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+NAME="NET-COMMON-TCPIP-MANPAGES-SEND">send</H1
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+><PRE
+CLASS="SCREEN"
+>SEND(2) System Calls Manual SEND(2)
+
+NAME
+ send, sendto, sendmsg - send a message from a socket
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ #include <sys/types.h>
+ #include <sys/socket.h>
+
+ ssize_t
+ send(int s, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags);
+
+ ssize_t
+ sendto(int s, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags,
+ const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen);
+
+ ssize_t
+ sendmsg(int s, const struct msghdr *msg, int flags);
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() are used to transmit a message to another
+ socket. send() may be used only when the socket is in a connected state,
+ while sendto() and sendmsg() may be used at any time.
+
+ The address of the target is given by to with tolen specifying its size.
+ The length of the message is given by len. If the message is too long to
+ pass atomically through the underlying protocol, the error EMSGSIZE is
+ returned, and the message is not transmitted.
+
+ No indication of failure to deliver is implicit in a send(). Locally
+ detected errors are indicated by a return value of -1.
+
+ If no messages space is available at the socket to hold the message to be
+ transmitted, then send() normally blocks, unless the socket has been
+ placed in non-blocking I/O mode. The select(2) or poll(2) system calls
+ may be used to determine when it is possible to send more data.
+
+ The flags parameter may include one or more of the following:
+
+ #define MSG_OOB 0x1 /* process out-of-band data */
+ #define MSG_DONTROUTE 0x4 /* bypass routing, use direct interface */
+
+ The flag MSG_OOB is used to send ``out-of-band'' data on sockets that
+ support this notion (e.g., SOCK_STREAM); the underlying protocol must
+ also support ``out-of-band'' data. MSG_DONTROUTE is usually used only by
+ diagnostic or routing programs.
+
+ See recv(2) for a description of the msghdr structure.
+
+RETURN VALUES
+ The call returns the number of characters sent, or -1 if an error
+ occurred.
+
+ERRORS
+ send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() fail if:
+
+ [EBADF] An invalid descriptor was specified.
+
+ [ENOTSOCK] The argument s is not a socket.
+
+ [EFAULT] An invalid user space address was specified for a
+ parameter.
+
+ [EMSGSIZE] The socket requires that message be sent atomically,
+ and the size of the message to be sent made this
+ impossible.
+
+ [EAGAIN] The socket is marked non-blocking and the requested
+ operation would block.
+
+ [ENOBUFS] The system was unable to allocate an internal buffer.
+ The operation may succeed when buffers become avail-
+ able.
+
+ [ENOBUFS] The output queue for a network interface was full.
+ This generally indicates that the interface has
+ stopped sending, but may be caused by transient con-
+ gestion.
+
+ [EACCES] The SO_BROADCAST option is not set on the socket, and
+ a broadcast address was given as the destination.
+
+ [EHOSTUNREACH] The destination address specified an unreachable host.
+
+ [EINVAL] The flags parameter is invalid.
+
+ [EHOSTDOWN] The destination address specified a host that is down.
+
+ [ENETDOWN] The destination address specified a network that is
+ down.
+
+ [ECONNREFUSED] The destination host rejected the message (or a previ-
+ ous one). This error can only be returned by con-
+ nected sockets.
+
+ [ENOPROTOOPT] There was a problem sending the message. This error
+ can only be returned by connected sockets.
+
+ [EDESTADDRREQ] The socket is not connected, and no destination
+ address was specified.
+
+ [EISCONN] The socket is already connected, and a destination
+ address was specified.
+
+ In addition, send() and sendto() may return the following error:
+
+ [EINVAL] len was larger than SSIZE_MAX.
+
+ Also, sendmsg() may return the following errors:
+
+ [EINVAL] The sum of the iov_len values in the msg_iov array
+ overflowed an ssize_t.
+
+ [EMSGSIZE] The msg_iovlen member of msg was less than 0 or larger
+ than IOV_MAX.
+
+ [EAFNOSUPPORT] Addresses in the specified address family cannot be
+ used with this socket.
+
+SEE ALSO
+ fcntl(2), getsockopt(2), poll(2), recv(2), select(2), poll(2), socket(2),
+ write(2)
+
+HISTORY
+ The send() function call appeared in 4.2BSD.
+
+BSD July 28, 1998 BSD
+ </PRE
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