perf newt: Add a "Zoom into foo.so DSO" and reverse operations
Clicking on -> will bring as one of the popup menu options a "Zoom into
CURRENT DSO", i.e. CURRENT will be replaced by the name of the DSO in
the current line.
Choosing this option will filter out all samples that didn't took place
in a symbol in this DSO.
After that the option reverts to "Zoom out of CURRENT DSO", to allow
going back to the more compreensive view, not filtered by DSO.
Future similar operations will include zooming into a particular thread,
COMM, CPU, "last minute", "last N usecs", etc.
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Anton Blanchard [Sat, 3 Apr 2010 11:53:31 +0000 (22:53 +1100)]
perf symbols: Fill in pgoff in mmap synthesized events
When we synthesize mmap events we need to fill in the pgoff field.
I wasn't able to test this completely since I couldn't find an
executable region with a non 0 offset. We will see it when we start
doing data profiling.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100403115331.GK5594@kryten> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf: Always build the stub perf_arch_fetch_caller_regs version
Now that software events use perf_arch_fetch_caller_regs() too, we
need the stub version to be always built in for archs that don't
implement it.
Fixes the following build error in PARISC:
kernel/built-in.o: In function `perf_event_task_sched_out':
(.text.perf_event_task_sched_out+0x54): undefined reference to `perf_arch_fetch_caller_regs'
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Borislav Petkov [Mon, 29 Mar 2010 16:47:55 +0000 (18:47 +0200)]
perf, probe-finder: Build fix on Debian
Building chokes with:
In file included from /usr/include/gelf.h:53,
from /usr/include/elfutils/libdw.h:53,
from util/probe-finder.h:61,
from util/probe-finder.c:39:
/usr/include/libelf.h:98: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'off64_t'
[...]
Tom Zanussi [Fri, 2 Apr 2010 04:58:25 +0000 (23:58 -0500)]
perf/scripts: Tuple was set from long in both branches in python_process_event()
This is a fix to the signed/unsigned field handling in the
Python scripting engine, based on a patch from Roel Kluin.
Basically, Python wants to use a PyInt (which is internally a
long) if it can i.e. if the value will fit into that type. If
not, it stores it into a PyLong, which isn't actually a long,
but an arbitrary-precision integer variable.
The code below is similar to to what Python does internally, and
it seems to work as expected on the x86 and x86_64 sytems I
tested it on.
perf hist: Only allocate callchain_node if processing callchains
The struct callchain_node size is 120 bytes, that are never used when
there are no callchains or '-g none' is specified, so conditionally
allocate it, reducing sizeof(struct hist_entry) from 210 bytes to only
96, greatly speeding the non-callchain processing.
LKML-Reference: <new-submission> Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf kmem: Fixup the symbol address before using it
We get absolute addresses in the events, but relative ones from the
symbol subsystem, so calculate the absolute address by asking for the
map where the symbol was found, that has the place where the DSO was
actually loaded.
For the core kernel this poses no problems if the kernel is not
relocated by things like kexec, or if we use /proc/kallsyms, but for
modules we were getting really large, negative offsets.
LKML-Reference: <new-submission> Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Due to the assumption in perf_session__new that the kernel maps would be
created using the fake PERF_RECORD_MMAP event in a perf.data file 'perf
kmem --stat caller', that doesn't have such event, ends up not being
able to resolve the kernel addresses.
Fix it by calling perf_session__create_kernel_maps() in __cmd_kmem().
LKML-Reference: <new-submission> Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf hist: Replace ->print() routines by ->snprintf() equivalents
Then hist_entry__fprintf will just us the newly introduced
hist_entry__snprintf, add the newline and fprintf it to the supplied
FILE descriptor.
This allows us to remove the use_browser checking in the color_printf
routines, that now got color_snprintf variants too.
The newt TUI browser (and other GUIs that may come in the future) don't
have to worry about stdio specific stuff in the strings they get from
the se->snprintf routines and instead use whatever means to do the
equivalent.
Also the newt TUI browser don't have to use the fmemopen() hack, instead
it can use the se->snprintf routines directly. For now tho use the
hist_entry__snprintf routine to reduce the patch size.
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf record: Add a fallback to the reference relocation symbol
Usually "_text" is enough, but I received reports that its not always
available, so fallback to "_stext" for the symbol we use to check if we
need to apply any relocation to all the symbols in the kernel symtab,
for when, for instance, kexec is being used.
Reported-by: Darren Hart <dvhltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Darren Hart <dvhltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf tools: Allow specifying O= to build files in a separate directory
Avoiding polluting the source tree with build files.
Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
For when we are processing the events and inserting the entries in the
browser.
Experimentation here: naming "ui_something" we may be treading into
creating a TUI/GUI set of routines that can then be implemented in terms
of multiple backends.
Also the time it takes for adding things to the "browser" takes, visually
(I guess I should do some profiling here ;-) ), more time than for
processing the events...
That means we probably need to create a custom hist_entry browser, so
that we reuse the structures we have in place instead of duplicating
them in newt.
But progress was made and at least we can see something while long files
are being loaded, that must be one of UI 101 bullet points :-)
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf symbols: map_groups__find_symbol must return the map too
Tools need to know from which map in the map_group a symbol was resolved
to, so that, for isntance, we can annotate kernel modules symbols by
getting its precise name, etc.
Also add the _by_name variants for completeness.
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Robert Richter [Tue, 30 Mar 2010 09:28:21 +0000 (11:28 +0200)]
perf, x86: implement ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL bit masks
ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL bit masks are often used in the kernel. This
patch adds macros for the bit masks and removes local defines. The
function intel_pmu_raw_event() becomes x86_pmu_raw_event() which is
generic for x86 models and same also for p6. Duplicate code is
removed.
Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <20100330092821.GH11907@erda.amd.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Robert Richter [Mon, 29 Mar 2010 16:36:50 +0000 (18:36 +0200)]
perf, x86: Undo some some *_counter* -> *_event* renames
The big rename:
cdd6c48 perf: Do the big rename: Performance Counters -> Performance Events
accidentally renamed some members of stucts that were named after
registers in the spec. To avoid confusion this patch reverts some
changes. The related specs are MSR descriptions in AMD's BKDGs and the
ARCHITECTURAL PERFORMANCE MONITORING section in the Intel 64 and IA-32
Architectures Software Developer's Manuals.
perf probe: Correct error message for non-structure type
perf probe outputs incorrect error message when it is called with
non-existent field on a non-data structure local variable.
<Before>
# perf probe vfs_read 'count.hoge'
Fatal: Structure on a register is not supported yet.
# perf probe vfs_read 'count->hoge'
Fatal: Semantic error: hoge must be referred by '.'
This corrects the messsage.
<After>
# perf probe vfs_read 'count.hoge'
Fatal: count is not a data structure.
# perf probe vfs_read 'count->hoge'
Fatal: count is not a data structure.
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: systemtap <systemtap@sources.redhat.com> Cc: DLE <dle-develop@lists.sourceforge.net>
LKML-Reference: <20100402165052.23551.75866.stgit@localhost6.localdomain6> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Mike Galbraith [Fri, 26 Mar 2010 10:11:33 +0000 (11:11 +0100)]
perf: Fix 'perf sched record' deadlock
perf sched record can deadlock a box should the holder of
handle->data->lock take an interrupt, and then attempt to
acquire an rq lock held by a CPU trying to acquire the
same lock. Disable interrupts.
CPU0 CPU1
sched event with rq->lock held
grab handle->data->lock
spin on handle->data->lock
interrupt
try to grab rq->lock
Reported-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Tested-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1269598293.6174.8.camel@marge.simson.net> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Torok Edwin [Wed, 17 Mar 2010 10:07:16 +0000 (12:07 +0200)]
perf, x86: Fix callgraphs of 32-bit processes on 64-bit kernels
When profiling a 32-bit process on a 64-bit kernel, callgraph tracing
stopped after the first function, because it has seen a garbage memory
address (tried to interpret the frame pointer, and return address as a
64-bit pointer).
Fix this by using a struct stack_frame with 32-bit pointers when the
TIF_IA32 flag is set.
Note that TIF_IA32 flag must be used, and not is_compat_task(), because
the latter is only set when the 32-bit process is executing a syscall,
which may not always be the case (when tracing page fault events for
example).
Signed-off-by: Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: x86@kernel.org Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
LKML-Reference: <1268820436-13145-1-git-send-email-edwintorok@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Commit 3f6da39 ("perf: Rework and fix the arch CPU-hotplug hooks") moved
the amd northbridge allocation from CPUS_ONLINE to CPUS_PREPARE_UP
however amd_nb_id() doesn't work yet on prepare so it would simply bail
basically reverting to a state where we do not properly track node wide
constraints - causing weird perf results.
Fix up the AMD NorthBridge initialization code by allocating from
CPU_UP_PREPARE and installing it from CPU_STARTING once we have the
proper nb_id. It also properly deals with the allocation failing.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
[ robustify using amd_has_nb() ] Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
LKML-Reference: <1269353485.5109.48.camel@twins> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Merge branch 'drm-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/airlied/drm-2.6
* 'drm-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/airlied/drm-2.6: (76 commits)
drm/radeon/kms: enable ACPI powermanagement mode on radeon gpus.
drm/radeon/kms: rs400/480 should set common registers.
drm/radeon/kms: add sanity check to wptr.
drm/radeon/kms/evergreen: get DP working
drm/radeon/kms: add hw_i2c module option
drm/radeon/kms: use new pre/post_xfer i2c bit algo hooks
drm/radeon/kms: disable MSI on IGP chips
drm/radeon/kms: display watermark updates (v2)
drm/radeon/kms/dp: disable training pattern on the sink at the end of link training
drm/radeon/kms: minor fixes for eDP with LCD* device tags (v2)
drm/radeon/kms/dp: remove extraneous training complete call
drm/radeon/kms/atom: minor fixes to transmitter setup
drm/radeon/kms: Only restrict BO to visible VRAM size when pinning to VRAM.
drm: fix build error when SYSRQ is disabled
drm/radeon/kms: fix macbookpro connector quirk
drm/radeon/r6xx/r7xx: further safe reg clean up
drm/radeon: bump the UMS driver version for r6xx/r7xx const buffer support
drm/radeon/kms: bump the version for r6xx/r7xx const buffer support
drm/radeon/r6xx/r7xx: CS parser fixes
drm/radeon/kms: fix some typos in r6xx/r7xx hpd setup
...
Fix up MSI-related conflicts in drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_irq_kms.c
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.monstr.eu/linux-2.6-microblaze
* 'for-linus' of git://git.monstr.eu/linux-2.6-microblaze: (35 commits)
microblaze: Support word copying in copy_tofrom_user
microblaze: Print early printk information to log buffer
microblaze: head.S typo fix
microblaze: Use MICROBLAZE_TLB_SIZE in asm code
microblaze: Kconfig Fix - pci
microblaze: Adding likely macros
microblaze: Add .type and .size to ASM functions
microblaze: Fix TLB macros
microblaze: Use instruction with delay slot
microblaze: Remove additional resr and rear loading
microblaze: Change register usage for ESR and EAR
microblaze: Prepare work for optimization in exception code
microblaze: Add DEBUG option
microblaze: Support systems without lmb bram
microblaze: uaccess: Sync strlen, strnlen, copy_to/from_user
microblaze: uaccess: Unify __copy_tofrom_user
microblaze: uaccess: Move functions to generic location
microblaze: uaccess: Fix put_user for noMMU
microblaze: uaccess: Fix get_user macro for noMMU
microblaze: uaccess: fix clear_user for noMMU kernel
...
Merge branch 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mjg59/platform-drivers-x86
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mjg59/platform-drivers-x86:
eeepc-wmi: new driver for WMI based hotkeys on Eee PC laptops
asus-laptop: fix warning in asus_handle_init
oom: fix the unsafe usage of badness() in proc_oom_score()
proc_oom_score(task) has a reference to task_struct, but that is all.
If this task was already released before we take tasklist_lock
- we can't use task->group_leader, it points to nowhere
- it is not safe to call badness() even if this task is
->group_leader, has_intersects_mems_allowed() assumes
it is safe to iterate over ->thread_group list.
- even worse, badness() can hit ->signal == NULL
Add the pid_alive() check to ensure __unhash_process() was not called.
Also, use "task" instead of task->group_leader. badness() should return
the same result for any sub-thread. Currently this is not true, but
this should be changed anyway.
Michal Simek [Mon, 15 Mar 2010 07:48:27 +0000 (08:48 +0100)]
microblaze: Support systems without lmb bram
When the system has no lmb bram, main memory should be start from
zero because of microblaze vectors.
DTS fragment could look like:
DDR2_SDRAM: memory@0 {
device_type = "memory";
reg = < 0x0 0x10000000 >;
} ;
Then you have to setup CONFIG_KERNEL_BASE_ADDR=0 which caused
that kernel physical start address will be zero. On reset vector place
will be jump to 0x100 and on 0x100 starts kernel text.
You have to solve how to load the kernel before cpu starts.
Tested with XMD.
Jason Wessel [Tue, 30 Mar 2010 19:05:07 +0000 (14:05 -0500)]
x86,kgdb: Always initialize the hw breakpoint attribute
It is required to call hw_breakpoint_init() on an attr before using it
in any other calls. This fixes the problem where kgdb will sometimes
fail to initialize on x86_64.
perf: Use hot regs with software sched switch/migrate events
Scheduler's task migration events don't work because they always
pass NULL regs perf_sw_event(). The event hence gets filtered
in perf_swevent_add().
Scheduler's context switches events use task_pt_regs() to get
the context when the event occured which is a wrong thing to
do as this won't give us the place in the kernel where we went
to sleep but the place where we left userspace. The result is
even more wrong if we switch from a kernel thread.
Use the hot regs snapshot for both events as they belong to the
non-interrupt/exception based events family. Unlike page faults
or so that provide the regs matching the exact origin of the event,
we need to save the current context.
This makes the task migration event working and fix the context
switch callchains and origin ip.
v2: Always build perf_arch_fetch_caller_regs() now that software
events need that too. They don't need it from modules, unlike trace
events, so we keep the EXPORT_SYMBOL in trace_event_perf.c
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The trace event buffer used by perf to record raw sample events
is typed as an array of char and may then not be aligned to 8
by alloc_percpu().
But we need it to be aligned to 8 in sparc64 because we cast
this buffer into a random structure type built by the TRACE_EVENT()
macro to store the traces. So if a random 64 bits field is accessed
inside, it may be not under an expected good alignment.
Use an array of long instead to force the appropriate alignment, and
perform a compile time check to ensure the size in byte of the buffer
is a multiple of sizeof(long) so that its actual size doesn't get
shrinked under us.
This fixes unaligned accesses reported while using perf lock
in sparc 64.
Suggested-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Dave Airlie [Wed, 31 Mar 2010 03:38:56 +0000 (13:38 +1000)]
drm/radeon/kms: add sanity check to wptr.
If we resume in a bad way, we'll get 0xffffffff in wptr, and then
oops with no console. This just adds a sanity check so that we can
avoid the oops and hopefully get more details out of people's systems.
Corentin Chary [Tue, 2 Mar 2010 21:24:12 +0000 (22:24 +0100)]
asus-laptop: fix warning in asus_handle_init
In function 'asus_laptop_get_info':
warning: passing argument 3 of 'asus_handle_init' from incompatible pointer type
note: expected 'char **' but argument is of type 'const char **'
Nikolaus Schulz [Wed, 31 Mar 2010 17:21:10 +0000 (02:21 +0900)]
fat: fix buffer overflow in vfat_create_shortname()
When using the string representation of a random counter as part of the base
name, ensure that it is no longer than 4 bytes.
Since we are repeatedly decrementing the counter in a loop until we have found a
unique base name, the counter may wrap around zero; therefore, it is not enough
to mask its higher bits before entering the loop, this must be done inside the
loop.
Alex Deucher [Wed, 17 Mar 2010 06:07:37 +0000 (02:07 -0400)]
drm/radeon/kms: add hw_i2c module option
Turn off hw i2c by default except for mm i2c which
is hw only until we sort out the remaining prescale
issues on older chips. hw i2c can be enabled with
hw_i2c=1.
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexdeucher@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
Alex Deucher [Sun, 14 Mar 2010 16:22:44 +0000 (12:22 -0400)]
drm/radeon/kms: use new pre/post_xfer i2c bit algo hooks
This allows us to remove the internal bit algo bus used by
the radeon i2c algo. We now register a radeon algo adapter
if the gpio line is hw capable and the hw inplementation is
available, otherwise we register a bit algo adapter.
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexdeucher@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
Alex Deucher [Wed, 31 Mar 2010 04:33:27 +0000 (00:33 -0400)]
drm/radeon/kms: display watermark updates (v2)
- Add module option to force the display priority
0 = auto, 1 = normal, 2 = high
- Default to high on r3xx/r4xx/rv515 chips
Fixes flickering problems during heavy acceleration
due to underflow to the display controllers
- Fill in minimal support for RS600
v2 - update display priority when bandwidth is updated
so the user can change the parameter at runtime and it
will take affect on the next modeset.
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexdeucher@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
Alex Deucher [Tue, 30 Mar 2010 01:37:08 +0000 (21:37 -0400)]
drm/radeon/kms: minor fixes for eDP with LCD* device tags (v2)
Some systems have LCD* rather than DFP* device tags in the bios
for eDP connectors; notably the new apple iMac. This fixes
things up so eDP connectors with either tag will work.
v2: fix typo
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexdeucher@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>