {
1160         struct perf_evsel *pos;
1161         int status = -ENOMEM;
1162         const char *mode;
1163
1164         setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
1165
1166         evsel_list = perf_evlist__new(NULL, NULL);
1167         if (evsel_list == NULL)
1168                 return -ENOMEM;
1169
1170         argc = parse_options(argc, argv, options, stat_usage,
1171                 PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
1172
1173         output = stderr;
1174         if (output_name && strcmp(output_name, "-"))
1175                 output = NULL;
1176
1177         if (output_name && output_fd) {
1178                 fprintf(stderr, "cannot use both --output and --log-fd\n");
1179                 usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
1180         }
1181         if (!output) {
1182                 struct timespec tm;
1183                 mode = append_file ? "a" : "w";
1184
1185                 output = fopen(output_name, mode);
1186                 if (!output) {
1187                         perror("failed to create output file");
1188                         exit(-1);
1189                 }
1190                 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tm);
1191                 fprintf(output, "# started on %s\n", ctime(&tm.tv_sec));
1192         } else if (output_fd != 2) {
1193                 mode = append_file ? "a" : "w";
1194                 output = fdopen(output_fd, mode);
1195                 if (!output) {
1196                         perror("Failed opening logfd");
1197                         return -errno;
1198                 }
1199         }
1200
1201         if (csv_sep)
1202                 csv_output = true;
1203         else
1204                 csv_sep = DEFAULT_SEPARATOR;
1205
1206         /*
1207          * let the spreadsheet do the pretty-printing
1208          */
1209         if (csv_output) {
1210                 /* User explicitely passed -B? */
1211                 if (big_num_opt == 1) {
1212                         fprintf(stderr, "-B option not supported with -x\n");
1213                         usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
1214                 } else /* Nope, so disable big number formatting */
1215                         big_num = false;
1216         } else if (big_num_opt == 0) /* User passed --no-big-num */
1217                 big_num = false;
1218
1219         if (!argc && target_pid == -1 && target_tid == -1)
1220                 usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
1221         if (run_count <= 0)
1222                 usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
1223
1224         /* no_aggr, cgroup are for system-wide only */
1225         if ((no_aggr || nr_cgroups) && !system_wide) {
1226                 fprintf(stderr, "both cgroup and no-aggregation "
1227                         "modes only available in system-wide mode\n");
1228
1229                 usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
1230         }
1231
1232         if (add_default_attributes())
1233                 goto out;
1234
1235         if (target_pid != -1)
1236                 target_tid = target_pid;
1237
1238         evsel_list->threads = thread_map__new(target_pid, target_tid);
1239         if (evsel_list->threads == NULL) {
1240                 pr_err("Problems finding threads of monitor\n");
1241                 usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
1242         }
1243
1244         if (system_wide)
1245                 evsel_list->cpus = cpu_map__new(cpu_list);
1246         else
1247                 evsel_list->cpus = cpu_map__dummy_new();
1248
1249         if (evsel_list->cpus == NULL) {
1250                 perror("failed to parse CPUs map");
1251                 usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
1252                 return -1;
1253         }
1254
1255         list_for_each_entry(pos, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
1256                 if (perf_evsel__alloc_stat_priv(pos) < 0 ||
1257                     perf_evsel__alloc_counts(pos, evsel_list->cpus->nr) < 0 ||
1258                     perf_evsel__alloc_fd(pos, evsel_list->cpus->nr, evsel_list->threads->nr) < 0)
1259                         goto out_free_fd;
1260         }
1261
1262         /*
1263          * We dont want to block the signals - that would cause
1264          * child tasks to inherit that and Ctrl-C would not work.
1265          * What we want is for Ctrl-C to work in the exec()-ed
1266          * task, but being ignored by perf stat itself:
1267          */
1268         atexit(sig_atexit);
1269         signal(SIGINT,  skip_signal);
1270         signal(SIGALRM, skip_signal);
1271         signal(SIGABRT, skip_signal);
1272
1273         status = 0;
1274         for (run_idx = 0; run_idx < run_count; run_idx++) {
1275                 if (run_count != 1 && verbose)
1276                         fprintf(output, "[ perf stat: executing run #%d ... ]\n",
1277                                 run_idx + 1);
1278
1279                 if (sync_run)
1280                         sync();
1281
1282                 status = run_perf_stat(argc, argv);
1283         }
1284
1285         if (status != -1)
1286                 print_stat(argc, argv);
1287 out_free_fd:
1288         list_for_each_entry(pos, &evsel_list->entries, node)
1289                 perf_evsel__free_stat_priv(pos);
1290         perf_evlist__delete_maps(evsel_list);
1291 out:
1292         perf_evlist__delete(evsel_list);
1293         return status;
1294 }