KernelVersion v2.6.22
Contact: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
Description: Current state of the transmitter.
- This file is deprecated and sheduled to be removed in 2014,
+ This file is deprecated and scheduled to be removed in 2014,
because its not possible to express the 'soft and hard block'
state of the rfkill driver.
Values: A numeric value.
The name of the module that is in the kernel. This
module name will show up either if the module is built
directly into the kernel, or if it is loaded as a
- dyanmic module.
+ dynamic module.
/sys/module/MODULENAME/parameters
This directory contains individual files that are each
<listitem>
<para>
- !BSY && ERR after CDB tranfer starts but before the
+ !BSY && ERR after CDB transfer starts but before the
last byte of CDB is transferred. ATA/ATAPI standard states
that "The device shall not terminate the PACKET command
with an error before the last byte of the command packet has
to complete a command. Combined with the fact that MWDMA
and PIO transfer errors aren't allowed to use ICRC bit up to
ATA/ATAPI-7, it seems to imply that ABRT bit alone could
- indicate tranfer errors.
+ indicate transfer errors.
</para>
<para>
However, ATA/ATAPI-8 draft revision 1f removes the part
<entry><para><link
linkend="pixfmt-rgb"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR32</constant></link><footnote>
<para>Presumably all V4L RGB formats are
-little-endian, although some drivers might interpret them according to machine endianess. V4L2 defines little-endian, big-endian and red/blue
+little-endian, although some drivers might interpret them according to machine endianness. V4L2 defines little-endian, big-endian and red/blue
swapped variants. For details see <xref linkend="pixfmt-rgb" />.</para>
</footnote></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>sample_format</entry>
<entry>V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY. The last four bytes (a
-machine endianess integer) contain a frame counter.</entry>
+machine endianness integer) contain a frame counter.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start[]</entry>
the implementation of a library call) when optimizing for a recent enough
processor that has the necessary native support, but only if resulting
binaries are already to be incompatible with earlier ARM processors due to
-useage of similar native instructions for other things. In other words
+usage of similar native instructions for other things. In other words
don't make binaries unable to run on earlier processors just for the sake
of not using these kernel helpers if your compiled code is not going to
use new instructions for other purpose.
Hierarchical Cgroups
====================
-- Currently none of the IO control policy supports hierarhical groups. But
- cgroup interface does allow creation of hierarhical cgroups and internally
+- Currently none of the IO control policy supports hierarchical groups. But
+ cgroup interface does allow creation of hierarchical cgroups and internally
IO policies treat them as flat hierarchy.
- So this patch will allow creation of cgroup hierarhcy but at the backend
+ So this patch will allow creation of cgroup hierarchcy but at the backend
everything will be treated as flat. So if somebody created a hierarchy like
as follows.
- blkio.idle_time
- Debugging aid only enabled if CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP=y.
This is the amount of time spent by the IO scheduler idling for a
- given cgroup in anticipation of a better request than the exising ones
+ given cgroup in anticipation of a better request than the existing ones
from other queues/cgroups. This is in nanoseconds. If this is read
when the cgroup is in an idling state, the stat will only report the
idle_time accumulated till the last idle period and will not include
-----------------------------------
- blkio.throttle.read_bps_device
- Specifies upper limit on READ rate from the device. IO rate is
- specified in bytes per second. Rules are per deivce. Following is
+ specified in bytes per second. Rules are per device. Following is
the format.
echo "<major>:<minor> <rate_bytes_per_second>" > /cgrp/blkio.throttle.read_bps_device
- blkio.throttle.write_bps_device
- Specifies upper limit on WRITE rate to the device. IO rate is
- specified in bytes per second. Rules are per deivce. Following is
+ specified in bytes per second. Rules are per device. Following is
the format.
echo "<major>:<minor> <rate_bytes_per_second>" > /cgrp/blkio.throttle.write_bps_device
- blkio.throttle.read_iops_device
- Specifies upper limit on READ rate from the device. IO rate is
- specified in IO per second. Rules are per deivce. Following is
+ specified in IO per second. Rules are per device. Following is
the format.
echo "<major>:<minor> <rate_io_per_second>" > /cgrp/blkio.throttle.read_iops_device
- blkio.throttle.write_iops_device
- Specifies upper limit on WRITE rate to the device. IO rate is
- specified in io per second. Rules are per deivce. Following is
+ specified in io per second. Rules are per device. Following is
the format.
echo "<major>:<minor> <rate_io_per_second>" > /cgrp/blkio.throttle.write_iops_device
Note: If both BW and IOPS rules are specified for a device, then IO is
- subjectd to both the constraints.
+ subjected to both the constraints.
- blkio.throttle.io_serviced
- Number of IOs (bio) completed to/from the disk by the group (as
raid6_nc RAID6 N continue
- rotating parity N (right-to-left) with data continuation
- Refererence: Chapter 4 of
+ Reference: Chapter 4 of
http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SNIA_DDF_Technical_Position_v2.0.pdf
<#raid_params>: The number of parameters that follow.
The more-sophisticated device-mapper targets require complex metadata
that is managed in kernel. In late 2010 we were seeing that various
-different targets were rolling their own data strutures, for example:
+different targets were rolling their own data structures, for example:
- Mikulas Patocka's multisnap implementation
- Heinz Mauelshagen's thin provisioning target
On top of that an omap_device is created to extend the platform_device
capabilities and to allow binding with one or several hwmods.
The hwmods will contain all the information to build the device:
-adresse range, irq lines, dma lines, interconnect, PRCM register,
+address range, irq lines, dma lines, interconnect, PRCM register,
clock domain, input clocks.
For the moment just point to the existing hwmod, the next step will be
to move data from hwmod to device-tree representation.
-prima2 "cb" evalutation board
+prima2 "cb" evaluation board
Required root node properties:
- compatible = "sirf,prima2-cb", "sirf,prima2";
b) Entry with a flattened device-tree block. Firmware loads the
physical address of the flattened device tree block (dtb) into r2,
- r1 is not used, but it is considered good practise to use a valid
+ r1 is not used, but it is considered good practice to use a valid
machine number as described in Documentation/arm/Booting.
r0 : 0
struct dma_slave_config *config)
Please see the dma_slave_config structure definition in dmaengine.h
- for a detailed explaination of the struct members. Please note
+ for a detailed explanation of the struct members. Please note
that the 'direction' member will be going away as it duplicates the
direction given in the prepare call.
effect without `init'.
sdram - tells to driver that you have Gxx0 with SDRAM memory.
It is a default.
-inv24 - change timings parameters for 24bpp modes on Millenium and
- Millenium II. Specify this if you see strange color shadows around
+inv24 - change timings parameters for 24bpp modes on Millennium and
+ Millennium II. Specify this if you see strange color shadows around
characters.
noinv24 - use standard timings. It is the default.
inverse - invert colors on screen (for LCD displays)
can paint colors.
nograyscale - disable grayscale summing. It is default.
cross4MB - enables that pixel line can cross 4MB boundary. It is default for
- non-Millenium.
+ non-Millennium.
nocross4MB - pixel line must not cross 4MB boundary. It is default for
- Millenium I or II, because of these devices have hardware
+ Millennium I or II, because of these devices have hardware
limitations which do not allow this. But this option is
incompatible with some (if not all yet released) versions of
XF86_FBDev.
fast disks, at the cost of increasing latency.
journal_ioprio=prio The I/O priority (from 0 to 7, where 0 is the
- highest priorty) which should be used for I/O
+ highest priority) which should be used for I/O
operations submitted by kjournald2 during a
commit operation. This defaults to 3, which is
a slightly higher priority than the default I/O
init_itable=n The lazy itable init code will wait n times the
number of milliseconds it took to zero out the
previous block group's inode table. This
- minimizes the impact on the systme performance
+ minimizes the impact on the system performance
while file system's inode table is being initialized.
discard Controls whether ext4 should issue discard/TRIM
The REMOVE uevent is generated at the end of an unsuccessful mount
or at the end of a umount of the filesystem. All REMOVE uevents will
-have been preceded by at least an ADD uevent for the same fileystem,
+have been preceded by at least an ADD uevent for the same filesystem,
and unlike the other uevents is generated automatically by the kernel's
kobject subsystem.
so one can extend protocol as needed without breaking backward compatibility as long
as old commands are supported. All string lengths include tail 0 byte.
-All commands are transferred over the network in big-endian. CPU endianess is used at the end peers.
+All commands are transferred over the network in big-endian. CPU endianness is used at the end peers.
@cmd - command number, which specifies command to be processed. Following
commands are used currently:
If the 'rcu_walk' parameter is true, then the caller is doing a
pathwalk in RCU-walk mode. Sleeping is not permitted in this mode,
- and the caller can be asked to leave it and call again by returing
+ and the caller can be asked to leave it and call again by returning
-ECHILD.
This function is only used if DCACHE_MANAGE_TRANSIT is set on the
in1_label "vin1" or "vout1" depending on chip variant and
configuration.
in1_input Measured voltage.
-in1_min Minumum Voltage.
+in1_min Minimum Voltage.
in1_max Maximum voltage.
in1_min_alarm Voltage low alarm.
in1_max_alarm Voltage high alarm.
in[1-4]_label "vout[1-4]"
in[1-4]_input Measured voltage. From READ_VOUT register.
-in[1-4]_min Minumum Voltage. From VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
+in[1-4]_min Minimum Voltage. From VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
in[1-4]_max Maximum voltage. From VOUT_OV_WARN_LIMIT register.
-in[1-4]_lcrit Critical minumum Voltage. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
+in[1-4]_lcrit Critical minimum Voltage. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in[1-4]_crit Critical maximum voltage. From VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in[1-4]_min_alarm Voltage low alarm. From VOLTAGE_UV_WARNING status.
in[1-4]_max_alarm Voltage high alarm. From VOLTAGE_OV_WARNING status.
in[1-6]_label "vout[1-6]".
in[1-6]_input Measured voltage. From READ_VOUT register.
-in[1-6]_min Minumum Voltage. From VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
+in[1-6]_min Minimum Voltage. From VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
in[1-6]_max Maximum voltage. From VOUT_OV_WARN_LIMIT register.
-in[1-6]_lcrit Critical minumum Voltage. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
+in[1-6]_lcrit Critical minimum Voltage. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in[1-6]_crit Critical maximum voltage. From VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in[1-6]_min_alarm Voltage low alarm. From VOLTAGE_UV_WARNING status.
in[1-6]_max_alarm Voltage high alarm. From VOLTAGE_OV_WARNING status.
in1_label "vout1"
in1_input Measured voltage. From READ_VOUT register.
-in1_min Minumum Voltage. From VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
+in1_min Minimum Voltage. From VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
in1_max Maximum voltage. From VOUT_OV_WARN_LIMIT register.
-in1_lcrit Critical minumum Voltage. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
+in1_lcrit Critical minimum Voltage. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in1_crit Critical maximum voltage. From VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in1_min_alarm Voltage low alarm. From VOLTAGE_UV_WARNING status.
in1_max_alarm Voltage high alarm. From VOLTAGE_OV_WARNING status.
in[1-12]_label "vout[1-12]".
in[1-12]_input Measured voltage. From READ_VOUT register.
-in[1-12]_min Minumum Voltage. From VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
+in[1-12]_min Minimum Voltage. From VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
in[1-12]_max Maximum voltage. From VOUT_OV_WARN_LIMIT register.
-in[1-12]_lcrit Critical minumum Voltage. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
+in[1-12]_lcrit Critical minimum Voltage. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in[1-12]_crit Critical maximum voltage. From VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in[1-12]_min_alarm Voltage low alarm. From VOLTAGE_UV_WARNING status.
in[1-12]_max_alarm Voltage high alarm. From VOLTAGE_OV_WARNING status.
curr[1-12]_label "iout[1-12]".
curr[1-12]_input Measured current. From READ_IOUT register.
curr[1-12]_max Maximum current. From IOUT_OC_WARN_LIMIT register.
-curr[1-12]_lcrit Critical minumum output current. From IOUT_UC_FAULT_LIMIT
+curr[1-12]_lcrit Critical minimum output current. From IOUT_UC_FAULT_LIMIT
register.
curr[1-12]_crit Critical maximum current. From IOUT_OC_FAULT_LIMIT register.
curr[1-12]_max_alarm Current high alarm. From IOUT_OC_WARNING status.
in1_label "vin".
in1_input Measured voltage. From READ_VIN register.
-in1_min Minumum Voltage. From VIN_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
+in1_min Minimum Voltage. From VIN_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
in1_max Maximum voltage. From VIN_OV_WARN_LIMIT register.
-in1_lcrit Critical minumum Voltage. VIN_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
+in1_lcrit Critical minimum Voltage. VIN_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in1_crit Critical maximum voltage. From VIN_OV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in1_min_alarm Voltage low alarm. From VIN_UV_WARNING status.
in1_max_alarm Voltage high alarm. From VIN_OV_WARNING status.
in[2-5]_label "vout[1-4]".
in[2-5]_input Measured voltage. From READ_VOUT register.
-in[2-5]_min Minumum Voltage. From VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
+in[2-5]_min Minimum Voltage. From VOUT_UV_WARN_LIMIT register.
in[2-5]_max Maximum voltage. From VOUT_OV_WARN_LIMIT register.
-in[2-5]_lcrit Critical minumum Voltage. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
+in[2-5]_lcrit Critical minimum Voltage. VOUT_UV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in[2-5]_crit Critical maximum voltage. From VOUT_OV_FAULT_LIMIT register.
in[2-5]_min_alarm Voltage low alarm. From VOLTAGE_UV_WARNING status.
in[2-5]_max_alarm Voltage high alarm. From VOLTAGE_OV_WARNING status.
curr[2-5]_label "iout[1-4]".
curr[2-5]_input Measured current. From READ_IOUT register.
curr[2-5]_max Maximum current. From IOUT_OC_WARN_LIMIT register.
-curr[2-5]_lcrit Critical minumum output current. From IOUT_UC_FAULT_LIMIT
+curr[2-5]_lcrit Critical minimum output current. From IOUT_UC_FAULT_LIMIT
register.
curr[2-5]_crit Critical maximum current. From IOUT_OC_FAULT_LIMIT register.
curr[2-5]_max_alarm Current high alarm. From IOUT_OC_WARNING status.
in1_input Measured input voltage.
in1_min Minimum input voltage.
in1_max Maximum input voltage.
-in1_lcrit Critical minumum input voltage.
+in1_lcrit Critical minimum input voltage.
in1_crit Critical maximum input voltage.
in1_min_alarm Input voltage low alarm.
in1_max_alarm Input voltage high alarm.
in2_label "vout1"
in2_input Measured output voltage.
-in2_lcrit Critical minumum output Voltage.
+in2_lcrit Critical minimum output Voltage.
in2_crit Critical maximum output voltage.
in2_lcrit_alarm Critical output voltage critical low alarm.
in2_crit_alarm Critical output voltage critical high alarm.
The return value is the size in bytes of the data written into
ops->resbuf if no errors occur. If an error occurs, -1 is returned
- and errno is set appropriatly:
+ and errno is set appropriately:
EFAULT Invalid user space pointer was passed
ENXIO Invalid IOP number
RETURNS
This function returns 0 no errors occur. If an error occurs, -1
- is returned and errno is set appropriatly:
+ is returned and errno is set appropriately:
EFAULT Invalid user space pointer was passed
ENXIO Invalid IOP number
RETURNS
This function returns 0 if no errors occur. If an error occurs, -1
- is returned and errno is set appropriatly:
+ is returned and errno is set appropriately:
EFAULT Invalid user space pointer was passed
ENXIO Invalid IOP number
RETURNS
This function returns 0 if no errors occur. If an error occurs, -1
- is returned and errno is set appropriatly:
+ is returned and errno is set appropriately:
EFAULT Invalid user space pointer was passed
ENXIO Invalid IOP number
RETURNS
This function returns 0 if no erro occur. If an error occurs, -1 is
- returned and errno is set appropriatly:
+ returned and errno is set appropriately:
ETIMEDOUT Timeout waiting for reply message
ENXIO Invalid IOP number
RETURNS
This function returns 0 if no error occur. If an error occurs, -1
- is returned and errno is set appropriatly:
+ is returned and errno is set appropriately:
EFAULT Invalid user space pointer was passed
ENXIO Invalid IOP number
* since the .pdf version doesn't seem to work...
* -- Updated the TODO list to something more current.
*
- * 4.15 Aug 25, 1998 -- Updated ide-cd.h to respect mechine endianess,
+ * 4.15 Aug 25, 1998 -- Updated ide-cd.h to respect machine endianness,
* patch thanks to "Eddie C. Dost" <ecd@skynet.be>
*
* 4.50 Oct 19, 1998 -- New maintainers!
byte 5: 0 1 ? ? ? ? f1 f0
This packet only appears after a position packet with the mt bit set, and
-ususally only appears when there are two or more contacts (although
-ocassionally it's seen with only a single contact).
+usually only appears when there are two or more contacts (although
+occassionally it's seen with only a single contact).
The final v3 packet type is the trackstick packet.
The TM DirectConnect (BSP) protocol is supported by the tmdc.c
module. This includes, but is not limited to:
-* ThrustMaster Millenium 3D Inceptor
+* ThrustMaster Millennium 3D Interceptor
* ThrustMaster 3D Rage Pad
* ThrustMaster Fusion Digital Game Pad
if CHS/LBA28
The association between in_flags.all and each enable
- bitfield flips depending on endianess; fortunately, TASKFILE
+ bitfield flips depending on endianness; fortunately, TASKFILE
only uses inflags.b.data bit and ignores all other bits.
The end result is that, on any endian machines, it has no
effect other than modifying in_flags on completion.
[6] Do not access {in|out}_flags->all except for resetting
all the bits. Always access individual bit fields. ->all
- value will flip depending on endianess. For the same
+ value will flip depending on endianness. For the same
reason, do not use IDE_{TASKFILE|HOB}_STD_{OUT|IN}_FLAGS
constants defined in hdreg.h.
This attribute is only applicable to menu blocks, if the condition is
false, the menu block is not displayed to the user (the symbols
contained there can still be selected by other symbols, though). It is
- similar to a conditional "prompt" attribude for individual menu
+ similar to a conditional "prompt" attribute for individual menu
entries. Default value of "visible" is true.
- numerical ranges: "range" <symbol> <symbol> ["if" <expr>]
the various ForeThought software distributions.
Notice that different versions of the PCA-200E firmware exist, depending
-on the endianess of the host architecture. The driver is shipped with
+on the endianness of the host architecture. The driver is shipped with
both little and big endian PCA firmware images.
Name and location of the new firmware images can be set at kernel
* lpfc_els_timeout_handler() now uses system timer.
* Further cleanup of #ifdef powerpc
* lpfc_scsi_timeout_handler() now uses system timer.
- * Replace common driver's own defines for endianess w/ Linux's
+ * Replace common driver's own defines for endianness w/ Linux's
__BIG_ENDIAN etc.
* Added #ifdef IPFC for all IPFC specific code.
* lpfc_disc_retry_rptlun() now uses system timer.
3 Older Version : 00.00.02.02
i. Register 16 byte CDB capability with scsi midlayer
- "Ths patch properly registers the 16 byte command length capability of the
+ "This patch properly registers the 16 byte command length capability of the
megaraid_sas controlled hardware with the scsi midlayer. All megaraid_sas
hardware supports 16 byte CDB's."
ftp://student.physik.uni-dortmund.de/pub/linux/kernel/bootdisk.gz
One more warning: I used to overclock my PCI bus to 41.67 MHz. My Tekram
-DC390F (Sym53c875) accepted this as well as my Millenium. But the Am53C974
+DC390F (Sym53c875) accepted this as well as my Millennium. But the Am53C974
produced errors and started to corrupt my disks. So don't do that! A 37.50
MHz PCI bus works for me, though, but I don't recommend using higher clocks
than the 33.33 MHz being in the PCI spec.
3 : log denied & accepted
Events are logged as 'key=value' pairs, for each event you at least will get
-the subjet, the object, the rights requested, the action, the kernel function
+the subject, the object, the rights requested, the action, the kernel function
that triggered the event, plus other pairs depending on the type of event
audited.
Trusted and Encrypted Keys
Trusted and Encrypted Keys are two new key types added to the existing kernel
-key ring service. Both of these new types are variable length symmetic keys,
+key ring service. Both of these new types are variable length symmetric keys,
and in both cases all keys are created in the kernel, and user space sees,
stores, and loads only encrypted blobs. Trusted Keys require the availability
of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip for greater security, while Encrypted
If the kernel calls back to userspace to complete the instantiation of a
key, userspace should use this call mark the key as negative before the
- invoked process returns if it is unable to fulfil the request.
+ invoked process returns if it is unable to fulfill the request.
The process must have write access on the key to be able to instantiate
it, and the key must be uninstantiated.
Module supports autoprobe a chip.
- Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess.
+ Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianness.
The power-management is supported.
A UVC control can be mapped to several V4L2 controls. For instance,
a UVC pan/tilt control could be mapped to separate pan and tilt V4L2
controls. The UVC control is divided into non overlapping fields using
- the 'size' and 'offset' fields and are then independantly mapped to
+ the 'size' and 'offset' fields and are then independently mapped to
V4L2 control.
For signed integer V4L2 controls the data_type field should be set to
- the spte must point to a large host page
- the guest pte must be a large pte of at least equivalent size (if tdp is
- enabled, there is no guest pte and this condition is satisified)
+ enabled, there is no guest pte and this condition is satisfied)
- if the spte will be writeable, the large page frame may not overlap any
write-protected pages
- the guest page must be wholly contained by a single memory slot
arrays for each memory slot and large page size. Every write protected page
causes its write_count to be incremented, thus preventing instantiation of
a large spte. The frames at the end of an unaligned memory slot have
-artificically inflated ->write_counts so they can never be instantiated.
+artificially inflated ->write_counts so they can never be instantiated.
Further reading
===============
Packets are transmitted by placing them in the transmitq, and
buffers for incoming packets are placed in the receiveq. In each
-case, the packet itself is preceeded by a header:
+case, the packet itself is preceded by a header:
struct virtio_net_hdr {
The device can filter incoming packets by any number of
destination MAC addresses.[footnote:
-Since there are no guarentees, it can use a hash filter
+Since there are no guarantees, it can use a hash filter
orsilently switch to allmulti or promiscuous mode if it is given
too many addresses.
] This table is set using the class VIRTIO_NET_CTRL_MAC and the
distinguish between them
]). If the device has VIRTIO_BLK_F_BARRIER feature the high bit
(VIRTIO_BLK_T_BARRIER) indicates that this request acts as a
-barrier and that all preceeding requests must be complete before
+barrier and that all preceding requests must be complete before
this one, and all following requests must not be started until
this is complete. Note that a barrier does not flush caches in
the underlying backend device in host, and thus does not serve as
Otherwise, the guest may begin to re-use pages previously given
to the balloon before the device has acknowledged their
- withdrawl. [footnote:
+ withdrawal. [footnote:
In this case, deflation advice is merely a courtesy
]
introduced a variant of try_to_unmap() called try_to_munlock().
try_to_munlock() calls the same functions as try_to_unmap() for anonymous and
-mapped file pages with an additional argument specifing unlock versus unmap
+mapped file pages with an additional argument specifying unlock versus unmap
processing. Again, these functions walk the respective reverse maps looking
for VM_LOCKED VMAs. When such a VMA is found for anonymous pages and file
pages mapped in linear VMAs, as in the try_to_unmap() case, the functions