The svm_set_cr0() call will initialize save->cr0 properly even when npt is
enabled, clearing the NW and CD bits as expected, so we don't need to
initialize it manually for npt_enabled anymore.
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Eduardo Habkost [Sat, 24 Oct 2009 04:49:59 +0000 (02:49 -0200)]
KVM: SVM: Reset cr0 properly on vcpu reset
svm_vcpu_reset() was not properly resetting the contents of the guest-visible
cr0 register, causing the following issue:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=525699
Without resetting cr0 properly, the vcpu was running the SIPI bootstrap routine
with paging enabled, making the vcpu get a pagefault exception while trying to
run it.
Instead of setting vmcb->save.cr0 directly, the new code just resets
kvm->arch.cr0 and calls kvm_set_cr0(). The bits that were set/cleared on
vmcb->save.cr0 (PG, WP, !CD, !NW) will be set properly by svm_set_cr0().
kvm_set_cr0() is used instead of calling svm_set_cr0() directly to make sure
kvm_mmu_reset_context() is called to reset the mmu to nonpaging mode.
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Arnd Bergmann [Thu, 22 Oct 2009 12:19:27 +0000 (14:19 +0200)]
KVM: Enable 32bit dirty log pointers on 64bit host
With big endian userspace, we can't quite figure out if a pointer
is 32 bit (shifted >> 32) or 64 bit when we read a 64 bit pointer.
This is what happens with dirty logging. To get the pointer interpreted
correctly, we thus need Arnd's patch to implement a compat layer for
the ioctl:
A better way to do this is to add a separate compat_ioctl() method that
converts this for you.
Based on initial patch from Arnd Bergmann.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Glauber Costa [Fri, 16 Oct 2009 19:28:36 +0000 (15:28 -0400)]
KVM: allow userspace to adjust kvmclock offset
When we migrate a kvm guest that uses pvclock between two hosts, we may
suffer a large skew. This is because there can be significant differences
between the monotonic clock of the hosts involved. When a new host with
a much larger monotonic time starts running the guest, the view of time
will be significantly impacted.
Situation is much worse when we do the opposite, and migrate to a host with
a smaller monotonic clock.
This proposed ioctl will allow userspace to inform us what is the monotonic
clock value in the source host, so we can keep the time skew short, and
more importantly, never goes backwards. Userspace may also need to trigger
the current data, since from the first migration onwards, it won't be
reflected by a simple call to clock_gettime() anymore.
[marcelo: future-proof abi with a flags field]
[jan: fix KVM_GET_CLOCK by clearing flags field instead of checking it]
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Jan Kiszka [Sun, 18 Oct 2009 11:24:44 +0000 (13:24 +0200)]
KVM: x86: Fix guest single-stepping while interruptible
Commit 705c5323 opened the doors of hell by unconditionally injecting
single-step flags as long as guest_debug signaled this. This doesn't
work when the guest branches into some interrupt or exception handler
and triggers a vmexit with flag reloading.
Fix it by saving cs:rip when user space requests single-stepping and
restricting the trace flag injection to this guest code position.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Ed Swierk [Thu, 15 Oct 2009 22:21:43 +0000 (15:21 -0700)]
KVM: Xen PV-on-HVM guest support
Support for Xen PV-on-HVM guests can be implemented almost entirely in
userspace, except for handling one annoying MSR that maps a Xen
hypercall blob into guest address space.
A generic mechanism to delegate MSR writes to userspace seems overkill
and risks encouraging similar MSR abuse in the future. Thus this patch
adds special support for the Xen HVM MSR.
I implemented a new ioctl, KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG, that lets userspace tell
KVM which MSR the guest will write to, as well as the starting address
and size of the hypercall blobs (one each for 32-bit and 64-bit) that
userspace has loaded from files. When the guest writes to the MSR, KVM
copies one page of the blob from userspace to the guest.
I've tested this patch with a hacked-up version of Gerd's userspace
code, booting a number of guests (CentOS 5.3 i386 and x86_64, and
FreeBSD 8.0-RC1 amd64) and exercising PV network and block devices.
[jan: fix i386 build warning]
[avi: future proof abi with a flags field]
Signed-off-by: Ed Swierk <eswierk@aristanetworks.com> Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Mark Langsdorf [Tue, 6 Oct 2009 19:25:02 +0000 (14:25 -0500)]
KVM: SVM: Support Pause Filter in AMD processors
New AMD processors (Family 0x10 models 8+) support the Pause
Filter Feature. This feature creates a new field in the VMCB
called Pause Filter Count. If Pause Filter Count is greater
than 0 and intercepting PAUSEs is enabled, the processor will
increment an internal counter when a PAUSE instruction occurs
instead of intercepting. When the internal counter reaches the
Pause Filter Count value, a PAUSE intercept will occur.
This feature can be used to detect contended spinlocks,
especially when the lock holding VCPU is not scheduled.
Rescheduling another VCPU prevents the VCPU seeking the
lock from wasting its quantum by spinning idly.
Experimental results show that most spinlocks are held
for less than 1000 PAUSE cycles or more than a few
thousand. Default the Pause Filter Counter to 3000 to
detect the contended spinlocks.
Processor support for this feature is indicated by a CPUID
bit.
On a 24 core system running 4 guests each with 16 VCPUs,
this patch improved overall performance of each guest's
32 job kernbench by approximately 3-5% when combined
with a scheduler algorithm thati caused the VCPU to
sleep for a brief period. Further performance improvement
may be possible with a more sophisticated yield algorithm.
Signed-off-by: Mark Langsdorf <mark.langsdorf@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Zhai, Edwin [Fri, 9 Oct 2009 10:03:20 +0000 (18:03 +0800)]
KVM: VMX: Add support for Pause-Loop Exiting
New NHM processors will support Pause-Loop Exiting by adding 2 VM-execution
control fields:
PLE_Gap - upper bound on the amount of time between two successive
executions of PAUSE in a loop.
PLE_Window - upper bound on the amount of time a guest is allowed to execute in
a PAUSE loop
If the time, between this execution of PAUSE and previous one, exceeds the
PLE_Gap, processor consider this PAUSE belongs to a new loop.
Otherwise, processor determins the the total execution time of this loop(since
1st PAUSE in this loop), and triggers a VM exit if total time exceeds the
PLE_Window.
* Refer SDM volume 3b section 21.6.13 & 22.1.3.
Pause-Loop Exiting can be used to detect Lock-Holder Preemption, where one VP
is sched-out after hold a spinlock, then other VPs for same lock are sched-in
to waste the CPU time.
Our tests indicate that most spinlocks are held for less than 212 cycles.
Performance tests show that with 2X LP over-commitment we can get +2% perf
improvement for kernel build(Even more perf gain with more LPs).
Joerg Roedel [Fri, 9 Oct 2009 14:08:32 +0000 (16:08 +0200)]
KVM: SVM: Add tracepoint for skinit instruction
This patch adds a tracepoint for the event that the guest
executed the SKINIT instruction. This information is
important because SKINIT is an SVM extenstion not yet
implemented by nested SVM and we may need this information
for debugging hypervisors that do not yet run on nested SVM.
Joerg Roedel [Fri, 9 Oct 2009 14:08:26 +0000 (16:08 +0200)]
KVM: SVM: Move INTR vmexit out of atomic code
The nested SVM code emulates a #vmexit caused by a request
to open the irq window right in the request function. This
is a bug because the request function runs with preemption
and interrupts disabled but the #vmexit emulation might
sleep. This can cause a schedule()-while-atomic bug and is
fixed with this patch.
Glauber Costa [Tue, 6 Oct 2009 17:24:50 +0000 (13:24 -0400)]
KVM: x86: include pvclock MSRs in msrs_to_save
For a while now, we are issuing a rdmsr instruction to find out which
msrs in our save list are really supported by the underlying machine.
However, it fails to account for kvm-specific msrs, such as the pvclock
ones.
This patch moves then to the beginning of the list, and skip testing them.
Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Jan Kiszka [Mon, 5 Oct 2009 11:07:21 +0000 (13:07 +0200)]
KVM: x86: Rework guest single-step flag injection and filtering
Push TF and RF injection and filtering on guest single-stepping into the
vender get/set_rflags callbacks. This makes the whole mechanism more
robust wrt user space IOCTL order and instruction emulations.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Jan Kiszka [Fri, 2 Oct 2009 22:31:21 +0000 (00:31 +0200)]
KVM: x86: Refactor guest debug IOCTL handling
Much of so far vendor-specific code for setting up guest debug can
actually be handled by the generic code. This also fixes a minor deficit
in the SVM part /wrt processing KVM_GUESTDBG_ENABLE.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
KVM: Kill the confusing tsc_ref_khz and ref_freq variables
They are globals, not clearly protected by any ordering or locking, and
vulnerable to various startup races.
Instead, for variable TSC machines, register the cpufreq notifier and get
the TSC frequency directly from the cpufreq machinery. Not only is it
always right, it is also perfectly accurate, as no error prone measurement
is required.
On such machines, when a new CPU online is brought online, it isn't clear what
frequency it will start with, and it may not correspond to the reference, thus
in hardware_enable we clear the cpu_tsc_khz variable to zero and make sure
it is set before running on a VCPU.
This patch reorganizes the logic in svm_interrupt_allowed to
make it better to read. This is important because the logic
is a lot more complicated with Nested SVM.
Alexander Graf [Tue, 15 Sep 2009 09:37:46 +0000 (11:37 +0200)]
KVM: Activate Virtualization On Demand
X86 CPUs need to have some magic happening to enable the virtualization
extensions on them. This magic can result in unpleasant results for
users, like blocking other VMMs from working (vmx) or using invalid TLB
entries (svm).
Currently KVM activates virtualization when the respective kernel module
is loaded. This blocks us from autoloading KVM modules without breaking
other VMMs.
To circumvent this problem at least a bit, this patch introduces on
demand activation of virtualization. This means, that instead
virtualization is enabled on creation of the first virtual machine
and disabled on destruction of the last one.
So using this, KVM can be easily autoloaded, while keeping other
hypervisors usable.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Mohammed Gamal [Tue, 1 Sep 2009 10:48:18 +0000 (12:48 +0200)]
KVM: VMX: Enhance invalid guest state emulation
- Change returned handle_invalid_guest_state() to return relevant exit codes
- Move triggering the emulation from vmx_vcpu_run() to vmx_handle_exit()
- Return to userspace instead of repeatedly trying to emulate instructions that have already failed
Signed-off-by: Mohammed Gamal <m.gamal005@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Gleb Natapov [Mon, 24 Aug 2009 08:54:26 +0000 (11:54 +0300)]
KVM: Drop kvm->irq_lock lock from irq injection path
The only thing it protects now is interrupt injection into lapic and
this can work lockless. Even now with kvm->irq_lock in place access
to lapic is not entirely serialized since vcpu access doesn't take
kvm->irq_lock.
Signed-off-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Julia Lawall [Sun, 9 Aug 2009 09:42:32 +0000 (11:42 +0200)]
VIDEO: Correct use of request_region/request_mem_region
request_region should be used with release_region, not request_mem_region.
Geert Uytterhoeven pointed out that in the case of drivers/video/gbefb.c,
the problem is actually the other way around; request_mem_region should be
used instead of request_region.
The semantic patch that finds/fixes this problem is as follows:
(http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/)
// <smpl>
@r1@
expression start;
@@
request_region(start,...)
@b1@
expression r1.start;
@@
request_mem_region(start,...)
@depends on !b1@
expression r1.start;
expression E;
@@
Helge Deller [Wed, 2 Dec 2009 23:29:15 +0000 (00:29 +0100)]
modules: don't export section names of empty sections via sysfs
On the parisc architecture we face for each and every loaded kernel module
this kernel "badness warning":
sysfs: cannot create duplicate filename '/module/ac97_bus/sections/.text'
Badness at fs/sysfs/dir.c:487
Reason for that is, that on parisc all kernel modules do have multiple
.text sections due to the usage of the -ffunction-sections compiler flag
which is needed to reach all jump targets on this platform.
An objdump on such a kernel module gives:
Sections:
Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn
0 .note.gnu.build-id 00000024000000000000000000000034 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
1 .text 00000000000000000000000000000058 2**0
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
2 .text.ac97_bus_match 0000001c000000000000000000000058 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
3 .text 000000000000000000000000000000d4 2**0
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
...
Since the .text sections are empty (size of 0 bytes) and won't be
loaded by the kernel module loader anyway, I don't see a reason
why such sections need to be listed under
/sys/module/<module_name>/sections/<section_name> either.
The attached patch does solve this issue by not exporting section
names which are empty.
This fixes bugzilla http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14703
Daniel Mack [Tue, 1 Dec 2009 17:17:18 +0000 (18:17 +0100)]
[ARM] pxamci: call mmc_remove_host() before freeing resources
mmc_remove_host() will cause the mmc core to switch off the bus power by
eventually calling pxamci_set_ios(). This function uses the regulator or
the GPIO which have been freed already.
Johannes Weiner [Tue, 1 Dec 2009 21:17:48 +0000 (13:17 -0800)]
rtc-x1205: fix rtc_time to y2k register value conversion
The possible CCR_Y2K register values are 19 or 20 and struct rtc_time's
tm_year is in years since 1900.
The function translating rtc_time to register values assumes tm_year to be
years since first christmas, though, and we end up storing 0 or 1 in the
CCR_Y2K register, which the hardware does not refuse to do.
A subsequent probing of the clock fails due to the invalid value range in
the register, though.
[ And if it didn't, reading the clock would yield a bogus year because
the function translating registers to tm_year is assuming a register
value of 19 or 20. ]
This fixes the conversion from years since 1900 in tm_year to the
corresponding CCR_Y2K value of 19 or 20.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <jw@emlix.com> Cc: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <p_gortmaker@yahoo.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sam Ravnborg [Tue, 1 Dec 2009 21:17:44 +0000 (13:17 -0800)]
kbuild: stepping down as maintainer
It has been fun but the last year or more it has been a duty and a burden.
So I leave it open for others to take over.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Anibal Monsalve Salazar <anibal@debian.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Following issues have been addressed on DA8XX/OMAP-L1XX:
a. Screen misalignment during booting when frame buffer console is
enabled.
b. Driver was configured always in PSEUDOCOLOR mode. This patch
dynamically configures the driver either in PSEUDOCOLOUR or TRUECOLOR
mode depending on bpp.
c. The RED and BLUE offsets were interchanged resulting in wrong
bootup logo colour.
This patch has been tested on DA830/OMAP-L137 and DA850/OMAP-L138 EVMs.
Signed-off-by: Sudhakar Rajashekhara <sudhakar.raj@ti.com> Cc: Steve Chen <schen@mvista.com> Cc: Pavel Kiryukhin <pkiryukhin@ru.mvista.com> Cc: Krzysztof Helt <krzysztof.h1@wp.pl> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb-2.6:
USB: Add support for Mobilcom Debitel USB UMTS Surf-Stick to option driver
USB: work around for EHCI with quirky periodic schedules
USB: musb: Fix CPPI IRQs not being signaled
USB: musb: respect usb_request->zero in control requests
USB: musb: fix ISOC Tx programming for CPPI DMAs
USB: musb: Remove unwanted message in boot log
usb: amd5536udc: fixed shared interrupt bug and warning oops
USB: ftdi_sio: Keep going when write errors are encountered.
USB: musb_gadget: fix STALL handling
USB: EHCI: don't send Clear-TT-Buffer following a STALL
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty-2.6:
tty/of_serial: add missing ns16550a id
bcm63xx_uart: Fix serial driver compile breakage.
tty_port: handle the nonblocking open of a dead port corner case
Linus Torvalds [Tue, 1 Dec 2009 16:26:44 +0000 (08:26 -0800)]
Merge branch 'upstream' of git://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/scm/upstream-linus
* 'upstream' of git://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/scm/upstream-linus:
MIPS: Loongson: Switch from flatmem to sparsemem
MIPS: Loongson: Disallow 4kB pages
MIPS: Add missing definition for MADV_HWPOISON.
MIPS: Fix build error if __xchg() is not getting inlined.
MIPS: IP22/IP28 Disable early printk to fix boot problems on some systems.
Wu Zhangjin [Tue, 1 Dec 2009 06:55:25 +0000 (14:55 +0800)]
MIPS: Loongson: Disallow 4kB pages
Currently, with PAGE_SIZE_4KB, the kernel for loongson will hang on:
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!
The possible reason is the cache aliases problem:
Loongson 2F has 64kb, 4 way L1 Cache, the way size is 16kb, which is bigger
then 4kb. so, If using 4kb page size, there is cache aliases problem.
To avoid this kind of problem, extra cache flushing. The 2nd possible
solution is 16kb page size which avoids cache aliases without the need for
extra cache flushes. So we disable 4kB pages until the aliasing issue is
solved.
Ralf Baechle [Tue, 24 Nov 2009 13:16:02 +0000 (13:16 +0000)]
MIPS: Fix build error if __xchg() is not getting inlined.
If __xchg() is not getting inlined the outline version of the function
will have a reference to __xchg_called_with_bad_pointer() which does not
exist remaining. Fixed by using BUILD_BUG_ON() to check for allowable
operand sizes.
Martin Michlmayr [Thu, 19 Nov 2009 16:40:09 +0000 (16:40 +0000)]
MIPS: IP22/IP28 Disable early printk to fix boot problems on some systems.
Some Debian users have reported that the kernel hangs early during boot on
some IP22 systems. Thomas Bogendoerfer found that this is due to a "bad
interaction between CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK and overwritten prom memory during
early boot". Since there's no fix yet, disable CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK for now.
Signed-off-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com> Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Dmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@gmail.com>
Patchwork: http://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/702/ Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Linus Torvalds [Tue, 1 Dec 2009 15:36:23 +0000 (07:36 -0800)]
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mattst88/alpha-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mattst88/alpha-2.6:
alpha: Fixup last users of irq_chip->typename
Alpha: Rearrange thread info flags fixing two regressions
arch/alpha/kernel: Add kmalloc NULL tests
arch/alpha/kernel/sys_ruffian.c: Use DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST
David Howells [Tue, 1 Dec 2009 13:52:08 +0000 (13:52 +0000)]
SLOW_WORK: Fix the CONFIG_MODULES=n case
Commits 3d7a641 ("SLOW_WORK: Wait for outstanding work items belonging to a
module to clear") introduced some code to make sure that all of a module's
slow-work items were complete before that module was removed, and commit 3bde31a ("SLOW_WORK: Allow a requeueable work item to sleep till the thread is
needed") further extended that, breaking it in the process if CONFIG_MODULES=n:
CC kernel/slow-work.o
kernel/slow-work.c: In function 'slow_work_execute':
kernel/slow-work.c:313: error: 'slow_work_thread_processing' undeclared (first use in this function)
kernel/slow-work.c:313: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
kernel/slow-work.c:313: error: for each function it appears in.)
kernel/slow-work.c: In function 'slow_work_wait_for_items':
kernel/slow-work.c:950: error: 'slow_work_unreg_sync_lock' undeclared (first use in this function)
kernel/slow-work.c:951: error: 'slow_work_unreg_wq' undeclared (first use in this function)
kernel/slow-work.c:961: error: 'slow_work_unreg_work_item' undeclared (first use in this function)
kernel/slow-work.c:974: error: 'slow_work_unreg_module' undeclared (first use in this function)
kernel/slow-work.c:977: error: 'slow_work_thread_processing' undeclared (first use in this function)
make[1]: *** [kernel/slow-work.o] Error 1
Fix this by:
(1) Extracting the bits of slow_work_execute() that are contingent on
CONFIG_MODULES, and the bits that should be, into inline functions and
placing them into the #ifdef'd section that defines the relevant variables
and adding stubs for moduleless kernels. This allows the removal of some
#ifdefs.
(2) #ifdef'ing out the contents of slow_work_wait_for_items() in moduleless
kernels.
The four functions related to handling module unloading synchronisation (and
their associated variables) could be offloaded into a separate .c file, but
each function is only used once and three of them are tiny, so doing so would
prevent them from being inlined.
David Howells [Tue, 1 Dec 2009 13:38:45 +0000 (13:38 +0000)]
9p: fix build breakage introduced by FS-Cache
While building 2.6.32-rc8-git2 for Fedora I noticed the following thinko
in commit 201a15428bd54f83eccec8b7c64a04b8f9431204 ("FS-Cache: Handle
pages pending storage that get evicted under OOM conditions"):
fs/9p/cache.c: In function '__v9fs_fscache_release_page':
fs/9p/cache.c:346: error: 'vnode' undeclared (first use in this function)
fs/9p/cache.c:346: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
fs/9p/cache.c:346: error: for each function it appears in.)
make[2]: *** [fs/9p/cache.o] Error 1
Fix the 9P filesystem to correctly construct the argument to
fscache_maybe_release_page().
projects / linux-beck.git / log