Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:18 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/PPC: prepare for killing free_all_bootmem_node()
Prepare for killing free_all_bootmem_node() by using free_all_bootmem().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de> Cc: "Suzuki K. Poulose" <suzuki@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:15 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/xtensa: prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init()
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:14 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/unicore32: prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init()
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:14 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/um: prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init()
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:12 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/ppc: prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init()
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:11 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/openrisc: prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init()
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Acked-by: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:10 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm, arch: fix two errors in calling mem_init_print_info()
Fix two errors in calling mem_init_print_info() caused by incidents.
All error/warnings:
arch/microblaze/mm/init.c: In function 'mem_init':
>> arch/microblaze/mm/init.c:249:22: error: 'str' undeclared (first use in this function)
arch/microblaze/mm/init.c:249:22: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
vim +/str +249 arch/microblaze/mm/init.c
243 /* this will put all memory onto the freelists */
244 free_all_bootmem();
245 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
246 highmem_setup();
247 #endif
248
> 249 mem_init_print_info(str);
250 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
251 pr_info("Kernel virtual memory layout:\n");
252 pr_info(" * 0x%08lx..0x%08lx : fixmap\n", FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP);
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:07 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/blackfin: prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init()
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Cc: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:06 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/ARM64: prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init()
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:06 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/ARM: prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init()
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:06 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/ARC: prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init()
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> # for arch/arc Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com> Cc: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:05 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm/alpha: prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init()
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:05 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm: introduce helper function mem_init_print_info() to simplify mem_init()
Introduce helper function mem_init_print_info() to simplify mem_init()
across different architectures, which also unifies the format and
information printed.
Function mem_init_print_info() calculates memory statistics information
without walking each page, so it should be a little faster on some
architectures.
Also introduce another helper get_num_physpages() to kill the global
variable num_physpages.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:04 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
UML: normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds
Normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds to conform usage
guidelines from include/asm-generic/sections.h.
1) Use _text to mark the start of the kernel image including the head
text, and _stext to mark the start of the .text section.
2) Export mandatory global variables __bss_stop.
3) Adjust __init_begin and __init_end to avoid acrossing .text and
.data sections.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:04 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
tile: normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds
Normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds to conform usage
guidelines from include/asm-generic/sections.h.
1) Use _text to mark the start of the kernel image including the head
text, and _stext to mark the start of the .text section.
2) Export mandatory global variables __init_begin and __init_end.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Acked-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:03 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
h8300: normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds
Generate mandatory global variables __bss_start/__bss_stop in
file vmlinux.lds.
Also remove one unused declaration of _text.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:03 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
c6x: normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds
Normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds to conform usage
guidelines from include/asm-generic/sections.h.
Use _text to mark the start of the kernel image including the head text,
and _stext to mark the start of the .text section.
This patch also fixes possible bugs due to current address layout that
[__init_begin, __init_end] is a sub-range of [_stext, _etext] and pages
within range [__init_begin, __init_end] will be freed by free_initmem().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com> Cc: Aurelien Jacquiot <a-jacquiot@ti.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:02 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
vmlinux.lds: add comments for global variables and clean up useless declarations
The original goal of this patchset is to fix the bug reported by
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53501 Now it has also been
expanded to reduce common code used by memory initializion.
Patch 1-7:
1) add comments for global variables exported by vmlinux.lds
2) normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds
Patch 8:
Introduce helper functions mem_init_print_info() and
get_num_physpages()
Patch 9:
Avoid using global variable num_physpages at runtime
Patch 10:
Don't update num_physpages in memory_hotplug.c
Patch 11-40:
Modify arch mm initialization code to:
1) Simplify mem_init() by using mem_init_print_info()
2) Prepare for killing global variable num_physpages
Patch 41:
Kill the global variable num_physpages
With all patches applied, mem_init(), free_initmem(), free_initrd_mem()
could be as simple as below. This patch series has reduced about 1.2K
lines of code in total.
Vineet Gupta [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:02 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm: Fix the TLB range flushed when __tlb_remove_page() runs out of slots
zap_pte_range loops from @addr to @end. In the middle, if it runs out of
batching slots, TLB entries needs to be flushed for @start to @interim,
NOT @interim to @end.
Since ARC port doesn't use page free batching I can't test it myself but
this seems like the right thing to do.
Observed this when working on a fix for the issue at thread:
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-arch/msg21736.html
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:01 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm: report available pages as "MemTotal" for each NUMA node
As reported by https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53501,
"MemTotal" from /proc/meminfo means memory pages managed by the buddy
system (managed_pages), but "MemTotal" from /sys/.../node/nodex/meminfo
means physical pages present (present_pages) within the NUMA node.
There's a difference between managed_pages and present_pages due to
bootmem allocator and reserved pages.
And Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt says
MemTotal: Total usable ram (i.e. physical ram minus a few reserved
bits and the kernel binary code)
So change /sys/.../node/nodex/meminfo to report available pages within
the node as "MemTotal".
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Reported-by: <sworddragon2@aol.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:01 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm: concentrate modification of totalram_pages into the mm core
Concentrate code to modify totalram_pages into the mm core, so the arch
memory initialized code doesn't need to take care of it. With these
changes applied, only following functions from mm core modify global
variable totalram_pages: free_bootmem_late(), free_all_bootmem(),
free_all_bootmem_node(), adjust_managed_page_count().
With this patch applied, it will be much more easier for us to keep
totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages in consistence.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:01 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm-correctly-update-zone-managed_pages-fix-fix
When CONFIG_HIGHMEM is undefined, totalhigh_pages is defined as:
#define totalhigh_pages 0UL
Thus statement "totalhigh_pages += count" will cause build failure as:
CC mm/page_alloc.o
mm/page_alloc.c: In function `adjust_managed_page_count':
mm/page_alloc.c:5262:19: error: lvalue required as left operand of
assignment
make[1]: *** [mm/page_alloc.o] Error 1
make: *** [mm/page_alloc.o] Error 2
So we still need to use CONFIG_HIGHMEM to guard the statement.
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:00 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm: correctly update zone->managed_pages
Enhance adjust_managed_page_count() to adjust totalhigh_pages for highmem
pages. And change code which directly adjusts totalram_pages to use
adjust_managed_page_count() because it adjusts totalram_pages,
totalhigh_pages and zone->managed_pages altogether in a safe way.
Remove inc_totalhigh_pages() and dec_totalhigh_pages() from xen/balloon
driver bacause adjust_managed_page_count() has already adjusted
totalhigh_pages.
This patch also fixes two bugs:
1) enhances virtio_balloon driver to adjust totalhigh_pages when
reserve/unreserve pages.
2) enhance memory_hotplug.c to adjust totalhigh_pages when hot-removing
memory.
We still need to deal with modifications of totalram_pages in file
arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/cmm.c, but need help from PPC experts.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Sergei Shtylyov <sergei.shtylyov@cogentembedded.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:00 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm: make __free_pages_bootmem() only available at boot time
In order to simpilify management of totalram_pages and
zone->managed_pages, make __free_pages_bootmem() only available at boot
time. With this change applied, __free_pages_bootmem() will only be used
by bootmem.c and nobootmem.c at boot time, so mark it as __init. Other
callers of __free_pages_bootmem() have been converted to use
free_reserved_page(), which handles totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages
in a safer way.
This patch also fix a bug in free_pagetable() for x86_64, which should
increase zone->managed_pages instead of zone->present_pages when freeing
reserved pages.
And now we have managed_pages_count_lock to protect totalram_pages and
zone->managed_pages, so remove the redundant ppb_lock lock in
put_page_bootmem(). This greatly simplifies the locking rules.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:08:00 +0000 (10:08 +1000)]
mm: use a dedicated lock to protect totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages
Currently lock_memory_hotplug()/unlock_memory_hotplug() are used to
protect totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages. Other than the memory
hotplug driver, totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages may also be
modified at runtime by other drivers, such as Xen balloon, virtio_balloon
etc. For those cases, memory hotplug lock is a little too heavy, so
introduce a dedicated lock to protect totalram_pages and
zone->managed_pages.
Now we have a simplified locking rules totalram_pages and
zone->managed_pages as:
1) no locking for read accesses because they are unsigned long.
2) no locking for write accesses at boot time in single-threaded context.
3) serialize write accesses at runtime by acquiring the dedicated
managed_page_count_lock.
Also adjust zone->managed_pages when freeing reserved pages into the buddy
system, to keep totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages in consistence.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:59 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm: accurately calculate zone->managed_pages for highmem zones
Commit "mm: introduce new field 'managed_pages' to struct zone" assumes
that all highmem pages will be freed into the buddy system by function
mem_init(). But that's not always true, some architectures may reserve
some highmem pages during boot. For example PPC may allocate highmem
pages for giagant HugeTLB pages, and several architectures have code to
check PageReserved flag to exclude highmem pages allocated during boot
when freeing highmem pages into the buddy system.
So treat highmem pages in the same way as normal pages, that is to:
1) reset zone->managed_pages to zero in mem_init().
2) recalculate managed_pages when freeing pages into the buddy system.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:57 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm: enhance free_reserved_area() to support poisoning memory with zero
Address more review comments from last round of code review.
1) Enhance free_reserved_area() to support poisoning freed memory with
pattern '0'. This could be used to get rid of poison_init_mem()
on ARM64.
2) A previous patch has disabled memory poison for initmem on s390
by mistake, so restore to the original behavior.
3) Remove redundant PAGE_ALIGN() when calling free_reserved_area().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Jiang Liu [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:57 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm: change signature of free_reserved_area() to fix building warnings
Change signature of free_reserved_area() according to Russell King's
suggestion to fix following build warnings:
arch/arm/mm/init.c: In function 'mem_init':
arch/arm/mm/init.c:603:2: warning: passing argument 1 of 'free_reserved_area' makes integer from pointer without a cast [enabled by default]
free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET), swapper_pg_dir, 0, NULL);
^
In file included from include/linux/mman.h:4:0,
from arch/arm/mm/init.c:15:
include/linux/mm.h:1301:22: note: expected 'long unsigned int' but argument is of type 'void *'
extern unsigned long free_reserved_area(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_reserved_area':
>> mm/page_alloc.c:5134:3: warning: passing argument 1 of 'virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default]
In file included from arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:49:0,
from include/linux/mmzone.h:20,
from include/linux/gfp.h:4,
from include/linux/mm.h:8,
from mm/page_alloc.c:18:
arch/mips/include/asm/io.h:119:29: note: expected 'const volatile void *' but argument is of type 'long unsigned int'
mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_area_init_nodes':
mm/page_alloc.c:5030:34: warning: array subscript is below array bounds [-Warray-bounds]
Also address some minor code review comments.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Reported-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Rafael Aquini [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:56 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
swap: discard while swapping only if SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_PAGES
Considering the use cases where the swap device supports discard:
a) and can do it quickly;
b) but it's slow to do in small granularities (or concurrent with other
I/O);
c) but the implementation is so horrendous that you don't even want to
send one down;
And assuming that the sysadmin considers it useful to send the discards down
at all, we would (probably) want the following solutions:
i. do the fine-grained discards for freed swap pages, if device is
capable of doing so optimally;
ii. do single-time (batched) swap area discards, either at swapon
or via something like fstrim (not implemented yet);
iii. allow doing both single-time and fine-grained discards; or
iv. turn it off completely (default behavior)
As implemented today, one can only enable/disable discards for swap, but
one cannot select, for instance, solution (ii) on a swap device like (b)
even though the single-time discard is regarded to be interesting, or
necessary to the workload because it would imply (1), and the device is
not capable of performing it optimally.
This patch addresses the scenario depicted above by introducing a way to
ensure the (probably) wanted solutions (i, ii, iii and iv) can be flexibly
flagged through swapon(8) to allow a sysadmin to select the best suitable
swap discard policy accordingly to system constraints.
This patch introduces SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_PAGES and SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_ONCE
new flags to allow more flexibe swap discard policies being flagged
through swapon(8). The default behavior is to keep both single-time, or
batched, area discards (SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_ONCE) and fine-grained discards
for page-clusters (SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_PAGES) enabled, in order to keep
consistentcy with older kernel behavior, as well as maintain compatibility
with older swapon(8). However, through the new introduced flags the best
suitable discard policy can be selected accordingly to any given swap
device constraint.
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Cc: Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com> Cc: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Currently the per cpu counter's batch size for memory accounting is
configured as twice the number of cpus in the system. However, for system
with very large memory, it is more appropriate to make it proportional to
the memory size per cpu in the system.
For example, for a x86_64 system with 64 cpus and 128 GB of memory, the
batch size is only 2*64 pages (0.5 MB). So any memory accounting changes
of more than 0.5MB will overflow the per cpu counter into the global
counter. Instead, for the new scheme, the batch size is configured to be
0.4% of the memory/cpu = 8MB (128 GB/64 /256), which is more inline with
the memory size.
I've done a repeated brk test of 800KB (from will-it-scale test suite)
with 80 concurrent processes on a 4 socket Westmere machine with a total
of 40 cores. Without the patch, about 80% of cpu is spent on spin-lock
contention within the vm_committed_as counter. With the patch, there's a
73x speedup on the benchmark and the lock contention drops off almost
entirely.
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Wanpeng Li [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:55 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm/hugetlb: use already existing interface huge_page_shift
Use the already existing interface huge_page_shift instead of h->order +
PAGE_SHIFT.
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Wanpeng Li [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:55 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm/hugetlb: remove hugetlb_prefault
hugetlb_prefault() is not used any more, this patch removes it.
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Wanpeng Li [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:55 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm/pageblock: remove get/set_pageblock_flags
get_pageblock_flags and set_pageblock_flags are not used any more, this
patch removes them.
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Wanpeng Li [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:54 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm/memory-hotplug: fix lowmem count overflow when offline pages
Logic memory-remove code fails to correctly account the Total High Memory
when a memory block which contains High Memory is offlined as shown in the
example below. The following patch fixes it.
Toshi Kani [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:54 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm/memory_hotplug.c: change normal message to use pr_debug
During early boot-up, iomem_resource is set up from the boot descriptor
table, such as EFI Memory Table and e820. Later, acpi_memory_device_add()
calls add_memory() for each ACPI memory device object as it enumerates
ACPI namespace. This add_memory() call is expected to fail in
register_memory_resource() at boot since iomem_resource has been set up
from EFI/e820. As a result, add_memory() returns -EEXIST, which
acpi_memory_device_add() handles as the normal case.
This scheme works fine, but the following error message is
logged for every ACPI memory device object during boot-up.
"System RAM resource %pR cannot be added\n"
This patch changes register_memory_resource() to use pr_debug() for the
message as it shows up under the normal case.
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Naoya Horiguchi [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:54 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm/memory-failure.c: fix memory leak in successful soft offlining
After a successful page migration by soft offlining, the source page is
not properly freed and it's never reusable even if we unpoison it
afterward.
This is caused by the race between freeing page and setting PG_hwpoison.
In successful soft offlining, the source page is put (and the refcount
becomes 0) by putback_lru_page() in unmap_and_move(), where it's linked to
pagevec and actual freeing back to buddy is delayed. So if PG_hwpoison is
set for the page before freeing, the freeing does not functions as
expected (in such case freeing aborts in free_pages_prepare() check.)
This patch tries to make sure to free the source page before setting
PG_hwpoison on it. To avoid reallocating, the page keeps MIGRATE_ISOLATE
until after setting PG_hwpoison.
This patch also removes obsolete comments about "keeping elevated
refcount" because what they say is not true. Unlike memory_failure(),
soft_offline_page() uses no special page isolation code, and the
soft-offlined pages have no elevated.
Chen Gang [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:53 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm/nommu.c: add additional check for vread() just like vwrite() has done
vwrite() checks for overflow. vread() should do the same thing.
Since vwrite() checks the source buffer address, vread() should check
the destination buffer address.
Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:53 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm: remove lru parameter from __lru_cache_add and lru_cache_add_lru
Similar to __pagevec_lru_add, this patch removes the LRU parameter from
__lru_cache_add and lru_cache_add_lru as the caller does not control the
exact LRU the page gets added to. lru_cache_add_lru gets renamed to
lru_cache_add the name is silly without the lru parameter. With the
parameter removed, it is required that the caller indicate if they want
the page added to the active or inactive list by setting or clearing
PageActive respectively.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: Suggested the patch] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Alexey Lyahkov <alexey.lyashkov@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Perepechko <anserper@ya.ru> Cc: Robin Dong <sanbai@taobao.com> Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Bernd Schubert <bernd.schubert@fastmail.fm> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:52 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm: remove lru parameter from __pagevec_lru_add and remove parts of pagevec API
Now that the LRU to add a page to is decided at LRU-add time, remove the
misleading lru parameter from __pagevec_lru_add. A consequence of this is
that the pagevec_lru_add_file, pagevec_lru_add_anon and similar helpers
are misleading as the caller no longer has direct control over what LRU
the page is added to. Unused helpers are removed by this patch and
existing users of pagevec_lru_add_file() are converted to use
lru_cache_add_file() directly and use the per-cpu pagevecs instead of
creating their own pagevec.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Alexey Lyahkov <alexey.lyashkov@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Perepechko <anserper@ya.ru> Cc: Robin Dong <sanbai@taobao.com> Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Bernd Schubert <bernd.schubert@fastmail.fm> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:52 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm: activate !PageLRU pages on mark_page_accessed if page is on local pagevec
If a page is on a pagevec then it is !PageLRU and mark_page_accessed() may
fail to move a page to the active list as expected. Now that the LRU is
selected at LRU drain time, mark pages PageActive if they are on the local
pagevec so it gets moved to the correct list at LRU drain time. Using a
debugging patch it was found that for a simple git checkout based workload
that pages were never added to the active file list in practice but with
this patch applied they are.
before after
LRU Add Active File 0 750583
LRU Add Active Anon 26405872702818
LRU Add Inactive File 88336628068353
LRU Add Inactive Anon 207 200
Note that only pages on the local pagevec are considered on purpose. A
!PageLRU page could be in the process of being released, reclaimed,
migrated or on a remote pagevec that is currently being drained. Marking
it PageActive is vunerable to races where PageLRU and Active bits are
checked at the wrong time. Page reclaim will trigger VM_BUG_ONs but
depending on when the race hits, it could also free a PageActive page to
the page allocator and trigger a bad_page warning. Similarly a potential
race exists between a per-cpu drain on a pagevec list and an activation on
a remote CPU.
In this case a PageActive page is added to the inactivate list and later
the inactive/active stats will get skewed. While the PageActive checks in
vmscan could be removed and potentially dealt with, a skew in the
statistics would be very difficult to detect. Hence this patch deals just
with the common case where a page being marked accessed has just been
added to the local pagevec.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Alexey Lyahkov <alexey.lyashkov@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Perepechko <anserper@ya.ru> Cc: Robin Dong <sanbai@taobao.com> Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Bernd Schubert <bernd.schubert@fastmail.fm> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:52 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm: pagevec: defer deciding which LRU to add a page to until pagevec drain time
mark_page_accessed() cannot activate an inactive page that is located on
an inactive LRU pagevec. Hints from filesystems may be ignored as a
result. In preparation for fixing that problem, this patch removes the
per-LRU pagevecs and leaves just one pagevec. The final LRU the page is
added to is deferred until the pagevec is drained.
This means that fewer pagevecs are available and potentially there is
greater contention on the LRU lock. However, this only applies in the
case where there is an almost perfect mix of file, anon, active and
inactive pages being added to the LRU. In practice I expect that we are
adding stream of pages of a particular time and that the changes in
contention will barely be measurable.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Alexey Lyahkov <alexey.lyashkov@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Perepechko <anserper@ya.ru> Cc: Robin Dong <sanbai@taobao.com> Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Bernd Schubert <bernd.schubert@fastmail.fm> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Mel Gorman [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:51 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
mm: add tracepoints for LRU activation and insertions
Andrew Perepechko reported a problem whereby pages are being prematurely
evicted as the mark_page_accessed() hint is ignored for pages that are
currently on a pagevec --
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-ext4/msg37340.html . Alexey Lyahkov
and Robin Dong have also reported problems recently that could be due to
hot pages reaching the end of the inactive list too quickly and be
reclaimed.
Rather than addressing this on a per-filesystem basis, this series aims to
fix the mark_page_accessed() interface by deferring what LRU a page is
added to pagevec drain time and allowing mark_page_accessed() to call
SetPageActive on a pagevec page.
Patch 1 adds two tracepoints for LRU page activation and insertion. Using
these processes it's possible to build a model of pages in the
LRU that can be processed offline.
Patch 2 defers making the decision on what LRU to add a page to until when
the pagevec is drained.
Patch 3 searches the local pagevec for pages to mark PageActive on
mark_page_accessed. The changelog explains why only the local
pagevec is examined.
Patches 4 and 5 tidy up the API.
postmark, a dd-based test and fs-mark both single and threaded mode were
run but none of them showed any performance degradation or gain as a
result of the patch.
Using patch 1, I built a *very* basic model of the LRU to examine offline
what the average age of different page types on the LRU were in
milliseconds. Of course, capturing the trace distorts the test as it's
written to local disk but it does not matter for the purposes of this
test. The average age of pages in milliseconds were
vanilla deferdrain
Average age mapped anon: 1454 1250
Average age mapped file: 127841 155552
Average age unmapped anon: 85 235
Average age unmapped file: 73633 38884
Average age unmapped buffers: 74054 116155
The LRU activity was mostly files which you'd expect for a dd-based
workload. Note that the average age of buffer pages is increased by the
series and it is expected this is due to the fact that the buffer pages
are now getting added to the active list when drained from the pagevecs.
Note that the average age of the unmapped file data is decreased as they
are still added to the inactive list and are reclaimed before the buffers.
There is no guarantee this is a universal win for all workloads and it
would be nice if the filesystem people gave some thought as to whether
this decision is generally a win or a loss.
This patch:
Using these tracepoints it is possible to model LRU activity and the
average residency of pages of different types. This can be used to debug
problems related to premature reclaim of pages of particular types.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Alexey Lyahkov <alexey.lyashkov@gmail.com> Cc: Andrew Perepechko <anserper@ya.ru> Cc: Robin Dong <sanbai@taobao.com> Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Bernd Schubert <bernd.schubert@fastmail.fm> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Li Zefan [Fri, 7 Jun 2013 00:07:51 +0000 (10:07 +1000)]
memcg: update TODO list in Documentation
hugetlb cgroup has already been implemented.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Don't permit writable nor executable mapping even with mprotect() because
this mmap() is aimed at reading crash dump memory. Non-writable mapping
is also requirement of remap_pfn_range() when mapping linear pages on
non-consecutive physical pages; see is_cow_mapping().
Set VM_MIXEDMAP flag to remap memory by remap_pfn_range and by
remap_vmalloc_range_pertial at the same time for a single vma.
do_munmap() can correctly clean partially remapped vma with two functions
in abnormal case. See zap_pte_range(), vm_normal_page() and their
comments for details.
On x86-32 PAE kernels, mmap() supports at most 16TB memory only. This
limitation comes from the fact that the third argument of
remap_pfn_range(), pfn, is of 32-bit length on x86-32: unsigned long.
vmcore: calculate vmcore file size from buffer size and total size of vmcore objects
The previous patches newly added holes before each chunk of memory and the
holes need to be count in vmcore file size. There are two ways to count
file size in such a way:
1) suppose m is a poitner to the last vmcore object in vmcore_list.
Then file size is (m->offset + m->size), or
2) calculate sum of size of buffers for ELF header, program headers,
ELF note segments and objects in vmcore_list.
Although 1) is more direct and simpler than 2), 2) seems better in that it
reflects internal object structure of /proc/vmcore. Thus, this patch
changes get_vmcore_size_elf{64, 32} so that it calculates size in the way
of 2).
As a result, both get_vmcore_size_elf{64, 32} have the same definition.
Merge them as get_vmcore_size.
vmcore: allow user process to remap ELF note segment buffer
Now ELF note segment has been copied in the buffer on vmalloc memory. To
allow user process to remap the ELF note segment buffer with
remap_vmalloc_page, the corresponding VM area object has to have
VM_USERMAP flag set.
vmcore: allocate ELF note segment in the 2nd kernel vmalloc memory
The reasons why we don't allocate ELF note segment in the 1st kernel (old
memory) on page boundary is to keep backward compatibility for old
kernels, and that if doing so, we waste not a little memory due to
round-up operation to fit the memory to page boundary since most of the
buffers are in per-cpu area.
ELF notes are per-cpu, so total size of ELF note segments depends on
number of CPUs. The current maximum number of CPUs on x86_64 is 5192, and
there's already system with 4192 CPUs in SGI, where total size amounts to
1MB. This can be larger in the near future or possibly even now on
another architecture that has larger size of note per a single cpu. Thus,
to avoid the case where memory allocation for large block fails, we
allocate vmcore objects on vmalloc memory.
This patch adds elfnotes_buf and elfnotes_sz variables to keep pointer to
the ELF note segment buffer and its size. There's no longer the vmcore
object that corresponds to the ELF note segment in vmcore_list.
Accordingly, read_vmcore() has new case for ELF note segment and
set_vmcore_list_offsets_elf{64,32}() and other helper functions starts
calculating offset from sum of size of ELF headers and size of ELF note
segment.
We want to allocate ELF note segment buffer on the 2nd kernel in vmalloc
space and remap it to user-space in order to reduce the risk that memory
allocation fails on system with huge number of CPUs and so with huge ELF
note segment that exceeds 11-order block size.
Although there's already remap_vmalloc_range for the purpose of remapping
vmalloc memory to user-space, we need to specify user-space range via vma.
Mmap on /proc/vmcore needs to remap range across multiple objects, so the
interface that requires vma to cover full range is problematic.
This patch introduces remap_vmalloc_range_partial that receives user-space
range as a pair of base address and size and can be used for mmap on
/proc/vmcore case.
remap_vmalloc_range is rewritten using remap_vmalloc_range_partial.
Currently, __find_vmap_area searches for the kernel VM area starting at a
given address. This patch changes this behavior so that it searches for
the kernel VM area to which the address belongs. This change is needed by
remap_vmalloc_range_partial to be introduced in later patch that receives
any position of kernel VM area as target address.
This patch changes the condition (addr > va->va_start) to the equivalent
(addr >= va->va_end) by taking advantage of the fact that each kernel VM
area is non-overlapping.
vmcore: treat memory chunks referenced by PT_LOAD program header entries in page-size boundary in vmcore_list
Treat memory chunks referenced by PT_LOAD program header entries in
page-size boundary in vmcore_list. Formally, for each range [start, end],
we set up the corresponding vmcore object in vmcore_list to
[rounddown(start, PAGE_SIZE), roundup(end, PAGE_SIZE)].
This change affects layout of /proc/vmcore. The gaps generated by the
rearrangement are newly made visible to applications as holes.
Concretely, they are two ranges [rounddown(start, PAGE_SIZE), start] and
[end, roundup(end, PAGE_SIZE)].
Suppose variable m points at a vmcore object in vmcore_list, and variable
phdr points at the program header of PT_LOAD type the variable m
corresponds to. Then, pictorially:
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