tracing/kprobes: Fix kprobe-tracer to support stack trace
Fix to support kernel stack trace correctly on kprobe-tracer.
Since the execution path of kprobe-based dynamic events is different
from other tracepoint-based events, normal ftrace_trace_stack() doesn't
work correctly. To fix that, this introduces ftrace_trace_stack_regs()
which traces stack via pt_regs instead of current stack register.
Note: Even with this fix, the first entry will be skipped
if the probe is put on the function entry area before
the frame pointer is set up (usually, that is 4 bytes
(push %bp; mov %sp %bp) on x86), because stack unwinder
depends on the frame pointer.
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: yrl.pp-manager.tt@hitachi.com Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110608070934.17777.17116.stgit@fedora15 Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
ring-buffer: Set __GFP_NORETRY flag for ring buffer allocating process
The tracing ring buffer is allocated from kernel memory. While
allocating a large chunk of memory, OOM might happen which destabilizes
the system. Thus random processes might get killed during the
allocation.
This patch adds __GFP_NORETRY flag to the ring buffer allocation calls
to make it fail more gracefully if the system will not be able to
complete the allocation request.
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Vaibhav Nagarnaik <vnagarnaik@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com> Cc: David Sharp <dhsharp@google.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1307491302-9236-1-git-send-email-vnagarnaik@google.com Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Peter Huewe [Tue, 7 Jun 2011 19:58:27 +0000 (21:58 +0200)]
tracing: Convert to kstrtoul_from_user
This patch replaces the code for getting an unsigned long from a
userspace buffer by a simple call to kstroul_from_user.
This makes it easier to read and less error prone.
Jiri Olsa [Fri, 3 Jun 2011 14:58:51 +0000 (16:58 +0200)]
tracing, function_graph: Add context-info support for function_graph tracer
The function_graph tracer does not follow global context-info option.
Adding TRACE_ITER_CONTEXT_INFO trace_flags check to enable it.
With following commands:
# echo function_graph > ./current_tracer
# echo 0 > options/context-info
# cat trace
This is what it looked like before:
# tracer: function_graph
#
# TIME CPU DURATION FUNCTION CALLS
# | | | | | | | |
1) 0.079 us | } /* __vma_link_rb */
1) 0.056 us | copy_page_range();
1) | security_vm_enough_memory() {
...
This is what it looks like now:
# tracer: function_graph
#
} /* update_ts_time_stats */
timekeeping_max_deferment();
...
Jiri Olsa [Fri, 3 Jun 2011 14:58:49 +0000 (16:58 +0200)]
tracing, function: Fix trace header to follow context-info option
The header display of function tracer does not follow
the context-info option, so field names are displayed even
if this option is off.
Added check for TRACE_ITER_CONTEXT_INFO trace_flags.
With following commands:
# echo function > ./current_tracer
# echo 0 > options/context-info
# cat trace
This is what it looked like before:
# tracer: function
#
# TASK-PID CPU# TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
# | | | | |
add_preempt_count <-schedule
rcu_note_context_switch <-schedule
...
This is what it looks like now:
# tracer: function
#
_raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore <-hrtimer_try_to_cancel
...
Jiri Olsa [Fri, 3 Jun 2011 14:58:48 +0000 (16:58 +0200)]
tracing, function_graph: Merge overhead and duration display functions
Functions print_graph_overhead() and print_graph_duration() displays
data for one field - DURATION.
I merged them into single function print_graph_duration(),
and added a way to display the empty parts of the field.
This way the print_graph_irq() function can use this column to display
the IRQ signs if needed and the DURATION field details stays inside
the print_graph_duration() function.
Jiri Olsa [Fri, 3 Jun 2011 14:58:47 +0000 (16:58 +0200)]
tracing, function_graph: Remove dependency of abstime and duration fields on latency
The display of absolute time and duration fields is based on the
latency field. This was added during the irqsoff/wakeup tracers
graph support changes.
It's causing confusion in what fields will be displayed for the
function_graph tracer itself. So I'm removing this depency, and
adding absolute time and duration fields to the preemptirqsoff
preemptoff irqsoff wakeup tracers.
With following commands:
# echo function_graph > ./current_tracer
# cat trace
This is what it looked like before:
# tracer: function_graph
#
# TIME CPU DURATION FUNCTION CALLS
# | | | | | | | |
0) 0.068 us | } /* page_add_file_rmap */
0) | _raw_spin_unlock() {
...
This is what it looks like now:
# tracer: function_graph
#
# CPU DURATION FUNCTION CALLS
# | | | | | | |
0) 0.068 us | } /* add_preempt_count */
0) 0.993 us | } /* vfsmount_lock_local_lock */
...
For preemptirqsoff preemptoff irqsoff wakeup tracers,
this is what it looked like before:
SNIP
# _-----=> irqs-off
# / _----=> need-resched
# | / _---=> hardirq/softirq
# || / _--=> preempt-depth
# ||| / _-=> lock-depth
# |||| /
# CPU TASK/PID ||||| DURATION FUNCTION CALLS
# | | | ||||| | | | | | |
1) <idle>-0 | d..1 0.000 us | acpi_idle_enter_simple();
...
This is what it looks like now:
SNIP
#
# _-----=> irqs-off
# / _----=> need-resched
# | / _---=> hardirq/softirq
# || / _--=> preempt-depth
# ||| /
# TIME CPU TASK/PID |||| DURATION FUNCTION CALLS
# | | | | |||| | | | | | |
19.847735 | 1) <idle>-0 | d..1 0.000 us | acpi_idle_enter_simple();
...
Paul McQuade [Tue, 31 May 2011 19:51:55 +0000 (20:51 +0100)]
async: Fixed an include coding style issue
Added <linux/atomic.h>,<linux/ktime.h> and Removed <asm/atomic.h>.
Added KERN_DEBUG to printk() functions.
Acked-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paul McQuade <tungstentide@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4DE596B4.7030904@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Steven Rostedt [Wed, 15 Jun 2011 02:44:07 +0000 (22:44 -0400)]
tracing: Add disable_on_free option
Add a trace option to disable tracing on free. When this option is
set, a write into the free_buffer file will not only shrink the
ring buffer down to zero, but it will also disable tracing.
Cc: Vaibhav Nagarnaik <vnagarnaik@google.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Add a proc file to stop tracing and free buffer
The proc file entry buffer_size_kb is used to set the size of tracing
buffer. The memory to expand the buffer size is kernel memory. Consider
a use case where tracing is handled by a user space utility, which acts
as a gate keeper for tracing requests. In an OOM condition, tracing is
considered a low priority task and if the utility gets killed the ring
buffer memory cannot be released back to the kernel.
This patch adds a proc file called "free_buffer" whose purpose is to
stop tracing and free up the ring buffer when it is closed.
The user space process can then set the desired size in buffer_size_kb
file and open the fd to the "free_buffer" file. Under OOM condition, if
the process gets killed, the kernel closes the file descriptor. The
release handler stops the tracing and releases the kernel memory
automatically.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com> Cc: David Sharp <dhsharp@google.com> Signed-off-by: Vaibhav Nagarnaik <vnagarnaik@google.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1308012717-11148-1-git-send-email-vnagarnaik@google.com Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
tracing: Use NUMA allocation for per-cpu ring buffer pages
The tracing ring buffer is a group of per-cpu ring buffers where
allocation and logging is done on a per-cpu basis. The events that are
generated on a particular CPU are logged in the corresponding buffer.
This is to provide wait-free writes between CPUs and good NUMA node
locality while accessing the ring buffer.
However, the allocation routines consider NUMA locality only for buffer
page metadata and not for the actual buffer page. This causes the pages
to be allocated on the NUMA node local to the CPU where the allocation
routine is running at the time.
This patch fixes the problem by using a NUMA node specific allocation
routine so that the pages are allocated from a NUMA node local to the
logging CPU.
I tested with the getuid_microbench from autotest. It is a simple binary
that calls getuid() in a loop and measures the average time for the
syscall to complete. The following command was used to test:
$ getuid_microbench 1000000
Compared the numbers found on kernel with and without this patch and
found that logging latency decreases by 30-50 ns/call.
tracing with non-NUMA allocation - 569 ns/call
tracing with NUMA allocation - 512 ns/call
Signed-off-by: Vaibhav Nagarnaik <vnagarnaik@google.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com> Cc: David Sharp <dhsharp@google.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1304470602-20366-1-git-send-email-vnagarnaik@google.com Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
In using syscall tracing by concurrent processes, the wakeup() that is
called in the event commit function causes contention on the spin lock
of the waitqueue. I enabled sys_enter_getuid and sys_exit_getuid
tracepoints, and by running getuid_microbench from autotest in parallel
I found that the contention causes exponential latency increase in the
tracing path.
The autotest binary getuid_microbench calls getuid() in a tight loop for
the given number of iterations and measures the average time required to
complete a single invocation of syscall.
The patch schedules a delayed work after 2 ms once an event commit calls
to wake up the trace wait_queue. This removes the delay caused by
contention on spin lock in wakeup() and amortizes the wakeup() calls
scheduled over the 2 ms period.
In the following example, the script enables the sys_enter_getuid and
sys_exit_getuid tracepoints and runs the getuid_microbench in parallel
with the given number of processes. The output clearly shows the latency
increase caused by contentions.
$ ~/getuid.sh 1 1000000 calls in 0.720974253 s (720.974253 ns/call)
A lost Quilt refresh of 2c29ef0fef8 (perf: Simplify and fix
__perf_install_in_context()) is causing grief and lockups,
reported by Jiri Olsa.
When installing an event in a task context, there's a number of
issues:
- there might not be an existing task context, in which case
we should install the now current context;
- there might already be a context, not the current one, in
which case we should de-schedule the old and install the new;
these cases were dealt with in the lost refresh, however there is one
further case that was found in testing:
- there might already be a context, the current one, in which
case we should still de-schedule, and should take care
to re-install it (note that task_ctx_sched_out() clears
cpuctx->task_ctx).
Vince Weaver [Fri, 3 Jun 2011 21:54:40 +0000 (17:54 -0400)]
perf: Comment /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid to be part of user ABI
Turns out that distro packages use this file as an indicator of
the perf event subsystem - this is easier to check for from scripts
than the existence of the system call.
This is easy enough to keep around for the kernel, so add a
comment to make sure it stays so.
Signed-off-by: Vince Weaver <vweaver1@eecs.utk.edu> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: acme@redhat.com Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.00.1106031751170.29381@cl320.eecs.utk.edu Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
perf python: Fix argument name list of read_on_cpu()
Mandatory arguments need to be present in the argument name list, as
well as optional arguments, otherwise python barfs:
# ./python/twatch.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./python/twatch.py", line 41, in <module>
main()
File "./python/twatch.py", line 32, in main
event = evlist.read_on_cpu(cpu)
RuntimeError: more argument specifiers than keyword list entries
Hence, add cpu to the name list.
Cc: David Ahern <daahern@cisco.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1301588863-20210-1-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf evlist: Don't die if sample_{id_all|type} is invalid
Fixes two more cases where the python binding would not load:
. Not finding die(), which it shouldn't anyway, not good to just stop the
world because some particular perf.data file is invalid, just propagate
the error to the caller.
. Not finding perf_sample_size: fix it by moving it from event.c to evsel,
where it belongs, as most cases are moving to operate on an evsel object.o
We were using pr_debug to tell the user about not being able to parse a sample
where we should really use the python way of reporting errors: exceptions.
David Ahern [Fri, 27 May 2011 20:28:44 +0000 (14:28 -0600)]
perf script: Make printing of dso a separate field option
The 'sym' option displays both the function name and the DSO it comes
from. Split the display of the dso into a separate option. This allows
display of the ip address and symbol without the dso, thus shortening
line lengths - and decluttering the output a bit.
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1306528124-25861-3-git-send-email-dsahern@gmail.com Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
David Ahern [Fri, 27 May 2011 20:28:43 +0000 (14:28 -0600)]
perf script: "sym" field really means show IP data
Currently the "sym" output field is used to dump instruction pointers
and callchain stack. Sample addresses can also be converted to symbols,
so the meaning of "sym" needs to be fixed. This patch adds an "ip"
option and if it is selected the user can also opt to dump symbols for
them. If the user opts to dump IP without syms only the address is
shown.
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1306528124-25861-2-git-send-email-dsahern@gmail.com Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
David Ahern [Mon, 30 May 2011 14:55:59 +0000 (08:55 -0600)]
perf stat: clarify unsupported events from uncounted events
perf stat continues running even if the event list contains counters
that are not supported. The resulting output then contains <not counted>
for those events which gets confusing as to which events are supported,
but not counted and which are not supported.
perf python: Fix argument name list of read_on_cpu()
Mandatory arguments need to be present in the argument name list, as
well as optional arguments, otherwise python barfs:
# ./python/twatch.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./python/twatch.py", line 41, in <module>
main()
File "./python/twatch.py", line 32, in main
event = evlist.read_on_cpu(cpu)
RuntimeError: more argument specifiers than keyword list entries
Hence, add cpu to the name list.
Cc: David Ahern <daahern@cisco.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1301588863-20210-1-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf evlist: Don't die if sample_{id_all|type} is invalid
Fixes two more cases where the python binding would not load:
. Not finding die(), which it shouldn't anyway, not good to just stop the
world because some particular perf.data file is invalid, just propagate
the error to the caller.
. Not finding perf_sample_size: fix it by moving it from event.c to evsel,
where it belongs, as most cases are moving to operate on an evsel object.o
We were using pr_debug to tell the user about not being able to parse a sample
where we should really use the python way of reporting errors: exceptions.
As rmk says:
"Commit a197b59ae6e8 (mm: fail GFP_DMA allocations when ZONE_DMA is not
configured) is causing regressions on ARM with various drivers which
use GFP_DMA.
The behaviour up until now has been to silently ignore that flag when
CONFIG_ZONE_DMA is not enabled, and to allocate from the normal zone.
However, as a result of the above commit, such allocations now fail
which causes drivers to fail. These are regressions compared to the
previous kernel version."
so just revert it.
Requested-by: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linus Torvalds [Wed, 1 Jun 2011 20:48:50 +0000 (05:48 +0900)]
Merge git://git.infradead.org/iommu-2.6
* git://git.infradead.org/iommu-2.6:
intel-iommu: Fix off-by-one in RMRR setup
intel-iommu: Add domain check in domain_remove_one_dev_info
intel-iommu: Remove Host Bridge devices from identity mapping
intel-iommu: Use coherent DMA mask when requested
intel-iommu: Dont cache iova above 32bit
intel-iommu: Speed up processing of the identity_mapping function
intel-iommu: Check for identity mapping candidate using system dma mask
intel-iommu: Only unlink device domains from iommu
intel-iommu: Enable super page (2MiB, 1GiB, etc.) support
intel-iommu: Flush unmaps at domain_exit
intel-iommu: Remove obsolete comment from detect_intel_iommu
intel-iommu: fix VT-d PMR disable for TXT on S3 resume
Linus Torvalds [Wed, 1 Jun 2011 20:29:19 +0000 (05:29 +0900)]
block: fix mismerge of the DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE removal
Jens' back-merge commit 698567f3fa79 ("Merge commit 'v2.6.39' into
for-2.6.40/core") was incorrectly done, and re-introduced the
DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE lines that had been removed earlier in commits
- 9fd097b14918 ("block: unexport DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE for
legacy/fringe drivers")
- 7eec77a1816a ("ide: unexport DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE for ide-gd
and ide-cd")
because of conflicts with the "g->flags" updates near-by by commit d4dc210f69bc ("block: don't block events on excl write for non-optical
devices")
As a result, we re-introduced the hanging behavior due to infinite disk
media change reports.
Tssk, tssk, people! Don't do back-merges at all, and *definitely* don't
do them to hide merge conflicts from me - especially as I'm likely
better at merging them than you are, since I do so many merges.
David Woodhouse [Mon, 30 May 2011 23:22:52 +0000 (00:22 +0100)]
intel-iommu: Fix off-by-one in RMRR setup
We were mapping an extra byte (and hence usually an extra page):
iommu_prepare_identity_map() expects to be given an 'end' argument which
is the last byte to be mapped; not the first byte *not* to be mapped.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Mike Habeck [Sat, 28 May 2011 18:15:07 +0000 (13:15 -0500)]
intel-iommu: Add domain check in domain_remove_one_dev_info
The comment in domain_remove_one_dev_info() states "No need to compare
PCI domain; it has to be the same". But for the si_domain that isn't
going to be true, as it consists of all the PCI devices that are
identity mapped thus multiple PCI domains can be in si_domain. The
code needs to validate the PCI domain too.
Signed-off-by: Mike Habeck <habeck@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Mike Travis [Sat, 28 May 2011 18:15:06 +0000 (13:15 -0500)]
intel-iommu: Remove Host Bridge devices from identity mapping
When using the 1:1 (identity) PCI DMA remapping, PCI Host Bridge devices
that do not use the IOMMU causes a kernel panic. Fix that by not
inserting those devices into the si_domain.
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Habeck <habeck@sgi.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Mike Travis [Sat, 28 May 2011 18:15:05 +0000 (13:15 -0500)]
intel-iommu: Use coherent DMA mask when requested
The __intel_map_single function is not honoring the passed in DMA mask.
This results in not using the coherent DMA mask when called from
intel_alloc_coherent().
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com> Acked-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> Reviewed-by: Mike Habeck <habeck@sgi.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Chris Wright [Sat, 28 May 2011 18:15:04 +0000 (13:15 -0500)]
intel-iommu: Dont cache iova above 32bit
Mike Travis and Mike Habeck reported an issue where iova allocation
would return a range that was larger than a device's dma mask.
https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/3/29/423
The dmar initialization code will reserve all PCI MMIO regions and copy
those reservations into a domain specific iova tree. It is possible for
one of those regions to be above the dma mask of a device. It is typical
to allocate iovas with a 32bit mask (despite device's dma mask possibly
being larger) and cache the result until it exhausts the lower 32bit
address space. Freeing the iova range that is >= the last iova in the
lower 32bit range when there is still an iova above the 32bit range will
corrupt the cached iova by pointing it to a region that is above 32bit.
If that region is also larger than the device's dma mask, a subsequent
allocation will return an unusable iova and cause dma failure.
Simply don't cache an iova that is above the 32bit caching boundary.
Reported-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com> Reported-by: Mike Habeck <habeck@sgi.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Acked-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com> Tested-by: Mike Habeck <habeck@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Mike Travis [Sat, 28 May 2011 18:15:03 +0000 (13:15 -0500)]
intel-iommu: Speed up processing of the identity_mapping function
When there are a large count of PCI devices, and the pass through
option for iommu is set, much time is spent in the identity_mapping
function hunting though the iommu domains to check if a specific
device is "identity mapped".
Speed up the function by checking the cached info to see if
it's mapped to the static identity domain.
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Habeck <habeck@sgi.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Chris Wright [Sat, 28 May 2011 18:15:02 +0000 (13:15 -0500)]
intel-iommu: Check for identity mapping candidate using system dma mask
The identity mapping code appears to make the assumption that if the
devices dma_mask is greater than 32bits the device can use identity
mapping. But that is not true: take the case where we have a 40bit
device in a 44bit architecture. The device can potentially receive a
physical address that it will truncate and cause incorrect addresses
to be used.
Instead check to see if the device's dma_mask is large enough
to address the system's dma_mask.
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Habeck <habeck@sgi.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Alex Williamson [Tue, 24 May 2011 16:19:04 +0000 (12:19 -0400)]
intel-iommu: Only unlink device domains from iommu
Commit a97590e5 added unlinking domains from iommus to reciprocate the
iommu from domains unlinking that was already done. We actually want
to only do this for device domains and never for the static
identity map domain or VM domains. The SI domain is special and
never freed, while VM domain->id lives in their own special address
space, separate from iommu->domain_ids.
In the current code, a VM can get domain->id zero, then mark that
domain unused when unbound from pci-stub. This leads to DMAR
write faults when the device is re-bound to the host driver.
Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Youquan Song [Wed, 25 May 2011 18:13:49 +0000 (19:13 +0100)]
intel-iommu: Enable super page (2MiB, 1GiB, etc.) support
There are no externally-visible changes with this. In the loop in the
internal __domain_mapping() function, we simply detect if we are mapping:
- size >= 2MiB, and
- virtual address aligned to 2MiB, and
- physical address aligned to 2MiB, and
- on hardware that supports superpages.
(and likewise for larger superpages).
We automatically use a superpage for such mappings. We never have to
worry about *breaking* superpages, since we trust that we will always
*unmap* the same range that was mapped. So all we need to do is ensure
that dma_pte_clear_range() will also cope with superpages.
Adjust pfn_to_dma_pte() to take a superpage 'level' as an argument, so
it can return a PTE at the appropriate level rather than always
extending the page tables all the way down to level 1. Again, this is
simplified by the fact that we should never encounter existing small
pages when we're creating a mapping; any old mapping that used the same
virtual range will have been entirely removed and its obsolete page
tables freed.
Provide an 'intel_iommu=sp_off' argument on the command line as a
chicken bit. Not that it should ever be required.
==
The original commit seen in the iommu-2.6.git was Youquan's
implementation (and completion) of my own half-baked code which I'd
typed into an email. Followed by half a dozen subsequent 'fixes'.
I've taken the unusual step of rewriting history and collapsing the
original commits in order to keep the main history simpler, and make
life easier for the people who are going to have to backport this to
older kernels. And also so I can give it a more coherent commit comment
which (hopefully) gives a better explanation of what's going on.
The original sequence of commits leading to identical code was:
Youquan Song (3):
intel-iommu: super page support
intel-iommu: Fix superpage alignment calculation error
intel-iommu: Fix superpage level calculation error in dma_pfn_level_pte()
David Woodhouse (4):
intel-iommu: Precalculate superpage support for dmar_domain
intel-iommu: Fix hardware_largepage_caps()
intel-iommu: Fix inappropriate use of superpages in __domain_mapping()
intel-iommu: Fix phys_pfn in __domain_mapping for sglist pages
Signed-off-by: Youquan Song <youquan.song@intel.com> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Randy Dunlap [Mon, 23 May 2011 18:37:09 +0000 (11:37 -0700)]
mtd: fix physmap.h warnings
Fix build warnings in physmap.h:
include/linux/mtd/physmap.h:25: warning: 'struct platform_device' declared inside parameter list
include/linux/mtd/physmap.h:25: warning: its scope is only this definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want
include/linux/mtd/physmap.h:26: warning: 'struct platform_device' declared inside parameter list
include/linux/mtd/physmap.h:27: warning: 'struct platform_device' declared inside parameter list
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Mike Frysinger [Sat, 28 May 2011 14:04:25 +0000 (10:04 -0400)]
kgdbts: only use new asm-generic/ptrace.h api when needed
The new instruction_pointer_set helper is defined for people who have
converted to asm-generic/ptrace.h, so don't use it generally unless
the arch needs it (in which case it has been converted). This should
fix building of kgdb tests for arches not yet converted.
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Acked-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Kees Cook [Tue, 31 May 2011 18:31:41 +0000 (11:31 -0700)]
AppArmor: fix oops in apparmor_setprocattr
When invalid parameters are passed to apparmor_setprocattr a NULL deref
oops occurs when it tries to record an audit message. This is because
it is passing NULL for the profile parameter for aa_audit. But aa_audit
now requires that the profile passed is not NULL.
Fix this by passing the current profile on the task that is trying to
setprocattr.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@ubuntu.com> Signed-off-by: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-for-linus:
virtio_net: delay TX callbacks
virtio: add api for delayed callbacks
virtio_test: support event index
vhost: support event index
virtio_ring: support event idx feature
virtio ring: inline function to check for events
virtio: event index interface
virtio: add full three-clause BSD text to headers.
virtio balloon: kill tell-host-first logic
virtio console: don't manually set or finalize VIRTIO_CONSOLE_F_MULTIPORT.
drivers, block: virtio_blk: Replace cryptic number with the macro
virtio_blk: allow re-reading config space at runtime
lguest: remove support for VIRTIO_F_NOTIFY_ON_EMPTY.
lguest: fix up compilation after move
lguest: fix timer interrupt setup
Peter Zijlstra [Mon, 30 May 2011 14:48:06 +0000 (16:48 +0200)]
perf, cgroups: Fix up for new API
Ben changed the cgroup API in commit f780bdb7c1c (cgroups: add
per-thread subsystem callbacks) in an incompatible way, but
forgot to convert the perf cgroup bits.
Avoid compile warnings and runtime splats and convert perf too ;-)
Acked-by: Ben Blum <bblum@andrew.cmu.edu> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1306767651.1200.2990.camel@twins Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Linus Torvalds [Tue, 31 May 2011 11:32:54 +0000 (20:32 +0900)]
Merge branch 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86: Put back -pg to tsc.o and add no GCOV to vread_tsc_64.o
Linus Torvalds [Tue, 31 May 2011 11:30:59 +0000 (20:30 +0900)]
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6:
autofs4: bogus dentry_unhash() added in ->unlink()
vfs: shrink_dcache_parent before rmdir, dir rename
powerpc/pmac: Don't register pmac PIC syscore ops when HW not present
The Apple custom PIC only exist in some earlier machine models,
anything with an MPIC will crash on suspend if we register those
syscore ops unconditionally.
This is a regression caused by commit f5a592f7d74e ("PM / PowerPC: Use
struct syscore_ops instead of sysdevs for PM")
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Peter Zijlstra [Mon, 30 May 2011 11:34:51 +0000 (13:34 +0200)]
rcu: Cure load woes
Commit cc3ce5176d83 (rcu: Start RCU kthreads in TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE
state) fudges a sleeping task' state, resulting in the scheduler seeing
a TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE task going to sleep, but a TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE
task waking up. The result is unbalanced load calculation.
The problem that patch tried to address is that the RCU threads could
stay in UNINTERRUPTIBLE state for quite a while and triggering the hung
task detector due to on-demand wake-ups.
Cure the problem differently by always giving the tasks at least one
wake-up once the CPU is fully up and running, this will kick them out of
the initial UNINTERRUPTIBLE state and into the regular INTERRUPTIBLE
wait state.
[ The alternative would be teaching kthread_create() to start threads as
INTERRUPTIBLE but that needs a tad more thought. ]
Reported-by: Damien Wyart <damien.wyart@free.fr> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1306755291.1200.2872.camel@twins Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Sage Weil [Mon, 30 May 2011 04:20:59 +0000 (21:20 -0700)]
vfs: shrink_dcache_parent before rmdir, dir rename
The dentry_unhash push-down series missed that shink_dcache_parent needs to
be called prior to rmdir or dir rename to clear DCACHE_REFERENCED and
allow efficient dentry reclaim.
Reported-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Ask for delayed callbacks on TX ring full, to give the
other side more of a chance to make progress.
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Add an API that tells the other side that callbacks
should be delayed until a lot of work has been done.
Implement using the new event_idx feature.
Note: it might seem advantageous to let the drivers
ask for a callback after a specific capacity has
been reached. However, as a single head can
free many entries in the descriptor table,
we don't really have a clue about capacity
until get_buf is called. The API is the simplest
to implement at the moment, we'll see what kind of
hints drivers can pass when there's more than one
user of the feature.
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Support for the new event idx feature:
1. When enabling interrupts, publish the current avail index
value to the host to get interrupts on the next update.
2. Use the new avail_event feature to reduce the number
of exits from the guest.
Simple test with the simulator:
[virtio]# time ./virtio_test
spurious wakeus: 0x7
real 0m0.169s
user 0m0.140s
sys 0m0.019s
[virtio]# time ./virtio_test --no-event-idx
spurious wakeus: 0x11
real 0m0.649s
user 0m0.295s
sys 0m0.335s
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
With the new used_event and avail_event and features, both
host and guest need similar logic to check whether events are
enabled, so it helps to put the common code in the header.
Note that Xen has similar logic for notification hold-off
in include/xen/interface/io/ring.h with req_event and req_prod
corresponding to event_idx + 1 and new_idx respectively.
+1 comes from the fact that req_event and req_prod in Xen start at 1,
while event index in virtio starts at 0.
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Rusty Russell [Mon, 30 May 2011 17:14:13 +0000 (11:14 -0600)]
virtio: add full three-clause BSD text to headers.
It's unclear to me if it's important, but it's obviously causing my
technical colleages some headaches and I'd hate such imprecision to
slow virtio adoption.
I've emailed this to all non-trivial contributors for approval, too.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Acked-by: Ryan Harper <ryanh@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com> Acked-by: john cooper <john.cooper@redhat.com> Acked-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Acked-by: Fernando Luis Vazquez Cao <fernando@oss.ntt.co.jp>
Dave Hansen [Thu, 7 Apr 2011 17:43:25 +0000 (10:43 -0700)]
virtio balloon: kill tell-host-first logic
The virtio balloon driver has a VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_MUST_TELL_HOST
feature bit. Whenever the bit is set, the guest kernel must
always tell the host before we free pages back to the allocator.
Without this feature, we might free a page (and have another
user touch it) while the hypervisor is unprepared for it.
But, if the bit is _not_ set, we are under no obligation to
reverse the order; we're under no obligation to do _anything_.
As of now, qemu-kvm defines the bit, but doesn't set it.
This patch makes the "tell host first" logic the only case. This
should make everybody happy, and reduce the amount of untested or
untestable code in the kernel.
This _also_ means that we don't have to preserve a pfn list
after the pages are freed, which should let us get rid of some
temporary storage (vb->pfns) eventually.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Rusty Russell [Mon, 30 May 2011 17:14:13 +0000 (11:14 -0600)]
virtio console: don't manually set or finalize VIRTIO_CONSOLE_F_MULTIPORT.
That's already been done by the virtio infrastructure before the probe
function is called.
Reported-by: alexey.kardashevskiy@au1.ibm.com Acked-by: Amit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com> Tested-by: Amit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
virtio_blk: allow re-reading config space at runtime
Wire up the virtio_driver config_changed method to get notified about
config changes raised by the host. For now we just re-read the device
size to support online resizing of devices, but once we add more
attributes that might be changeable they could be added as well.
Note that the config_changed method is called from irq context, so
we'll have to use the workqueue infrastructure to provide us a proper
user context for our changes.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Linus Torvalds [Sun, 29 May 2011 21:06:42 +0000 (14:06 -0700)]
arm gpio drivers: make them 'depends on ARM'
We had a few drivers move from arch/arm into drivers/gpio, but they
don't actually compile without the ARM platform headers etc. As a
result they were messing up allyesconfig on x86.
Tyler Hicks [Tue, 24 May 2011 10:11:12 +0000 (05:11 -0500)]
eCryptfs: Remove ecryptfs_header_cache_2
Now that ecryptfs_lookup_interpose() is no longer using
ecryptfs_header_cache_2 to read in metadata, the kmem_cache can be
removed and the ecryptfs_header_cache_1 kmem_cache can be renamed to
ecryptfs_header_cache.
Tyler Hicks [Tue, 24 May 2011 09:56:23 +0000 (04:56 -0500)]
eCryptfs: Cleanup and optimize ecryptfs_lookup_interpose()
ecryptfs_lookup_interpose() has turned into spaghetti code over the
years. This is an effort to clean it up.
- Shorten overly descriptive variable names such as ecryptfs_dentry
- Simplify gotos and error paths
- Create helper function for reading plaintext i_size from metadata
It also includes an optimization when reading i_size from the metadata.
A complete page-sized kmem_cache_alloc() was being done to read in 16
bytes of metadata. The buffer for that is now statically declared.
Tyler Hicks [Mon, 2 May 2011 05:39:54 +0000 (00:39 -0500)]
eCryptfs: Return useful code from contains_ecryptfs_marker
Instead of having the calling functions translate the true/false return
code to either 0 or -EINVAL, have contains_ecryptfs_marker() return 0 or
-EINVAL so that the calling functions can just reuse the return code.
Also, rename the function to ecryptfs_validate_marker() to avoid callers
mistakenly thinking that it returns true/false codes.
Tyler Hicks [Tue, 24 May 2011 08:49:02 +0000 (03:49 -0500)]
eCryptfs: Fix new inode race condition
Only unlock and d_add() new inodes after the plaintext inode size has
been read from the lower filesystem. This fixes a race condition that
was sometimes seen during a multi-job kernel build in an eCryptfs mount.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=36002
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reported-by: David <david@unsolicited.net> Tested-by: David <david@unsolicited.net>
Linus Torvalds [Sun, 29 May 2011 18:44:33 +0000 (11:44 -0700)]
Merge branch 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mjg59/platform-drivers-x86
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mjg59/platform-drivers-x86: (43 commits)
acer-wmi: support integer return type from WMI methods
msi-laptop: fix section mismatch in reference from the function load_scm_model_init
acer-wmi: support to set communication device state by new wmid method
acer-wmi: allow 64-bits return buffer from WMI methods
acer-wmi: check the existence of internal 3G device when set capability
platform/x86:delete two unused variables
support wlan hotkey on Acer Travelmate 5735Z
platform-x86: intel_mid_thermal: Fix memory leak
platform/x86: Fix Makefile for intel_mid_powerbtn
platform/x86: Simplify intel_mid_powerbtn
acer-wmi: Delete out-of-date documentation
acerhdf: Clean up includes
acerhdf: Drop pointless dependency on THERMAL_HWMON
acer-wmi: Update MAINTAINERS
wmi: Orphan ACPI-WMI driver
tc1100-wmi: Orphan driver
acer-wmi: does not allow negative number set to initial device state
platform/oaktrail: ACPI EC Extra driver for Oaktrail
thinkpad_acpi: Convert printks to pr_<level>
thinkpad_acpi: Correct !CONFIG_THINKPAD_ACPI_VIDEO warning
...
which was introduced by commit de03c72cfce5 ("mm: convert
mm->cpu_vm_cpumask into cpumask_var_t"), and is due to wrong ordering of
mm_init() vs mm_init_cpumask
Thomas wrote a patch to just fix the ordering of initialization, but I
hate the new double allocation in the fork path, so I ended up instead
doing some more radical surgery to clean it all up.
Reported-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linus Torvalds [Sun, 29 May 2011 18:21:12 +0000 (11:21 -0700)]
Merge branch 'for-2.6.40' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux
* 'for-2.6.40' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux: (22 commits)
nfsd: make local functions static
NFSD: Remove unused variable from nfsd4_decode_bind_conn_to_session()
NFSD: Check status from nfsd4_map_bcts_dir()
NFSD: Remove setting unused variable in nfsd_vfs_read()
nfsd41: error out on repeated RECLAIM_COMPLETE
nfsd41: compare request's opcnt with session's maxops at nfsd4_sequence
nfsd v4.1 lOCKT clientid field must be ignored
nfsd41: add flag checking for create_session
nfsd41: make sure nfs server process OPEN with EXCLUSIVE4_1 correctly
nfsd4: fix wrongsec handling for PUTFH + op cases
nfsd4: make fh_verify responsibility of nfsd_lookup_dentry caller
nfsd4: introduce OPDESC helper
nfsd4: allow fh_verify caller to skip pseudoflavor checks
nfsd: distinguish functions of NFSD_MAY_* flags
svcrpc: complete svsk processing on cb receive failure
svcrpc: take advantage of tcp autotuning
SUNRPC: Don't wait for full record to receive tcp data
svcrpc: copy cb reply instead of pages
svcrpc: close connection if client sends short packet
svcrpc: note network-order types in svc_process_calldir
...
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/agk/linux-2.6-dm:
dm kcopyd: return client directly and not through a pointer
dm kcopyd: reserve fewer pages
dm io: use fixed initial mempool size
dm kcopyd: alloc pages from the main page allocator
dm kcopyd: add gfp parm to alloc_pl
dm kcopyd: remove superfluous page allocation spinlock
dm kcopyd: preallocate sub jobs to avoid deadlock
dm kcopyd: avoid pointless job splitting
dm mpath: do not fail paths after integrity errors
dm table: reject devices without request fns
dm table: allow targets to support discards internally
Linus Torvalds [Sun, 29 May 2011 18:20:02 +0000 (11:20 -0700)]
Merge branch 'nfs-for-2.6.40' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/nfs-2.6
* 'nfs-for-2.6.40' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/nfs-2.6:
SUNRPC: Support for RPC over AF_LOCAL transports
SUNRPC: Remove obsolete comment
SUNRPC: Use AF_LOCAL for rpcbind upcalls
SUNRPC: Clean up use of curly braces in switch cases
NFS: Revert NFSROOT default mount options
SUNRPC: Rename xs_encode_tcp_fragment_header()
nfs,rcu: convert call_rcu(nfs_free_delegation_callback) to kfree_rcu()
nfs41: Correct offset for LAYOUTCOMMIT
NFS: nfs_update_inode: print current and new inode size in debug output
NFSv4.1: Fix the handling of NFS4ERR_SEQ_MISORDERED errors
NFSv4: Handle expired stateids when the lease is still valid
SUNRPC: Deal with the lack of a SYN_SENT sk->sk_state_change callback...
Linus Torvalds [Sun, 29 May 2011 18:19:16 +0000 (11:19 -0700)]
Merge branch 'release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux-acpi-2.6
* 'release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux-acpi-2.6:
ACPI EC: remove redundant code
ACPI: Add D3 cold state
ACPI: processor: fix processor_physically_present in UP kernel
ACPI: Split out custom_method functionality into an own driver
ACPI: Cleanup custom_method debug stuff
ACPI EC: enable MSI workaround for Quanta laptops
ACPICA: Update to version 20110413
ACPICA: Execute an orphan _REG method under the EC device
ACPICA: Move ACPI_NUM_PREDEFINED_REGIONS to a more appropriate place
ACPICA: Update internal address SpaceID for DataTable regions
ACPICA: Add more methods eligible for NULL package element removal
ACPICA: Split all internal Global Lock functions to new file - evglock
ACPI: EC: add another DMI check for ASUS hardware
ACPI EC: remove dead code
ACPICA: Fix code divergence of global lock handling
ACPICA: Use acpi_os_create_lock interface
ACPI: osl, add acpi_os_create_lock interface
ACPI:Fix goto flows in thermal-sys
Linus Torvalds [Sun, 29 May 2011 18:18:09 +0000 (11:18 -0700)]
Merge branch 'idle-release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux-idle-2.6
* 'idle-release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux-idle-2.6:
x86 idle: deprecate mwait_idle() and "idle=mwait" cmdline param
x86 idle: deprecate "no-hlt" cmdline param
x86 idle APM: deprecate CONFIG_APM_CPU_IDLE
x86 idle floppy: deprecate disable_hlt()
x86 idle: EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_idle, pm_idle) only when APM demands it
x86 idle: clarify AMD erratum 400 workaround
idle governor: Avoid lock acquisition to read pm_qos before entering idle
cpuidle: menu: fixed wrapping timers at 4.294 seconds
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