- Output values are writable (high=1, low=0). Some chips also have
options about how that value is driven, so that for example only one
value might be driven ... supporting "wire-OR" and similar schemes
- for the other value.
+ for the other value (notably, "open drain" signaling).
- Input values are likewise readable (1, 0). Some chips support readback
of pins configured as "output", which is very useful in such "wire-OR"
when the IRQ is edge-triggered.
+Emulating Open Drain Signals
+----------------------------
+Sometimes shared signals need to use "open drain" signaling, where only the
+low signal level is actually driven. (That term applies to CMOS transistors;
+"open collector" is used for TTL.) A pullup resistor causes the high signal
+level. This is sometimes called a "wire-AND"; or more practically, from the
+negative logic (low=true) perspective this is a "wire-OR".
+
+One common example of an open drain signal is a shared active-low IRQ line.
+Also, bidirectional data bus signals sometimes use open drain signals.
+
+Some GPIO controllers directly support open drain outputs; many don't. When
+you need open drain signaling but your hardware doesn't directly support it,
+there's a common idiom you can use to emulate it with any GPIO pin that can
+be used as either an input or an output:
+
+ LOW: gpio_direction_output(gpio, 0) ... this drives the signal
+ and overrides the pullup.
+
+ HIGH: gpio_direction_input(gpio) ... this turns off the output,
+ so the pullup (or some other device) controls the signal.
+
+If you are "driving" the signal high but gpio_get_value(gpio) reports a low
+value (after the appropriate rise time passes), you know some other component
+is driving the shared signal low. That's not necessarily an error. As one
+common example, that's how I2C clocks are stretched: a slave that needs a
+slower clock delays the rising edge of SCK, and the I2C master adjusts its
+signaling rate accordingly.
+
What do these conventions omit?
===============================
"already be removed \n");
return;
}
+
+ remove_proc_entry(hba[i]->devname, proc_cciss);
+ unregister_blkdev(hba[i]->major, hba[i]->devname);
+
+ /* remove it from the disk list */
+ for (j = 0; j < CISS_MAX_LUN; j++) {
+ struct gendisk *disk = hba[i]->gendisk[j];
+ if (disk) {
+ request_queue_t *q = disk->queue;
+
+ if (disk->flags & GENHD_FL_UP)
+ del_gendisk(disk);
+ if (q)
+ blk_cleanup_queue(q);
+ }
+ }
+
+ cciss_unregister_scsi(i); /* unhook from SCSI subsystem */
+
/* Turn board interrupts off and send the flush cache command */
/* sendcmd will turn off interrupt, and send the flush...
* To write all data in the battery backed cache to disks */
#endif /* CONFIG_PCI_MSI */
iounmap(hba[i]->vaddr);
- cciss_unregister_scsi(i); /* unhook from SCSI subsystem */
- unregister_blkdev(hba[i]->major, hba[i]->devname);
- remove_proc_entry(hba[i]->devname, proc_cciss);
-
- /* remove it from the disk list */
- for (j = 0; j < CISS_MAX_LUN; j++) {
- struct gendisk *disk = hba[i]->gendisk[j];
- if (disk) {
- request_queue_t *q = disk->queue;
-
- if (disk->flags & GENHD_FL_UP)
- del_gendisk(disk);
- if (q)
- blk_cleanup_queue(q);
- }
- }
pci_free_consistent(hba[i]->pdev, hba[i]->nr_cmds * sizeof(CommandList_struct),
hba[i]->cmd_pool, hba[i]->cmd_pool_dhandle);
/* We need 4 bits per page, rounded up to a multiple of sizeof(unsigned long) */
bitmap->filemap_attr = kzalloc(
- (((num_pages*4/8)+sizeof(unsigned long)-1)
- /sizeof(unsigned long))
- *sizeof(unsigned long),
+ roundup( DIV_ROUND_UP(num_pages*4, 8), sizeof(unsigned long)),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!bitmap->filemap_attr)
goto out;
if (inf) {
struct autofs_sb_info *sbi = autofs4_sbi(de->d_sb);
- inf->dentry = NULL;
- inf->inode = NULL;
-
if (sbi) {
spin_lock(&sbi->rehash_lock);
if (!list_empty(&inf->rehash))
spin_unlock(&sbi->rehash_lock);
}
+ inf->dentry = NULL;
+ inf->inode = NULL;
+
autofs4_free_ino(inf);
}
}
{
key->on_disk_key.k_objectid--;
set_cpu_key_k_type(key, TYPE_ANY);
- set_cpu_key_k_offset(key, (loff_t) (-1));
+ set_cpu_key_k_offset(key, (loff_t)(~0ULL >> 1));
}
static int sd_is_left_mergeable(struct reiserfs_key *key, unsigned long bsize)
{
struct kparam_string *kps = kp->arg;
+ if (!val) {
+ printk(KERN_ERR "%s: missing param set value\n", kp->name);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
if (strlen(val)+1 > kps->maxlen) {
printk(KERN_ERR "%s: string doesn't fit in %u chars.\n",
kp->name, kps->maxlen-1);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(mem_map);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__vm_enough_memory);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(num_physpages);
/* list of shareable VMAs */
struct rb_root nommu_vma_tree = RB_ROOT;