Currently reading a directory is implemented in the client code.
This function is not actually a wire operation, but a meta operation
which calls read operations and processes the results.
This patch moves this functionality to the fs layer and calls component
wire operations instead of constructing their packets. This provides a
cleaner separation and will help when we reorganize the client functions
and protocol processing methods.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Currently, the 9p net wire operation ensures that all data is sent by sending
multiple packets if the data requested is larger than the msize. This is
better handled in the vfs code so that we can simplify wire operations to
being concerned with only putting data onto and taking data off of the wire.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
9p: move readn meta-function from client to fs layer
There are a couple of methods in the client code which aren't actually
wire operations. To keep things organized cleaner, these operations are
being moved to the fs layer.
This patch moves the readn meta-function (which executes multiple wire
reads until a buffer is full) to the fs layer.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Currently there are two separate versions of read and write. One for
dealing with user buffers and the other for dealing with kernel buffers.
There is a tremendous amount of code duplication in the otherwise
identical versions of these functions. This patch adds an additional
user buffer parameter to read and write and conditionalizes handling of
the buffer on whether the kernel buffer or the user buffer is populated.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
This code moves the rpc function to the common client base,
reorganizes the flush code to be more simple and stable, and
makes the necessary adjustments to the underlying transports
to adapt to the new structure.
This reduces the overall amount of code duplication between the
transports and should make adding new transports more straightforward.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
9p: use the rcall structure passed in the request in trans_fd read_work
This patch reworks the read_work function to enable it to directly use a passed
in rcall structure. This should help allow us to remove unnecessary copies
in the future.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
The virtio transport uses a simplified request management system
that I want to use for all transports. This patch adapts and moves the
exisiting code for managing requests to the client common code.
Later patches will apply these mechanisms to the other transports.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
The current trans_fd rpc mechanisms use a dynamic callback mechanism which
introduces a lot of complexity which only accomodates a single special case.
This patch removes much of that complexity in favor of a simple exception
mechanism to deal with flushes.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Right now there is a transport module structure which provides per-transport
type functions and data and a transport structure which contains per-instance
public data as well as function pointers to instance specific functions.
This patch moves public transport visible instance data to the client
structure (which in some cases had duplicate data) and consolidates the
functions into the transport module structure.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Tejun Heo [Mon, 13 Oct 2008 23:45:25 +0000 (18:45 -0500)]
9p-trans_fd: use single poller
trans_fd used pool of upto 100 pollers to monitor the r/w fds. The
approach makes sense in userspace back when the only available
interfaces were poll(2) and select(2). As each event monitor -
trigger - handling iteration took O(n) where `n' is the number of
watched fds, it makes sense to spread them to many pollers such that
the `n' can be divided by the number of pollers. However, this
doesn't make any sense in kernel because persistent edge triggered
event monitoring is how the whole thing is implemented in the kernel
in the first place.
This patch converts trans_fd to use single poller which watches all
the fds instead of the poll of pollers approach. All the fds are
registered for monitoring on creation and only the fds with pending
events are scanned when something happens much like how epoll is
implemented.
This change makes trans_fd fd monitoring more efficient and simpler.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Linus Torvalds [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 23:11:43 +0000 (16:11 -0700)]
{pci,pnp} quirks.c: don't use deprecated print_fn_descriptor_symbol()
I dunno how this missed Bjorn and his quest to use %pF in commit c80cfb0406c01bb5da91bfe30f5cb1fd96831138 ("vsprintf: use new vsprintf
symbolic function pointer format"), but it did.
So use %pF in the two remaining places that still tried to print out
function pointers by hand.
* git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/nfs-2.6: (53 commits)
NFS: Fix a resolution problem with nfs_inode->cache_change_attribute
NFS: Fix the resolution problem with nfs_inode_attrs_need_update()
NFS: Changes to inode->i_nlinks must set the NFS_INO_INVALID_ATTR flag
RPC/RDMA: ensure connection attempt is complete before signalling.
RPC/RDMA: correct the reconnect timer backoff
RPC/RDMA: optionally emit useful transport info upon connect/disconnect.
RPC/RDMA: reformat a debug printk to keep lines together.
RPC/RDMA: harden connection logic against missing/late rdma_cm upcalls.
RPC/RDMA: fix connect/reconnect resource leak.
RPC/RDMA: return a consistent error, when connect fails.
RPC/RDMA: adhere to protocol for unpadded client trailing write chunks.
RPC/RDMA: avoid an oops due to disconnect racing with async upcalls.
RPC/RDMA: maintain the RPC task bytes-sent statistic.
RPC/RDMA: suppress retransmit on RPC/RDMA clients.
RPC/RDMA: fix connection IRD/ORD setting
RPC/RDMA: support FRMR client memory registration.
RPC/RDMA: check selected memory registration mode at runtime.
RPC/RDMA: add data types and new FRMR memory registration enum.
RPC/RDMA: refactor the inline memory registration code.
NFS: fix nfs_parse_ip_address() corner case
...
Linus Torvalds [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 22:36:00 +0000 (15:36 -0700)]
Merge branch 'kvm-updates/2.6.28' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/avi/kvm
* 'kvm-updates/2.6.28' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/avi/kvm: (134 commits)
KVM: ia64: Add intel iommu support for guests.
KVM: ia64: add directed mmio range support for kvm guests
KVM: ia64: Make pmt table be able to hold physical mmio entries.
KVM: Move irqchip_in_kernel() from ioapic.h to irq.h
KVM: Separate irq ack notification out of arch/x86/kvm/irq.c
KVM: Change is_mmio_pfn to kvm_is_mmio_pfn, and make it common for all archs
KVM: Move device assignment logic to common code
KVM: Device Assignment: Move vtd.c from arch/x86/kvm/ to virt/kvm/
KVM: VMX: enable invlpg exiting if EPT is disabled
KVM: x86: Silence various LAPIC-related host kernel messages
KVM: Device Assignment: Map mmio pages into VT-d page table
KVM: PIC: enhance IPI avoidance
KVM: MMU: add "oos_shadow" parameter to disable oos
KVM: MMU: speed up mmu_unsync_walk
KVM: MMU: out of sync shadow core
KVM: MMU: mmu_convert_notrap helper
KVM: MMU: awareness of new kvm_mmu_zap_page behaviour
KVM: MMU: mmu_parent_walk
KVM: x86: trap invlpg
KVM: MMU: sync roots on mmu reload
...
The type of a pointer subtraction is not "int", nor is it "long". It
can be either (or something else). It's "ptrdiff_t", and the printk
format for it is "%td".
Linus Torvalds [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 22:08:45 +0000 (15:08 -0700)]
Merge branch 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86: fix compat-vdso
x86/mm: unify init task OOM handling
x86/mm: do not trigger a kernel warning if user-space disables interrupts and generates a page fault
Julia Lawall [Wed, 15 Oct 2008 15:51:04 +0000 (16:51 +0100)]
FRV: Eliminate NULL test and memset after alloc_bootmem
As noted by Akinobu Mita in patch b1fceac2b9e04d278316b2faddf276015fc06e3b,
alloc_bootmem and related functions never return NULL and always return a
zeroed region of memory. Thus a NULL test or memset after calls to these
functions is unnecessary.
This was fixed using the following semantic patch.
(http://www.emn.fr/x-info/coccinelle/)
// <smpl>
@@
expression E;
statement S;
@@
E = \(alloc_bootmem\|alloc_bootmem_low\|alloc_bootmem_pages\|alloc_bootmem_low_pages\)(...)
... when != E
(
- BUG_ON (E == NULL);
|
- if (E == NULL) S
)
@@
expression E,E1;
@@
E = \(alloc_bootmem\|alloc_bootmem_low\|alloc_bootmem_pages\|alloc_bootmem_low_pages\)(...)
... when != E
- memset(E,0,E1);
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Harvey Harrison [Wed, 15 Oct 2008 15:50:59 +0000 (16:50 +0100)]
FRV: Switch unaligned access to the packed-struct implementation
Switch unaligned access to the packed-struct implementation for BE accesses as
this reduces the size of the kernel a little. LE still uses the byte shift.
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Bjorn Helgaas [Wed, 15 Oct 2008 15:50:48 +0000 (16:50 +0100)]
frv: use generic pci_enable_resources()
Use the generic pci_enable_resources() instead of the arch-specific code.
Unlike this arch-specific code, the generic version:
- checks PCI_NUM_RESOURCES (11), not 6, resources
- skips resources that have neither IORESOURCE_IO nor IORESOURCE_MEM set
- skips ROM resources unless IORESOURCE_ROM_ENABLE is set
- checks for resource collisions with "!r->parent"
Linus Torvalds [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 22:02:24 +0000 (15:02 -0700)]
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ieee1394/linux1394-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ieee1394/linux1394-2.6:
firewire: Add more documentation to firewire-cdev.h
firewire: fix ioctl() return code
firewire: fix setting tag and sy in iso transmission
firewire: fw-sbp2: fix another small generation access bug
firewire: fw-sbp2: enforce s/g segment size limit
firewire: fw_send_request_sync()
ieee1394: survive a few seconds connection loss
ieee1394: nodemgr clean up class iterators
ieee1394: dv1394, video1394: remove unnecessary expressions
ieee1394: raw1394: make write() thread-safe
ieee1394: raw1394: narrow down the state_mutex protected region
ieee1394: raw1394: replace BKL by local mutex, make ioctl() and mmap() thread-safe
ieee1394: sbp2: enforce s/g segment size limit
ieee1394: sbp2: check for DMA mapping failures
ieee1394: sbp2: stricter dma_sync
ieee1394: Use DIV_ROUND_UP
Harvey Harrison [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 20:40:35 +0000 (13:40 -0700)]
lib: remove defining macros for strict_strto??
Open-code them rather than using defining macros. The function bodies are now
next to their kerneldoc comments as a bonus.
Add casts to the signed cases as they call into the unsigned versions.
Avoids the sparse warnings:
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different signedness)
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1: expected unsigned long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1: got long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different signedness)
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1: expected unsigned long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1: got long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different signedness)
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1: expected unsigned long long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1: got long long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different signedness)
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1: expected unsigned long long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1: got long long *res
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Adrian Bunk [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 20:29:21 +0000 (23:29 +0300)]
init/do_mounts_md.c must #include <linux/delay.h>
This patch fixes the following compile error caused by commit 589f800bb12c5cd6c9167bbf9bf3cb70cd8e422c ("fastboot: make the raid
autodetect code wait for all devices to init"):
CC init/do_mounts_md.o
init/do_mounts_md.c: In function 'autodetect_raid':
init/do_mounts_md.c:285: error: implicit declaration of function 'msleep'
make[2]: *** [init/do_mounts_md.o] Error 1
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linus Torvalds [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 19:45:08 +0000 (12:45 -0700)]
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cooloney/blackfin-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cooloney/blackfin-2.6:
Blackfin arch: make sure cycles is marked as volatile so gcc doesnt reorder on us
Blackfin arch: disable CONFIG_HW_RANDOM and CONFIG_DAB in defconfig files
Blackfin arch: update cache flush prototypes with argument names to make them less mysterious
Blackfin arch: move bfin_addr_dcachable() and friends into the cacheflush header where it belongs
Blackfin arch: use the new bfin_addr_dcachable() function
Blackfin arch: fix bug - build kernel failed at head.S when reprogram clock on all platforms
Blackfin arch: unify/cleanup cache code
Blackfin arch: update AD7879 platform resources in board file
Blackfin arch: Zero out bss region in L1/L2 memory.
Blackfin arch: add read/write IO accessor functions to Blackfin
Blackfin arch: fix bug - some serial header files set RTS to an input when they should all be outputs
Linus Torvalds [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 19:43:49 +0000 (12:43 -0700)]
Merge branch 'agp-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/airlied/agp-2.6
* 'agp-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/airlied/agp-2.6:
agp/nvidia: Support agp user-memory on nvidia agp.
agp/amd-k7: Suspend support for AMD K7 GART driver
agp/intel: Reduce extraneous PCI posting reads during init
agp: Fix stolen memory counting on G4X.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core-2.6: (46 commits)
UIO: Fix mapping of logical and virtual memory
UIO: add automata sercos3 pci card support
UIO: Change driver name of uio_pdrv
UIO: Add alignment warnings for uio-mem
Driver core: add bus_sort_breadthfirst() function
NET: convert the phy_device file to use bus_find_device_by_name
kobject: Cleanup kobject_rename and !CONFIG_SYSFS
kobject: Fix kobject_rename and !CONFIG_SYSFS
sysfs: Make dir and name args to sysfs_notify() const
platform: add new device registration helper
sysfs: use ilookup5() instead of ilookup5_nowait()
PNP: create device attributes via default device attributes
Driver core: make bus_find_device_by_name() more robust
usb: turn dev_warn+WARN_ON combos into dev_WARN
debug: use dev_WARN() rather than WARN_ON() in device_pm_add()
debug: Introduce a dev_WARN() function
sysfs: fix deadlock
device model: Do a quickcheck for driver binding before doing an expensive check
Driver core: Fix cleanup in device_create_vargs().
Driver core: Clarify device cleanup.
...
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-for-linus:
module: remove CONFIG_KMOD in comment after #endif
remove CONFIG_KMOD from fs
remove CONFIG_KMOD from drivers
Manually fix conflict due to include cleanups in drivers/md/md.c
Linus Torvalds [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 19:18:16 +0000 (12:18 -0700)]
Merge branch 'docs' of git://git.lwn.net/linux-2.6
* 'docs' of git://git.lwn.net/linux-2.6:
Document panic_on_unrecovered_nmi sysctl
Add a reference to paper to SubmittingPatches
Add kerneldoc documentation for new printk format extensions
Remove videobook.tmpl
doc: Test-by?
Add the development process document
Documentation/block/data-integrity.txt: Fix section numbers
Linus Torvalds [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 18:55:11 +0000 (11:55 -0700)]
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://neil.brown.name/md
* 'for-linus' of git://neil.brown.name/md:
md: fix input truncation in safe_delay_store()
md: check for memory allocation failure in faulty personality
md: build failure due to missing delay.h
md: Relax minimum size restrictions on chunk_size.
md: remove space after function name in declaration and call.
md: Remove unnecessary #includes, #defines, and function declarations.
md: Convert remaining 1k representations in linear.c to sectors.
md: linear.c: Make two local variables sector-based.
md: linear: Represent dev_info->size and dev_info->offset in sectors.
md: linear.c: Remove broken debug code.
md: linear.c: Remove pointless initialization of curr_offset.
md: linear.c: Fix typo in comment.
md: Don't try to set an array to 'read-auto' if it is already in that state.
md: Allow metadata_version to be updated for externally managed metadata.
md: Fix rdev_size_store with size == 0
Linus Torvalds [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 18:52:08 +0000 (11:52 -0700)]
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dtor/input
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dtor/input: (32 commits)
Input: wm97xx - update email address for Liam Girdwood
Input: i8042 - add Thinkpad R31 to nomux list
Input: move map_to_7segment.h to include/linux
Input: ads7846 - fix cache line sharing issue
Input: cm109 - add missing newlines to messages
Input: document i8042.debug in kernel-parameters.txt
Input: keyboard - fix potential out of bound access to key_map
Input: psmouse - add OLPC touchpad driver
Input: psmouse - tweak PSMOUSE_DEFINE_ATTR to support raw set callbacks
Input: psmouse - add psmouse_queue_work() for ps/2 extension to make use of
Input: psmouse - export psmouse_set_state for ps/2 extensions to use
Input: ads7846 - introduce .gpio_pendown to get pendown state
Input: ALPS - add signature for DualPoint found in Dell Latitude E6500
Input: serio_raw - allow attaching to translated (SERIO_I8042XL) ports
Input: cm109 - don't use obsolete logging macros
Input: atkbd - expand Latitude's force release quirk to other Dells
Input: bf54x-keys - add power management support
Input: atmel_tsadcc - improve accuracy
Input: convert drivers to use strict_strtoul()
Input: appletouch - handle geyser 3/4 status bits
...
| drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1286.c: In function 'ds1286_rtc_read':
| drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1286.c:33: error: implicit declaration of function '__raw_readl'
| drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1286.c: In function 'ds1286_rtc_write':
| drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1286.c:38: error: implicit declaration of function '__raw_writel'
| drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1286.c: In function 'ds1286_probe':
| drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1286.c:345: error: implicit declaration of function 'ioremap'
| drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1286.c:345: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
| drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1286.c:365: error: implicit declaration of function 'iounmap'
and
| drivers/rtc/rtc-m48t35.c: In function 'm48t35_read_time':
| drivers/rtc/rtc-m48t35.c:59: error: implicit declaration of function 'readb'
| drivers/rtc/rtc-m48t35.c:60: error: implicit declaration of function 'writeb'
| drivers/rtc/rtc-m48t35.c: In function 'm48t35_probe':
| drivers/rtc/rtc-m48t35.c:168: error: implicit declaration of function 'ioremap'
| drivers/rtc/rtc-m48t35.c:168: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
| drivers/rtc/rtc-m48t35.c:188: error: implicit declaration of function 'iounmap'
Include <linux/io.h> to get access to the I/O API.
Bernhard Walle [Tue, 7 Oct 2008 11:21:56 +0000 (13:21 +0200)]
Document panic_on_unrecovered_nmi sysctl
This adds "panic_on_unrecovered_nmi" sysctl to
Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. The text is mainly taken from
http://readlist.com/lists/vger.kernel.org/linux-kernel/43/217998.html.
Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Linus Torvalds [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 18:26:53 +0000 (11:26 -0700)]
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/hid
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/hid:
HID: blacklist additional SoundGraph iMon LCD models
HID: fix/improve help texts for quirk drivers
HID: fix default building of HID-quirk drivers
Magnus Damm [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:15 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
resource: add resource_type() and IORESOURCE_TYPE_BITS
Add resource_type() and IORESOURCE_TYPE_BITS. They make it easier to add
more resource types without having to rewrite tons of code.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <damm@igel.co.jp> Cc: Ben Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org> Cc: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Jack Steiner [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:13 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
GRU driver: minor updates
A few minor updates for the GRU driver.
- documentation changes found in code reviews
- changes to #ifdefs to make them recognized by "unifdef"
(used in simulator testing)
- change GRU context load/unload to prefetch data
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment] Signed-off-by: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Thomas Petazzoni [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:12 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
Configure out AIO support
This patchs adds the CONFIG_AIO option which allows to remove support
for asynchronous I/O operations, that are not necessarly used by
applications, particularly on embedded devices. As this is a
size-reduction option, it depends on CONFIG_EMBEDDED. It allows to
save ~7 kilobytes of kernel code/data:
text data bss dec hex filename 1115067 119180 217088 1451335 162547 vmlinux 1108025 119048 217088 1444161 160941 vmlinux.new
-7042 -132 0 -7174 -1C06 +/-
This patch has been originally written by Matt Mackall
<mpm@selenic.com>, and is part of the Linux Tiny project.
[randy.dunlap@oracle.com: build fix] Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com> Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org> Cc: Zach Brown <zach.brown@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Bernhard Weirich [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:11 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
w1: new driver. DS2431 chip
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: minor fixlets and cleanups] Signed-off-by: Bernhard Weirich <bernhard.weirich@riedel.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Cc: Ben Gardner <bgardner@wabtec.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:10 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
W1: ds2490.c optimize ds_set_pullup
Optimize the ds_set_pullup function. For a strong pullup to be sent the
ds2490 has to have both the strong pullup mode enabled, and the specific
write operation has to have the SPU bit enabled. Previously the write
always had the SPU bit enabled and both the duration and model was set
when a strong pullup was requested. Now the strong pullup mode is enabled
at initialization time, the delay is updated only when the value changes,
and the write SPU bit is set only when a strong pullup is required. This
removes two or three bus transactions per strong pullup request.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:08 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
W1: ds2490.c reset ds2490 in init
Reset the device in init as it can be in a bad state. This is necessary
because a block write will wait for data to be placed in the output buffer
and block any later commands which will keep accumulating and the device
will not be idle. Another case is removing the ds2490 module while a bus
search is in progress, somehow a few commands get through, but the input
transfers fail leaving data in the input buffer. This will cause the next
read to fail see the note in ds_recv_data.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:06 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
W1: ds2490.c ds_dump_status rework
- add result register #defines
- rename ds_dump_status to ds_print_msg
- rename ds_recv_status to ds_dump_status
- ds_dump_status prints the requested status and no longer reads the
status, this is because the second status read can return different
data for example the result register
- the result register will be printed, though limited to detecting a
new device, detecting other values such as a short would require
additional reporting methods
- ST_EPOF was moved to ds_wait_status to clear the error condition
sooner
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:05 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
W1: ds2490.c simplify and fix ds_touch_bit
Simplify and fix ds_touch_bit. If a device is attached in the middle of a
bus search the status register will return more than the default 16 bytes.
The additional bytes indicate that it has detected a new device. The way
ds_wait_status is coded, if it doesn't read 16 status bytes it returns an
error value. ds_touch_bit then will detect that error and return an
error. In that case it doesn't read the input buffer and returns
uninitialized data. It doesn't stop there. The next transaction will not
expect the extra byte in the input buffer and the short read will cause an
error and clear out both the old byte and new data in the input buffer.
Just ignore the value of ds_wait_status. It is still required to wait
until ds2490 is again idle and there is data to read when ds_recv_data is
called. This also removes the while loop. None of the other commands
wait and verify that the issued command is in the status register.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:04 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
W1: ds2490.c disable bit read and write
Don't export read and write bit operations, they didn't work, they weren't
used, and they can't be made to work. The one wire low level bit
operations expect to set high or low levels, the ds2490 hardware only
supports complete read or write time slots, better to just comment them
out.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ds_write_bit doesn't read the input buffer, so add COMM_ICP and a comment
that it will no longer generate a read back data byte. If there is an
extra data byte later on then it will cause an error and discard what data
was there. Corrected operator ordering for ds_send_control.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:03 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
W1: ds2490.c add support for strong pullup
Add strong pullup support for ds2490 driver, also drop mdelay(750), which
busy waits, usage in favour of msleep for long delays. Now with msleep
only being called when the strong pullup is active, one wire bus
operations are only taking minimal system overhead.
The new set_pullup will only enable the strong pullup when requested,
which is expected to be the only write operation that will benefit from a
strong pullup.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:02 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
W1: ds2490.c correct print message
Corrected print message, it was writing not reading, this also prints the
endpoint used for the write instead of hardcoding it. Failed to write
1-wire data to ep0x%x: err=%d.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:01 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
W1: ds1wm.c msleep for reset
Like the previous w1_io.c reset coments and msleep patch, I don't have the
hardware to verify the change, but I think it is safe. It also helps to
see a comment like this in the code. "We'll wait a bit longer just to be
sure." If they are going to calculate delaying 324.9us, but actually delay
500us, why not just give up the CPU and sleep? This is designed for a
battery powered ARM system, avoiding busywaiting has to be good for
battery life.
I sent a request for testers March 7, 2008 to the Linux kernel mailing
list and two developers who have patches for ds1wm.c, but I didn't get
any respons.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:05:01 +0000 (22:05 -0700)]
W1: w1_io.c reset comments and msleep
w1_reset_bus, added some comments about the timing and switched to msleep
for the later delay. I don't have the hardware to test the sleep after
reset change. The one wire doesn't have a timing requirement between
commands so it is fine. I do have the USB hardware and it would be in big
trouble with 10ms interrupt transfers to find that the reset completed.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:53 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: w1_int.c use first available master number
Follow the example of other devices (like the joystick device). Pick the
first available id for each detected device. Currently for USB devices,
suspending and resuming would cause the number to increment.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:52 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: w1_therm consistent mutex access code cleanup
sl->master->mutex and dev->mutex refer to the same mutex variable, but be
consistent and use the same set of pointers for the lock and unlock calls.
It is less confusing (and one less pointer dereference this way).
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:52 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: w1_family, remove unused variable need_exit
Removed the w1_family structure member variable need_exit. It was only
being set and never used. Even if it were to be used it is a polling type
operation.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:51 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: w1_therm fix user buffer overflow and cat
Fixed data reading bug by replacing binary attribute with device one.
Switching the sysfs read from bin_attribute to device_attribute. The data
is far under PAGE_SIZE so the binary interface isn't required. As the
device_attribute interface will make one call to w1_therm_read per file
open and buffer, the result is, the following problems go away.
buffer overflow:
Execute a short read on w1_slave and w1_therm_read_bin would still
return the full string size worth of data clobbering the user space
buffer when it returned. Switching to device_attribute avoids the
buffer overflow problems. With the snprintf formatted output dealing
with short reads without doing a conversion per read would have
been difficult.
bad behavior:
`cat w1_slave` would cause two temperature conversions to take place.
Previously the code assumed W1_SLAVE_DATA_SIZE would be returned with
each read. It would not return 0 unless the offset was less
than W1_SLAVE_DATA_SIZE. The result was the first read did a
temperature conversion, filled the buffer and returned, the
offset in the second read would be less than
W1_SLAVE_DATA_SIZE and also fill the buffer and return, the
third read would finnally have a big enough offset to return 0
and cause cat to stop. Now w1_therm_read will be called at
most once per open.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:50 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: w1_slave_read_id read bug, use device_attribute
Fix bug reading the id sysfs file. If less than the full 8 bytes were
read, the next read would start at the first byte instead of continuing.
It needed the offset added to memcpy, or the better solution was to
replace it with the device attribute instead of bin attribute.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:44 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: recode w1_slave_found logic
Simplified the logic in w1_slave_found by using the new
w1_attach_slave_device function to find a slave and mark it as active or
add the device if the crc checks.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:43 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: be able to manually add and remove slaves
sysfs entries were added to manually add and remove slave devices. This
is useful if the automatic bus searching is disabled, and the device ids
are already known.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk types] Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:42 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: feature, enable hardware strong pullup
Add a strong pullup option to the w1 system. This supplies extra power
for parasite powered devices. There is a w1_master_pullup sysfs entry and
enable_pullup module parameter to enable or disable the strong pullup.
The one wire bus requires at a minimum one wire and ground. The common
wire is used for sending and receiving data as well as supplying power to
devices that are parasite powered of which temperature sensors can be one
example. The bus must be idle and left high while a temperature
conversion is in progress, in addition the normal pullup resister on
larger networks or even higher temperatures might not supply enough power.
The pullup resister can't provide too much pullup current, because
devices need to pull the bus down to write a value. This enables the
strong pullup for supported hardware, which can supply more current when
requested. Unsupported hardware will just delay with the bus high.
The hardware USB 2490 one wire bus master has a bit on some commands which
will enable the strong pullup as soon as the command finishes executing.
To use strong pullup, call the new w1_next_pullup function to register the
duration. The next write command will call set_pullup before sending the
data, and reset the duration to zero once it returns.
Switched from simple_strtol to strict_strtol.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Cc: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:41 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: w1_process, block or sleep
The w1_process thread's sleeping and termination has been modified.
msleep_interruptible was replaced by schedule_timeout and schedule to
allow for kthread_stop and wake_up_process to interrupt the sleep and the
unbounded sleeping when a bus search is disabled. The W1_MASTER_NEED_EXIT
and flags variable were removed as they were redundant with
kthread_should_stop and kthread_stop. If w1_process is sleeping,
requesting a search will immediately wake it up rather than waiting for
the end of msleep_interruptible previously.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:40 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: don't delay search start
Move the creation of the w1_process thread to after the device has been
initialized. This way w1_process doesn't have to check to see if it has
been initialized and the bus search can proceed without sleeping. That
also eliminates two checks in the w1_process loop. The sleep now happens
at the end of the loop not the beginning.
Also added a comment for why the atomic_set was 2.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:39 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: abort search early on on exit
Early abort if the master driver or the hardware goes away in the middle
of a bus search operation. The alternative is to spam the print buffer up
to 64*64 times with read errors in the case of USB.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
David Fries [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:38 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
W1: fix deadlocks and remove w1_control_thread
w1_control_thread was removed which would wake up every second and process
newly registered family codes and complete some final cleanup for a
removed master. Those routines were moved to the threads that were
previously requesting those operations. A new function
w1_reconnect_slaves takes care of reconnecting existing slave devices when
a new family code is registered or removed. The removal case was missing
and would cause a deadlock waiting for the family code reference count to
decrease, which will now happen. A problem with registering a family code
was fixed. A slave device would be unattached if it wasn't yet claimed,
then attached at the end of the list, two unclaimed slaves would cause an
infinite loop.
The struct w1_bus_master.search now takes a pointer to the struct
w1_master device to avoid searching for it, which would have caused a
lock ordering deadlock with the removal of w1_control_thread.
Signed-off-by: David Fries <david@fries.net> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rajiv Andrade [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:36 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
TPM: include "moderated for non-subscribers" notation in MAINTAINERS
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Valdis Kletnieks [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:35 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
tpm: work around bug in Broadcom BCM0102 chipset
Patch tpm-correct-tpm-timeouts-to-jiffies-conversion reveals a bug in the
Broadcom BCM0102 TPM chipset used in the Dell Latitude D820 - although
most of the timeouts are returned in usecs as per the spec, one is
apparently returned in msecs, which results in a too-small value leading
to a timeout when the code treats it as usecs. To prevent a regression,
we check for the known too-short value and adjust it to a value that makes
things work.
Signed-off-by: Valdis Kletnieks <valdis.kletnieks@vt.edu> Cc: Marcin Obara <marcin_obara@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: Marcel Selhorst <tpm@selhorst.net> Cc: Kylene Jo Hall <kjhall@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Marcin Obara [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:34 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
tpm: correct tpm timeouts to jiffies conversion
This patch fixes timeouts conversion to jiffies, by replacing
msecs_to_jiffies() calls with usecs_to_jiffies(). According to TCG TPM
Specification Version 1.2 Revision 103 (pages 166, 167) TPM timeouts and
durations are returned in microseconds (usec) not in miliseconds (msec).
This fixes a long hang while loading TPM driver, if TPM chip starts in
"Idle" state instead of "Ready" state. Without this patch - 'modprobe'
may hang for 30 seconds or more.
Signed-off-by: Marcin Obara <marcin_obara@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: Marcel Selhorst <tpm@selhorst.net> Cc: Kylene Jo Hall <kjhall@us.ibm.com> Cc: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Aristeu Rozanski [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:32 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
edac i5000: fix thermal issues
Make the Thermal messages (temperature got past Tmid) be displayed only
once because:
1) it's the BIOS job to configure and handle the memory throttling
2) if the BIOS is broken or is aware about the condition, flooding the
system logs won't help anything.
3) According to the specification update for Intel 5000 MCHs, all the
revisions of this MCH have problems on the thermal sensors, making
not automatic (a.k.a. intelligent thermal throttling) impossible.
Signed-off-by: Aristeu Rozanski <aris@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Doug Thompson <dougthompson@xmission.com> Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Aristeu Rozanski [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:31 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
edac i5000: fix error messages
Update the i5000_edac messages, making everything pass through the EDAC
(so the log controls will work) and being more specific about the errors.
Also, it makes the miscellaneous errors optional and disabled by default.
As I didn't found anywhere information about M23ERR-M26ERR
(FERR_NF_THERMAL) on FERR_NF_FBD, I'm removing them.
Signed-off-by: Aristeu Rozanski <aris@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Doug Thompson <dougthompson@xmission.com> Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrew Kilkenny [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:28 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
edac mpc85xx: add support for mpc8572
This adds support for the dual-core MPC8572 processor. We have
to support making SPR changes on each core. Also, since we can
have multiple memory controllers sharing an interrupt, flag the
interrupts with IRQF_SHARED.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Kilkenny <akilkenny@xes-inc.com> Signed-off-by: Nate Case <ncase@xes-inc.com> Acked-by: Dave Jiang <djiang@mvista.com> Signed-off-by: Doug Thompson <dougthompson@xmission.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It makes i82443bxgx_edac coexist with intel_agp using the same approach as
several other EDAC drivers.
Tested on Intel's L443GX with redhat's 2.6.18 with whole EDAC subsystem
backported a while ago.
[root@host ~]# dmesg|grep -iE '(AGP|EDAC)'
Linux agpgart interface v0.101 (c) Dave Jones
agpgart: Detected an Intel 440GX Chipset.
agpgart: AGP aperture is 64M @ 0xf8000000
EDAC MC: Ver: 2.1.0 Jun 27 2008
EDAC MC0: Giving out device to 'i82443bxgx_edac' 'I82443BXGX': DEV 0000:00:00.0
EDAC PCI0: Giving out device to module 'i82443bxgx_edac' controller 'EDAC PCI controller': DEV '0000:00:00.0' (POLLED)
Signed-off-by: Vladislav Bogdanov <slava@nsys.by> Cc: Doug Thompson <norsk5@yahoo.com> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Oleg Nesterov [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:25 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
pid_ns: de_thread: kill the now unneeded ->child_reaper change
de_thread() checks if the old leader was the ->child_reaper, this is not
possible any longer. With the previous patch ->group_leader itself will
change ->child_reaper on exit.
Henceforth find_new_reaper() is the only function (apart from
initialization) which plays with ->child_reaper.
Alexey Dobriyan [Thu, 16 Oct 2008 05:04:23 +0000 (22:04 -0700)]
sysctl: simplify ->strategy
name and nlen parameters passed to ->strategy hook are unused, remove
them. In general ->strategy hook should know what it's doing, and don't
do something tricky for which, say, pointer to original userspace array
may be needed (name).
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> [ networking bits ] Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>